999 resultados para Reacção em Cadeia da Polímerase
Resumo:
This work presents the cashew nuts chain in the State of Rio Grande do Norte between 1960 and 2009. The main purpose of this research was to find the reason of the low productivity of the cashew nut in this state, identifying in the cashew's chain production the struggling points which were limiting the commerce of this product through the distribution network. Therefore, the Supply Chain Management was used as a logistic analysis methodology, focusing on relationships management between the nodes of this chain, from the producer until the final customer. Many problems were found: first, the precarious production conditions of the small producer don't lead to reach the demanded productivity by the market. The distance, the lack of communication of the small producers among themselves and an archaic way of dealing with their businesses, may be an explanatory reason for this problem, considering that those factors are the main elements which contribute for the weakening of the small producer placed in the productive chain. Another spotted point was that the business-oriented relationship between the producer and the local trader does not allow the small producer's economical development, which interferes in any technological investment to reach a good quality production that fulfills the market demand. And also, the fact that there is a tendency of the final costumer to require lower prices day-byday, forcing a pressure on the nodes transferring to the other and successively until arriving at the producer who inevitably is suffering the biggest impacts from this mentioned pressure.
Resumo:
This research aims to study the manioc flour productive chain in order to understand how the relationship between its segments happens, specially between the flour agroindustry and the distribuition. This research was made from a study of case that envolved three agro industries from the Potiguar wasteland and a company of food distribution. The filiére and the supply chain management analysis were applied to identify the functioning and the organization of the manioc flour productive chain. From the study of case it s noticed that the existing contracts, even the informal ones, has mutual benefits and it suggests that they be legalized
Resumo:
This work presents a hybrid approach for the supplier selection problem in Supply Chain Management. We joined decision-making philosophy by researchers from business school and researchers from engineering in order to deal with the problem more extensively. We utilized traditional multicriteria decision-making methods, like AHP and TOPSIS, in order to evaluate alternatives according decision maker s preferences. The both techiniques were modeled by using definitions from the Fuzzy Sets Theory to deal with imprecise data. Additionally, we proposed a multiobjetive GRASP algorithm to perform an order allocation procedure between all pre-selected alternatives. These alternatives must to be pre-qualified on the basis of the AHP and TOPSIS methods before entering the LCR. Our allocation procedure has presented low CPU times for five pseudorandom instances, containing up to 1000 alternatives, as well as good values for all considered objectives. This way, we consider the proposed model as appropriate to solve the supplier selection problem in the SCM context. It can be used to help decision makers in reducing lead times, cost and risks in their supply chain. The proposed model can also improve firm s efficiency in relation to business strategies, according decision makers, even when a large number of alternatives must be considered, differently from classical models in purchasing literature
Resumo:
Performance measurement in highly competitive markets is a necessary measure for those who aim the top positions. The business performance measurement approach have reached relevant results in the literature, however, a different approach has recently appeared that broadened the perception of competition, where companies do not seek the competition among companies only, but also among supply chains. Brazilian Wind energy supply chain is living a structuring and expanding moment, with the major global players in the industry making investments in the country. This research aims to answer which are the key performance indicators that must be considered by the Brazilian wind energy sector companies, which are part in a broad perspective of supply chain competition. The research was executed in two steps: exploratory (literature review and a field research in the companies) and later a survey was conducted with the Brazilian Wind energy companies workers with the purpose to validate the performance indicators found in the exploratory step. The survey evaluated 40 performance indicators distributed among five major activities: Project prospection, building/execution, operation and maintenance, logistics and transverse processes, which summarize the performance of the entire supply chain, pointing the sinergy and the competitive level of the supply chain. The selected performance indicators reflect the high relevance of the costs dimension in the Brazilian energy companies performance, acting as a key performance indicator, is also indicates the limited performance management integration throughout the Brazilian wind energy supply chain
Resumo:
In this work, the Markov chain will be the tool used in the modeling and analysis of convergence of the genetic algorithm, both the standard version as for the other versions that allows the genetic algorithm. In addition, we intend to compare the performance of the standard version with the fuzzy version, believing that this version gives the genetic algorithm a great ability to find a global optimum, own the global optimization algorithms. The choice of this algorithm is due to the fact that it has become, over the past thirty yares, one of the more importan tool used to find a solution of de optimization problem. This choice is due to its effectiveness in finding a good quality solution to the problem, considering that the knowledge of a good quality solution becomes acceptable given that there may not be another algorithm able to get the optimal solution for many of these problems. However, this algorithm can be set, taking into account, that it is not only dependent on how the problem is represented as but also some of the operators are defined, to the standard version of this, when the parameters are kept fixed, to their versions with variables parameters. Therefore to achieve good performance with the aforementioned algorithm is necessary that it has an adequate criterion in the choice of its parameters, especially the rate of mutation and crossover rate or even the size of the population. It is important to remember that those implementations in which parameters are kept fixed throughout the execution, the modeling algorithm by Markov chain results in a homogeneous chain and when it allows the variation of parameters during the execution, the Markov chain that models becomes be non - homogeneous. Therefore, in an attempt to improve the algorithm performance, few studies have tried to make the setting of the parameters through strategies that capture the intrinsic characteristics of the problem. These characteristics are extracted from the present state of execution, in order to identify and preserve a pattern related to a solution of good quality and at the same time that standard discarding of low quality. Strategies for feature extraction can either use precise techniques as fuzzy techniques, in the latter case being made through a fuzzy controller. A Markov chain is used for modeling and convergence analysis of the algorithm, both in its standard version as for the other. In order to evaluate the performance of a non-homogeneous algorithm tests will be applied to compare the standard fuzzy algorithm with the genetic algorithm, and the rate of change adjusted by a fuzzy controller. To do so, pick up optimization problems whose number of solutions varies exponentially with the number of variables
Resumo:
A região do Alto Tietê é responsável por 85% da produção de nêspera do Estado de São Paulo. Atividade rentável, nos últimos anos os produtores verificaram uma queda na sua lucratividade. Este trabalho teve como objetivos sistematizar informações econômicas sobre a cadeia produtiva e analisar a estrutura de mercado. A evolução dos preços da nêspera mostra crescimento até o ano 2000 e posterior queda. O mercado atacadista tem atuado como um colchão amortecedor. O maior desafio para os produtores de nêspera se encontra no âmbito organizacional. A estrutura de mercado e os resultados da pesquisa de campo indicam que os produtores do Alto Tietê encontram-se em posição vantajosa para um reposicionamento nesse aspecto, importante para uma participação sustentável na atividade.
Resumo:
OBJETIVO: Verificar a influência da utilização da fisioterapia complexa descongestiva associada à dietoterapia com triglicerídeos de cadeia média (TCM) como forma de intervenção no linfedema de membro superior (MS). MÉTODOS: Para a avaliação do linfedema, foram utilizadas cirtometria, volumetria, pregas cutâneas e quantidade de água corporal total. A Escala Visual Análoga (EVA) foi utilizada para avaliar as sensações de desconforto, peso e dor no MS. Participaram deste estudo dez mulheres mastectomizadas com linfedema de MS homolateral à cirurgia, com idade média de 65,9 ± 10,4 anos e índice de massa corpórea (IMC) de 26,8 ± 3,0kg/m² que, após avaliação nutricional, foram divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Grupo Controle (n= 5), submetido ao tratamento fisioterapêutico constando da terapia complexa descongestiva (massagem clássica, drenagem linfática manual, bandagem compressiva e cuidados com a pele) três vezes na semana, durante quatro semanas; Grupo TCM (n= 5), submetido ao mesmo protocolo fisioterapêutico somado ao tratamento dietético diário com ingestão de TCM, por quatro semanas. RESULTADOS: Ao final da intervenção, a análise da cirtometria e da volumetria mostraram diferenças significativas entre os grupos (< 0,05), com maior redução do linfedema no Grupo TCM. Não houve diferença significativa nos valores das pregas cutâneas e da quantidade de água corporal total. A sensação de peso no membro superior, antes e após a intervenção, foi significativamente menor (< 0,05) no Grupo TCM. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento fisioterapêutico somado à dietoterapia com ingestão de TCM em mulheres portadoras de linfedema de MS pós-cirurgia e tratamento de câncer de mama foi efetivo na involução desta condição.
Resumo:
The paper demonstrates how it is organized production chain of natural gas in Rio Grande do Norte and highlights some prospects for this sector. The study is backed by elements to understand the process of innovation as the driving force of capitalist dynamics as well as the features of the Brazilian economy in the years 1990 and 2000 that indicated the development of natural gas production in the energy matrix Brazil. It was found that the state has potiguar possibilities for structuring an energy based on elements from the region and with prospects of becoming self-sufficient in electricity, where natural gas has a share of participation in this segment. The automotive and industrial are the biggest consumers of this input. With emphasis on the textile industry. Signaling to a broad horizon of supply, this sector will depend on their investments in research and Deficient, and the policy adopted by government to develop the consumer market
Resumo:
Este trabalho visou a comparação de cinco métodos diferentes de extração de DNA de materiais de arquivo (tecidos incluídos em parafina, esfregaços de sangue periférico - corados e não corados com Leishman, lâminas com mielogramas, gotas de sangue em Guthrie Card) e de fontes escassas (células bucais, um e três bulbos capilares e 2 mL de urina), para que fossem avaliadas a facilidade de aplicação e a facilidade de amplificação deste DNA pela técnica da reação de polimerização em cadeia (PCR). Os métodos incluíram digestão por proteinase K, seguida ou não por purificação com fenol/clorofórmio; Chelex 100® (BioRad); Insta Gene® (BioRad) e fervura em água estéril. O DNA obtido foi testado para amplificação de três fragmentos gênicos: Brain-derived neutrophic factor (764 pb), Factor V Leiden (220 pb) e Abelson (106 pb). de acordo com o comprimento do fragmento gênico estudado, da fonte potencial de DNA e do método de extração utilizado, os resultados caracterizaram o melhor caminho para padronização de procedimentos técnicos a serem incluídos no manual de Procedimentos Operacionais Padrão do Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Hemocentro - HC - Unesp - Botucatu.
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
In this work, we studied the strong consistency for a class of estimates for a transition density of a Markov chain with general state space E ⊂ Rd. The strong ergodicity of the estimates for the density transition is obtained from the strong consistency of the kernel estimates for both the marginal density p(:) of the chain and the joint density q(., .). In this work the Markov chain is supposed to be homogeneous, uniformly ergodic and possessing a stationary density p(.,.)
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
Canine and human visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in several States of Brazil, and it is associated with infected dogs and the presence of the vector. Aiming at using polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic tool in dogs, we amplified a 120bp fragment from kDNA of Leishmania spp. by PCR in blood samples. The lower detection limit observed was 0.1 parasites per 500 mu L of blood, which is a highly satisfactory result. on the other hand, PCR evaluation in 166 blood samples of dogs from Poxoreo, MS, Brazil, resulted in 55% sensitivity and 66.3% specificity, considering indirect imunnofluorescent test as gold standard.
Resumo:
Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar as práticas de gestão da cadeia de suprimentos que estão sendo adotadas no setor eletroeletrônico brasileiro e verificar se as prioridades competitivas da produção das empresas desse setor se relacionam com a adoção de tais práticas. Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa empírica, de cunho quantitativo, a partir da realização de uma pesquisa survey por e-mail com gerentes de empresas do setor eletroeletrônico da Associação Brasileira da Indústria Elétrica e Eletrônica. Técnicas estatísticas descritivas e multivariadas de segunda geração (modelagem de equações estruturais) foram empregadas para analisar os dados obtidos. Como principais resultados deste artigo destacam-se: a) as práticas de gestão da cadeia de suprimentos que estão sendo mais implantadas são voltadas à integração e apoio das atividades de desenvolvimento de produtos com os clientes; e b) não foram verificadas relações significativas entre as prioridades competitivas das empresas estudadas e a adoção de práticas de gestão da cadeia de suprimentos.