Lake Tiefer See varve microfacies, bulk geochemistry, µ-XRF, vegetation openness and Cladocera record

The Holocene sediment record of Lake Tiefer See exhibits striking alternations between well-varved and non-varved intervals. Here we present a high resolution multi-proxy record for the past ~6000 years and discuss possible causes for the observed sediment variability. This approach comprises of microfacies, geochemical and microfossil analyses as well as of a multiple dating concept including varve counting, tephrochronology and radiocarbon dating. Four periods of predominantly well-varved sediment were identified at 6000-3950 cal. a BP, 3100-2850 cal. a BP, 2100-750 cal. a BP and AD 1924-present. Except of sub-recent varve formation, these periods are considered to reflect reduced lake circulation and consequently, stronger anoxic bottom water conditions. In contrast, intercalated intervals of poor varve preservation or even extensively mixed non-varved sediments indicate strengthened lake circulation. Sub-recent varve formation since AD 1924 is, in addition to natural forcing, influenced by enhanced lake productivity due to modern anthropogenic eutrophication. The general increase in periods of intensified lake circulation in Lake Tiefer See since ~4000 cal. a BP presumably is caused by gradual changes in Northern Hemisphere orbital forcing, leading to cooler and windier conditions in Central Europe. Superimposed decadal to centennial scale variability of the lake circulation regime likely is the result of additional human-induced changes of the catchment vegetation. The coincidence of major non-varved periods at Lake Tiefer See and intervals of bioturbated sediments in the Baltic Sea implies a broader regional significance of our findings.

Stable carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of foraminifera from Cretaceous and Paleocene sediments

Detailed analysis of over 200 samples of uppermost Cretaceous and Paleocene sediments from Atlantic Ocean DSDP Sites 384, 86, 95, 152, 144, 20C, 21, 356, 357, and 329 provides new information on the temperature stratification of Paleocene planktonic foraminifera, the temperature and carbon isotopic changes across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, and the fluctuating temperature and carbon isotopic records through the Paleocene ~64.5-54 m.y.). There was a significant temperature rise across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary both at the surface and in deep waters of the Atlantic Ocean. This temperature rise occurred before the basal Tertiary 'Globigerina' eugubina Zone, so that in the oldest Paleocene sample yet analyzed from the deep sea (Site 356) temperatures are already three degrees higher at the bottom and at the surface than in the Cretaceous. The temperature rise across the boundaryis more pronounced on the bottom and in samples from higher latitudes. Accompanying the temperature rise across the boundary there is a significant shift in the carbon isotope profile. In the basal Paleocene the foraminifera of the surface zone demonstrate very negative carbon isotope values (unlike in the Cretaceous of today's ocean), while deeper dwelling species have more positive values which then decrease to the bottom. The unusual carbon isotope gradients persist through the first three million years of the Paleocene until towards the top of planktonic foraminiferal Zone P.1 (G. trinidadensis Zone) the foraminifera record a profile more positive at the surface and decreasing towards the bottom (as in today's ocean). During the Paleocene there are two noteworthy rises in surface water temperature; the first around 62-61 m.y. (G. trinidadensis Zone), and the second near the base of the Globorotalia angulata Zone, 60-59 m.y. At this time surface temperatures at low to mid latitudes reached values near 25°C, while at mid-latitude Site 384 temperature highs near 22°C were registered. At a sample spacing of around one per million years, we have only produced some of the detail of these temperature fluctuations. The later Paleocene is generally cooler and there do not seem to be any large variations either through time or latitude. Middle-latitude sites average temperatures near 15°C at the surface, while high lower latitude site temperatures range near 18°C. The most salient feature of the bottom temperature record (based on multispecific samples) through the Paleocene is its lack of fluctuations. There is an overall temperature range of 5°C at these intermediate depth sites (paleodepth estimates between 1500 and 3000 m). Higher values near 13°C accompany the surface temperature peaks around 62 and 60 m.y., while low values near 8°C occur in Zone P.2 (61-60 m.y.). We detected no change in bottom temperature across the paleocene/Eocene boundary in the few samples studied so far. While there are several fluctuations in the carbon isotope values through the early Paleocene, the general trend is one of increasingly positive values at the surface and at depth. This trend culminates in the late Paleocene (upper Zone P.4, about 56-57 m.y.) with a major excursion in the carbon isotope values. At low latitudes the range between the surface and the deepest planktonic foraminifera is a delta13C of 4 per mil as compared with a range of 2 per mil today. The carbon values drop off slightly, but remain strongly positive through the remainder of the Paleocene at most sites. Accompanying the carbon isotope excursion at Site 384 is a productivity increase and a proposed rise in the CCD.

Late Holocene diatom abundaces in sediment core HC-11

The study of diatoms in core HC11 collected from the southwestern part of Chukchi Sea, allowed to distinguish 3 diatoms ecological zones, reflecting paleoenvironmental changes during the last 2300 years. The sediment age was based on the sedimentation rates, determined by 210Pb and radiocarbon dating of mollusk shells. The environmental changes of Chukchi Sea revealed by examination of diatoms correlates with global climate changes - the warming of the early and middle Subatlantic and cooling of the late Subatlantic (Little Ice Age). Warming early and middle Subatlantic in the Chukchi Sea was probably stronger than the warming of the late 20th century and was not accompanied by significant changes in sea level.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Members of the Genus Streptobacillus

The genus Streptobacillus (S.) remained monotypic for almost 90 years until two new species were recently described. The type species, S. moniliformis, is one of the two etiological agents of rat bite fever, an under-diagnosed, worldwide occurring zoonosis. In a polyphasic approach field isolates and reference strains of S. moniliformis, S. hongkongensis, S. felis as well as divergent isolates were characterized by comparison of molecular data (n = 29) and from the majority also by their physiological as well as proteomic properties (n = 22). Based on growth-independent physiological profiling using VITEK2-compact, API ZYM and the Micronaut system fastidious growth-related difficulties could be overcome and streptobacilli could definitively be typed despite generally few differences. While differing in their isolation sites and dates, S. moniliformis isolates were found to possess almost identical spectra in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Spectroscopic methods facilitated differentiation of S. moniliformis, S. hongkongensis and S. felis as well as one divergent isolate. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene as well as functional genes groEL, recA and gyrB revealed only little intraspecific variability, but generally proved suitable for interspecies discrimination between all three taxa and two groups of divergent isolates.

EVOLUÇÃO ESTRUTURAL DE BRACATINGAIS DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE CURITIBA, PARANÁ, BRASIL

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a evolução estrutural de espécies arbóreas em bracatingais, ao longo de vinte anos. A bracatinga ( Mimosa scabrella Benth.) é a espécie pioneira, de vida curta, que caracteriza os bracatingais. Sob as bracatingas forma-se um sub-bosque com outras espécies arbóreas, que vai assumindo o lugar da bracatinga com o passar dos anos e que é tratado como se fosse lenha da própria bracatinga, quando a área é cortada a cada 7 anos e a regeneração da bracatinga é novamente induzida com o uso do fogo. O processo de sucessão em bracatingais ainda não foi estudado e é útil identificar a idade em que as demais espécies passam a dominar o bracatingal. Trabalhou-se com 320 parcelas, distribuídas em bracatingais com idades variando de 3 a 20 anos, medidas entre 1998 e 2011. Foram medidos os DAP (diâmetro a altura do peito) e altura total de todas as espécies com DAP ≥ 5 cm. Observou-se que, aos 11 anos, o conjunto das espécies supera a bracatinga em número de indivíduos e aos 19 anos as espécies arbóreas já apresentam uma distribuição diamétrica semelhante ao de uma floresta em fase mais avançada. De forma geral observou-se que, após os 10 anos de idade, um bracatingal já começa a tomar forma de um capoeirão.

Florestas energéticas: parâmetros técnicos para elaboração de projetos no mercado de carbono.

As florestas têm papel importante na captura e estocagem de carbono da atmosfera através do processo fotossintético. Partindo desta premissa, são vislumbradas muitas oportunidades de participação das florestas no mercado de créditos de carbono, seja através de projetos de conservação das formações florestais remanescentes, seja através de projetos de substituição de combustíveis fósseis por fontes renováveis a partir de reflorestamentos comerciais. Projetos de conservação têm encontrado maior receptividade nos mercados voluntário de crédito de carbono e mais recentemente através de mecanismos tais como REDD (Redução de Emissões por Desmatamento e Degradação) e de Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais. Já os projetos que visam a substituição de combustíveis fósseis por produtos e resíduos de cadeias produtivas florestais têm encontrado mais oportunidades de comercialização de créditos de carbono através do MDL (Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo). Uma das atividades do projeto nacional em rede Florestas Energéticas, desenvolvidas na Embrapa Meio Ambiente (Jaguariúna-SP) é avaliar e sugerir oportunidades no mercado de carbono para as espécies florestais: Eucalyptus urophila S T Blake; Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth; Acacia mangium Willd e Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel. Através de consulta à literatura e aos especialistas sobre cada uma das espécies, foi elaborado um estudo técnico sobre a viabilidade de inserção dessas espécies florestais no mercado de carbono considerando-se os parâmetros técnicos necessários à elaboração de projetos florestais para o mercado de carbono. Como referência serão considerados os parâmetros requeridos pelas metodologias mais recentemente aprovadas pelo Conselho Executivo do MDL, relativas a projetos florestais. O objetivo primordial desse estudo é apontar as necessidades estratégicas de pesquisa e desenvolvimento visando a plena utilização dessas espécies como fontes de carvão vegetal com sustentabilidade econômica, social e ambiental.

Avaliação de inibidores verdes microemulsionados na inibição à corrosão do aço carbono AISI 1020

In general, among the corrosion inhibitors surfactants are the most commonly used compounds, because they are significantly effective by forming protective films on anodic and cathodic areas. In this study, microemulsions containing he biodegradable saponified coconut oil as surfactant (SME-OCS) was used as green corrosion inhibitors. With this purpose, methanolic extracts of Ixora coccinea Linn (IC) and a polar fraction rich in alkaloids (FA) obtained from Croton cajucara Benth solubilized in the SME-OCS system were examined in the presence of AISI 1020 carbon steel, in saline solution (NaCl 3,5 %). The efficiency of corrosion inhibition of IC and FA were evaluated in the following microemulsions: SME-OCS-IC and SME-OCS-FA. The microemulsion system SME-OCS in the presence and absence of IC and FA was assessed by measurements of weight loss and the electrochemical method of polarization resistance, with variation in the concentration of IC and FA (50 - 400 ppm), showing significant results of corrosion inhibition (83,6 % SME-OCS; 92,2 % SME-OCS-FA; and 95,3 % SME-OCS-IC)

Harpalycin 2 inhibits the enzymatic and platelet aggregation activities of PrTX-III, a D49 phospholipase A(2) from Bothrops pirajai venom

Background: Harpalycin 2 (HP-2) is an isoflavone isolated from the leaves of Harpalyce brasiliana Benth., a snakeroot found in northeast region of Brazil and used in folk medicine to treat snakebite. Its leaves are said to be anti-inflammatory. Secretory phospholipases A(2) are important toxins found in snake venom and are structurally related to those found in inflammatory conditions in mammals, as in arthritis and atherosclerosis, and for this reason can be valuable tools for searching new anti-phospholipase A(2) drugs.Methods: HP-2 and piratoxin-III (PrTX-III) were purified through chromatographic techniques. The effect of HP-2 in the enzymatic activity of PrTX-III was carried out using 4-nitro-3-octanoyloxy-benzoic acid as the substrate. PrTX-III induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by HP-2 when compared to aristolochic acid and p-bromophenacyl bromide (p-BPB). In an attempt to elucidate how HP-2 interacts with PrTX-III, mass spectrometry, circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence analysis were performed. Docking scores of the ligands (HP-2, aristolochic acid and p-BPB) using PrTX-III as target were also calculated.Results: HP-2 inhibited the enzymatic activity of PrTX-III (IC50 11.34 +/- 0.28 mu g/mL) although it did not form a stable chemical complex in the active site, since mass spectrometry measurements showed no difference between native (13,837.34 Da) and HP-2 treated PrTX-III (13,856.12 Da). A structural analysis of PrTX-III after treatment with HP-2 showed a decrease in dimerization and a slight protein unfolding. In the platelet aggregation assay, HP-2 previously incubated with PrTX-III inhibited the aggregation when compared with untreated protein. PrTX-III chemical treated with aristolochic acid and p-BPB, two standard PLA(2) inhibitors, showed low inhibitory effects when compared with the HP-2 treatment. Docking scores corroborated these results, showing higher affinity of HP-2 for the PrTX-III target (PDB code: 1GMZ) than aristolochic acid and p-BPB. HP-2 previous incubated with the platelets inhibits the aggregation induced by untreated PrTX-III as well as arachidonic acid.Conclusion: HP-2 changes the structure of PrTX-III, inhibiting the enzymatic activity of this enzyme. In addition, PrTX-III platelet aggregant activity was inhibited by treatment with HP-2, p-BPB and aristolochic acid, and these results were corroborated by docking scores.

Potencial larvicida de extratos de plantas regionais no controle de larvas de Aedes Aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae)

Dengue, amongst the virus illnesses one can get by vectorial transmission, is the one that causes more impact in the morbidity and mortality of world s population. The resistance to the insecticides has caused difficulties to control of vector insect (Aedes aegypti) and has stimulated a search for vegetables with larvicidal activity. The biodiversity of Caatinga is barely known and it is potential of use even less. Some plants of this biome are commercialized in free fairs northeast of Brazil, because of its phytotherapics properties. The vegetables in this study had been selected by means of a questionnaire applied between grass salesmen and natives of the Serido region from Rio Grande do Norte state; culicids eggs had been acquired with traps and placed in container with water for the larva birth. Thirty larvae had been used in each group (a group control and five experimental groups), with four repetitions four times. The vegetables had been submitted to the processes of decoction, infusion and maceration in the standard concentration of 100g of the vegetable of study in 1l of H2O and analyzed after ½, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours for verification of the average lethal dose (LD50) from the groups with thirty larva. The LD50 was analyzed in different concentrations (50g/l, 100g/l, 150g/l, 200g/l e 300g/l) of Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. 48 extracts of rind, leaf and stem of the seven vegetal species: Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart., Mimosa verrucosa Benth, Mimosa hostilis (Mart.) Benth., Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão, Ximenia americana L, Bumelia sartorum Mart Zizyphus joazeiro Mart, had been analyzed. The extracts proceeding from the three methods were submitted to the freezedrying, to evaluate and to quantify substances extracted in each process. The results had shown that Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. and Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão are the species that are more distinguished as larvicidal after 24 hours of experiment, in all used processes of extraction in the assays. The Zizyphus joazeiro Mart species has not shown larvicidal activity in none of the assays. In relation to the extraction method, the decoction was the most efficient method in the mortality tax of the A. aegypti larvae

The flora and vegetation in an area of the Caatinga in Taperuaba, Sobral, Ceará state, Brazil

The Caatinga, covering about 800.000 km2, is the predominant vegetation type of the semi-arid region of Brazil. The Caatinga biome comprises several phytophysiognomies and floristic compositions, with many endemic species, especially in Fabaceae, Cactaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Bignoniaceae e Combretaceae. Despite considerable advances, the Brazilian semi-arid needs more studies and inventories of biodiversity, especially the Ceará state. On the basis of these considerations, the present study aims to identify the flora and vegetation, in order to characterize the phytophysiognomy in an area of the Caatinga, in locality of Taperuaba, municipality of Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. Field work was conducted in March 2015 and 2016 respectively, in three transects. The life-forms were established in accordance of Raunkiaer´s system. The floristic list is composed of 87 species, distributed in 66 genera and 36 families. The flora comprises 22 Brazilian endemic species. The most representative family was Fabaceae with 15 species, followed by Malvaceae (7) Convolvulaceae (6), Euphorbiaceae (5) and Poaceae (5). The biological spectrum had a high proportion of therophytes (29,9%), chamaephytes (29,9%) and phanerophytes (26,4%). In the area were identified two phytophysiognomies: outcrops communities highlighting succulent phanerophytes (Pilosocereus chrysostele (Vaupel) Byles & G.D. Rowley subsp. cearensis P.J. Braun & Esteves and P. gounellei (F.A.C. Weber) Byles & Rowley), chamaephytes (Encholirium spectabile Mart. ex Schult. & Schult. f. and Lepidaploa chalybaea (Mart. ex DC.) H. Rob.) and therophytes (Mitracarpus baturitensis Sucre), mixed with communities including small trees and shrubs on deeper soil, composed of Cereus jamacaru DC., a succulent phanerophyte, and many woody phanerophytes, such as Cordia oncocalyx Allemão, Crateva trapia L., Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth., M. tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir., Poincianella bracteosa (Tul.) L.P. Queiroz and P. pyramidalis (Tul.) L.P. Queiroz.

Leguminosae na Unidade de Conservação Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Pedra da Andorinha, Sobral, Ceará, Brasil

Leguminosae com cerca de 650 gêneros e 19.000 espécies compreende a terceira maior família de angiospermas, superada apenas por Orchidaceae (20.000 spp.) e Asteraceae (24.000 spp.). Para o Brasil, são citados 222 gêneros e 2.803 espécies distribuídas nos diversos domínios fitogeográficos, e para região Nordeste estão registradas 1.085 espécies em 168 gêneros. No Ceará, são reportadas 340 espécies em 105 gêneros, dos quais Mimosa L. (26 spp.) é o mais diversificado. No bioma Caatinga, é a principal família de fanerógamas com 83 gêneros e 354 espécies, muitas das quais com diversas potencialidades de uso. Em virtude da importância deste táxon no contexto do semiárido, objetivou-se com este trabalho catalogar as Leguminosae ocorrentes em uma área de Caatinga no distrito de Taperuaba, Sobral, Ceará. O estudo foi realizado na Unidade de Conservação Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Pedra da Andorinha, localizada a 70 km da sede municipal e possuindo aproximadamente 600 ha. A área é composta por Caatinga em duas fitofisionomias: uma terrícola e outra rupícola. As expedições de coletas foram realizadas entre março/2015 e março/2016. Os espécimes foram identificados com o auxílio de literatura e sites especializados. O material encontra-se depositado no acervo do Herbário Prof. Francisco José de Abreu Matos (HUVA). Foram catalogadas 15 espécies em oito gêneros: Mimosa (4 spp.), Chamaecrista Moench (3 spp.), Poincianella Britton & Rose (2 spp.). Bauhinia L., Centrosema (DC.) Benth., Desmodium Desv., Senna Mill., Stylosanthes Sw. e Zornia J.F. Gmel. apresentaram uma espécie cada. Dentre as espécies coletadas, duas apresentam propriedades medicinais: B. forficata (Vogel) Fortunato & Wunderlin e M. tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. Centrosema pascuorum Mart. ex Benth, Mimosa pudica (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) DC., Stylosathes humilis Kunth e Zornia cearensis Huber são tratadas como invasoras de cultivos. Entre as espécies com alto potencial forrageiro, estão Chamaecrista linearis (H.S. Irwin & Barneby) Afr. Fern. & E.P. Nunes e Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC. Por outro lado, Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, é tóxica aos bovinos. Alguns estudos ainda sugerem que os extratos das raízes de Poincianella bracteosa (Tul.) L.P. Queiroz possuem atividade biológica sobre larvas de Aedes aegypti. Diante dos resultados, verificou-se que Leguminosae é a família mais representativa da área de estudo e que 11 espécies apresentaram algum uso ou potencialidade econômica.

Cover Crops and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Nitrogen Soil Fractions under Corn Cultivation in a No-Tillage System.

ABSTRACT: The use of cover crops has recently increased and represents an essential practice for the sustainability of no-tillage systems in the Cerrado region. However, there is little information on the effects of nitrogen fertilization and cover crop use on nitrogen soil fractions. This study assessed changes in the N forms in soil cropped to cover crops prior to corn growing. The experiment consisted of a randomized complete block design arranged in split-plots with three replications. Cover crops were tested in the plots, and the N topdressing fertilization was assessed in the subplots. The following cover species were planted in succession to corn for eight years: Urochloa ruziziensis, Canavalia brasiliensis M. ex Benth, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp, and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. After corn harvesting, the soil was sampled at depths of 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m. The cover crops showed different effects at different soil depths. The soil cultivated with U. ruziziensis showed higher contents of total-N and particulate-N than the soil cultivated with C. cajan. Particulate-N was the most sensitive to changes in the soil management among the fractions of N assessed. The soil under N topdressing showed a lower content of available-N in the 0.10-0.20 m layer, which may be caused by the season in which the sampling was conducted or the greater uptake of the available-N by corn.

Changes in the spatial distribution of tree species in a terra firme rain forest in Brazilian Amazonia after logging.

The objective of this paper was to determine changes in the spatial distribution of tree species in a logged compared to an unlogged forest of the Tapajos National Forest in the municipality of Belterra, State of Para, Brazil, over an eight-year period. The distribution pattern was determined for trees> 5 cm dbh and, also, for trees > 30 cm dbh. The relationship (a quadrate method) discussed by McGinnis was selected to be used in this study. Forty-seven percent of species with trees > 5 cm dbh showed clumped distribution in the studied forests. Geissospermwn sericeunz Benth & Hook., Minquartia guianensis Aubl., Poureria bilocularis (H. Winkler) Bachni, Protium guacayantan Cuatrec, Sclerolobium chrysophyllunz Poepp. et Endl. and the Sapotaceae family (9 species) occurred in clumps of small trees (5 cm 5 dbh < 30 cm) and big trees (dbh > 30 cm) in both the logged and undisturbed forest. Trees in all sizes of these species certainly have aggregation characteristics in different light condition's during the whole growth-cycle. Only Sclerolobium cizzysophylltan out of fourteen species that occurred aggregated in all forest conditions was light demanding. The shade-tolerant Lecythis lurida (Miers) Mori and Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Stand!. showed also aggregated distribution for small and big trees in the unlogged forest. An aggregated distribution is not always directly correlated to abundance, considering that most of the clumped species had less than seven trees per hectare.

Levantamento e distribuição das espécies de Dalbergia L.f. para o estado do Pará.

O gênero Dalbergia L.f., pertencente à família Leguminosae-papilionoideae, compreende cerca de 250 espécies. Muitas são cultivadas por variadas finalidades, como Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth. (Jacarandá-cabiúna) e Dalbergia spruceana Benth. (Jacarandá) para produção de madeira; Dalbergia subcymosa Ducke (Verônica) pelo uso medicinal e Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub (Rabo-de-bugio) para produção de própolis vermelha. Dessa forma, objetivou-se realizar um levantamento das espécies de Dalbergia para o estado do Pará. Para tanto, as informações foram extraídas do acervo do Herbário IAN utilizando o sistema BRAHMS (Botanical Research And Herbarium Management System) e da plataforma online SpeciesLink filtrando os registros para o estado do Pará e para o gênero Dalbergia. O mapa de distribuição foi feito através da ferramenta mapCRIA da plataforma SpeciesLink utilizando as coordenadas geográficas de coleta. A partir do levantamento constatou-se a presença predominante de Dalbergia monetaria L.f. (Verônica) e Dalbergia inundata Spruce ex Benth (Cabiúna-de-estribo) no acervo das bases de dados. Em relação aos locais de coleta, Santarém apresentou maior número de registros, seguido de Oriximiná e Bragança. Outro fator relacionado é o adensamento de espécies em áreas de influência fluvial. Logo, foi possível demonstrar a biodiversidade das espécies no estado, a qual poderá contribuir com estudos botânicos e revisões taxonômicas do referido gênero na região.

Caracterização macroscópica de cincos espécies madeireiras de Leguminoseae disponíveis na xiloteca da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, PA.

Identificação taxonômica é o meio mais seguro para a comercialização de madeiras, pois o constante estudo sobres as espécies comerciais são essenciais para se evitar enganos nas transações comerciais. O trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar espécies de madeiras comerciais de leguminoseae. As amostras foram selecionadas na xiloteca da EMBRAPA e descritas macroscopicamente. As espécies selecionadas foram as Alexa grandiflora Ducke, Diplotropis purpurea (Rich.) Amsh, Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd, Hymenolobium excelsum Ducke, e Parkia pendula (Willd.) Benth. ex Walp. O parênquima mais frequente foi do tipo aliforme losangular; a visibilidade dos parênquimas e dos poros apresentaram-se visíveis a olho nu na maioria; frequência dos poros entre poucos e muito poucos, com exceção da D. odorata que eram numerosos; ocorrência de estratificação dos raios somente nas espécies de H. excelsum e D. odorata. Como são madeiras com um intenso fluxo de comercialização, a descrição macro de seus caracteres taxonômicos podem auxiliar a evitar nomenclatura equivocadas dessas especies de grande representatividade no estado.