Aspects physionomiques de la végétation halo résistante et halophile du Nord et du Sud de l’Algérie occidentale

On se propose, à travers cette étude de cartographier la végétation halo résistante et halophile de deux zones de l’Algérie occidentale l’une au Nord (région de Hammam Boughrara) et l’autre au Sud (région du Chott El-Gharbi). Une comparaison de ces deux zones d’un point de vue physionomique a été menée, afin de mettre en évidence la diversité phytoécologique de ces peuplements. Les données bioclimatiques montrent que les zones d’étude sont toutes deux caractérisées par une longue période de sécheresse estivale variant de 6 à 7 mois. D’un autre côté, l’approche édaphique montre une texture limono-sableuse à sableuse aussi bien au Nord qu’au Sud. Par contre la salinité est nettement plus accentuée au Sud atteignant 1350 μ.S/cm. La carte physionomique de la végétation de la zone nord fait apparaitre la dominance de formations pures à Tamarix gallica L. (27,13%) ou à Atriplex halimus L. (37,99%), et de formations en mosaïques, où les deux genres se trouvent mêlés (16,87%). Au niveau de la zone sud deux grandes unités physionomiques se distinguent: les groupements à Salsola vermiculata L. (24 %) et les groupements à Lygeum spartum L. (6 %). Les groupements à Artemisia herba– alba Asso. occupent par contre de petites surfaces (2 %) de qualité moyenne à médiocre. Les peuplements à Arthrocnemum glaucum (Del.) Ung. quant à eux, se répartissent tout autour de la daya du Chott El-Gharbi, où la salinité est à son maximum, en constituant un tapis végétal assez dense (1 %).

(Table 2) Lipid fluxes derived from sediment trap samples

Phytoplankton is a sentinel of marine ecosystem change. Composed by many species with different life-history strategies, it rapidly responds to environment changes. An analysis of the abundance of 54 phytoplankton species in Galicia (NW Spain) between 1989 and 2008 to determine the main components of temporal variability in relation to climate and upwelling showed that most of this variability was stochastic, as seasonality and long term trends contributed to relatively small fractions of the series. In general, trends appeared as non linear, and species clustered in 4 groups according to the trend pattern but there was no defined pattern for diatoms, dinoflagellates or other groups. While, in general, total abundance increased, no clear trend was found for 23 species, 14 species decreased, 4 species increased during the early 1990s, and only 13 species showed a general increase through the series. In contrast, series of local environmental conditions (temperature, stratification, nutrients) and climate-related variables (atmospheric pressure indices, upwelling winds) showed a high fraction of their variability in deterministic seasonality and trends. As a result, each species responded independently to environmental and climate variability, measured by generalized additive models. Most species showed a positive relationship with nutrient concentrations but only a few showed a direct relationship with stratification and upwelling. Climate variables had only measurable effects on some species but no common response emerged. Because its adaptation to frequent disturbances, phytoplankton communities in upwelling ecosystems appear less sensitive to changes in regional climate than other communities characterized by short and well defined productive periods.

(Table 3, Page 417) Table 3. The concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Ag, Mn and Fe in a soluble in 1M HCl fraction of ferromanganese nodules of Slupsk Furrow in the southern Baltic sea

The concentration of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Ag, Mn, Fe, Ca, Mg, K and Na in molluscs Macoma balthica, Mya arenaria, Cardium glaucum, Mytilus edulis and Astarte borealis from the southern Baltic was determined. The surface sediments and ferromanganese concretions associated with the molluscs were also analysed for concentration of these metals. Species- and region-dependent differences in the metal levels of the organisms were observed. The properties of molluscs analysed which have a tendency toward elevated biological tolerance of selected trace metals were specified. The interelement relationship between metal concentrations in the soft tissue and the shell was estimated and was discussed.

Dinâmica da regeneração natural de áreas em restauração pela transposição de solo superficial de cerrado e de floresta estacional

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, 2015.

RESPONSE OF LOCALLY ADAPTED PEARL MILLET POPULATIONS TO S1 PROGENY RECURRENT SELECTION FOR GRAIN YIELD AND RESISTANCE TO RUST

In the semi-arid zones of Uganda, pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is mainly grown for food and income; but rust (Puccinia substriata var indica (L.) R. Br.) is the main foliar constraint lowering yield. The objective of the study was to genetically improve grain yield and rust resistance of two locally adapted populations (Lam and Omoda), through two cycles of modified phenotypic S1 progeny recurrent selection. Treatments included three cycles of two locally adapted pearl millet populations, evaluated at three locations. Significant net genetic gain for grain yield (72 and 36%) were achieved in Lam and Omoda populations, respectively. This led to grain yield of 1,047 from 611 kg ha-1 in Lam population and 943 from 693 kg ha-1 in Omoda population. Significant improvement in rust resistance was achieved in the two populations, with a net genetic gain of -55 and -71% in Lam and Omoda populations, respectively. Rust severity reduced from 30 to 14% in Lam population and from 57 to 17% in Omoda population. Net positive genetic gains of 68 and 8% were also achieved for 1000-grain weight in Lam and Omoda, respectively. Traits with a net negative genetic gain in both populations were days to 50% flowering, days to 50% anthesis, days to 50% physiological maturity, flower-anthesis interval, plant height and leaf area.