Assessing Bacillus subtilis biosurfactant effects on the biodegradation of petroleum products

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Petroleum products biodegradation profile similarity evaluated by F test comparison of weekly CO2 production

Strategies applied to bioremediation contaminated environments are necessary to identify limitations towards biodegradation and to predict remediation performance and thereby rule out technologies that may be inappropriate for the clean-up of the substances of concern. Respirometry applied to bioremediation offers a series of advantages for obtaining CO2 production data when compared to other procedures. It was possible to determinate information regarding the atmosphere's CO2 concentration inside a respirometer containing petroleum products. Afterwards, the CO2 data obtained underwent an in depth statistical analysis by F test. There are some noticeable biodegradation similarity among some substances, such as weathered motor oil and gasoline. Such data provides reliability when revealing important information about how the biodegradation processes happens in those residual oils.

Pyrostegia venusta heptane extract containing saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons induces apoptosis on B16F10-Nex2 melanoma cells and displays antitumor activity in vivo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Contaminação das águas subterrâneas por resíduos de postos de combustíveis: uma abordagem no município de Rio Claro

The contamination of underground waters is a subject of great importance, since a lot of people use this kind of source for public supply. This paperwork manages with how gas stations can contaminate these waters and what are some remediation techniques, used nowadays to solve this problem. The contamination caused by the gas stations can have its origin in the underground storage tanks when they suffer corrosion and show leaking problems. It’s a topic of great relevance, because the hydrocarbons derivated from petroleum present in the fuels can stay for a long time in the environment. Besides that, an analyses of the risk of contamination by gas stations in the city of Rio Claro was made based on three parameters: density of the gas stations, depth of the underground water and hydraulic conductivity. To achieve such goal, maps were elaborated considering those parameters individually and considering the three of them together. Analyzing those maps, it was concluded see that the spots that represent the biggest risks of contamination in Rio Claro are located southeast and center-west.

Avaliação do potencial genotóxico e mutagênico do efluente de uma refinaria de petróleo e dos rios sob sua influência, por meio de bioensaios com Oreochromis niloticus (Perciformes, Cichlidae)

The petrochemical industry represents a sector of intense activity, in constant expansion and great economic importance for Brazil. In order to be used in various human activities petroleum needs to suffer a refinement process that, besides requiring large amounts of water, produces large amounts of wastes, which are discharged in hydric resources. Petroleum is a complex mixture mainly comprised by hydrocarbons, many of them are recognized as toxic chemicals, which are able to induce a considerable environmental pollution. Since water is an important resource for the maintenance of ecosystems and is also the final receiver of effluent discharges of the petroleum industry, there is an imminent need to monitor, constantly, the hydric resources that are influenced by this industrial activity, so that it can be ensured the environmental health. This study aimed, mainly, to analyze the quality of water samples derived from refinement process performed of the largest petroleum refinery in Brazil (REPLAN), in distinct steps of the industry treatment, and waters of rivers associated to its activity. Micronuclei and Nuclear Abnormalities tests were performed in erythrocytes of the fish species Oreochromis niloticus exposed to water samples derived from refinery use and to rivers under the influence of their effluents, in order to evaluate its possible toxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects. The results obtained show that the treatment carried out by the refinery, during the evaluated periods, was effective, since the substances present in the water samples did not induce significant genotoxic and/or mutagenic alterations in the genetic material of the test organisms. On the other hand, when the substances present in the refinery effluent mix with the ones derived from other industrial activities developed upstream of this industry, the resultant compound, in some periods, presented genotoxic potencial, characterized by a rise of erythrocytic...

Aspectos petrográficos dos carbonatos da Formação Riachuelo - Albiano, bacia de Sergipe

The carbonatic rocks have great importance in petroleum geology, since most hydrocarbons reservoirs in the world are associated to this kind of rock. The new giant petroleum fields discovered in the Brazilian southeast Atlantic margin are directly connected to calcareous rocks, which are subjacent to the Aptian evaporite pack. This demand an increase in the number of geologists able to study such deposits. The Aptian carbonatic platform is completely exposed only in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. Therefore, it works as a natural laboratory to the study and understanding of this kind of rock. The Sergipe Basin is situated in the east Brazilian coast, and has its evolutional history is intimately related to the formation of the South Atlantic Ocean, through the break-up of the Gondwana supercontinent. The marine sequence of the Brazilian marginal basins is of Albian age and is marked by the development of carbonatic platforms. In doing so, this paper aims to analyze the Albian limestones from Riachuelo Formation of the Sergipe Basin. The project gave to the student the opportunity to increase his knowledge in carbonates, due to the laboratory and outdoor activities. The studied deposits, within a regional outline, were petrografically described, allowing interpretations about the evolution of the former South Atlantic Ocean. Ten points were visited where samples were collected for making of thin sheets. In this work several carbonatic facies were identified totaling 116 laminates described.

Interpretação tectono-estratigráfica do reservatório Quissamã (Eo-meso-albiano) nos campos de Pampo, Bicudo e Bonito, Bacia de Campos

Hydrocarbon accumulations occur in marine carbonate reservoirs of Quissamã Formation (early to midlle Albian), southwest Campos Basin. We investigated Pampo, Bicudo and Bonito fields, in order to understand the tectono-structural framework of oncolite/bioclast coarse-grained calcarenite reservoir and the calcilutite-marl-shale sealing interval (Late Albian to Turonian). The database of eleven wells from those fields allowed to elaborate structural sections correlating the Macaé Group – both Quissamã reservoir and Outeiro seal, the latter corresponding to the tectonic deepening phase of basin evolution. Based on density and electric logs, it was prepared structural sections of the carbonate reservoirs with consequent identification of porous zones and oil-water contacts. An extensive 3-D seismic database (~300 Km2) allowed to map three reflectors which represent the limiting units of Macaé Group

Caracterização tectono-sedimentar do Grupo Lagoa Feia (Eocretáceo) no Campo de Pampo, sudoeste da Bacia de Campos

The Lagoa Feia Group (Early Cretaceous) is widely distributed around the Campos Basin, forming deep prospects in the basin. It has two large coquinas platforms shellfish, and the lower deck constituent important reservoir in the southwestern of this basin, a producer of oil in the trend-Badejo-Linguado-Pampo. Due to the rising national energy demand is necessary to see the incorporation of technical knowledge and training of human resources in the knowledge of petroleum reservoirs. In this sense, the Pampo Field, as well as other fields of the trend, fall as interesting target area for study. Accumulations of hydrocarbons are partitioning structural - stratigraphic only for the three fields. They are mixed origin of traps, with influence of structural, stratigraphic and diagenetic. With the development of catchment areas of the latter condition has manifested itself in such a way to verify parts with nonproducing wells, which are observed in the intervals coquinas are closed, with reduced thickness and / or low quality porous. The understanding of these accumulations, by testing structural, stratigraphic and reservoir and the use of geological and geophysical techniques, will bring a better understanding of the portions relating to economic accumulation or subeconomic development of hydrocarbons in this region, contributing to the scientific knowledge of the Pampo Field.

Off-line TMAH-GC/MS and NMR characterization of humic substances extracted from river sediments of northwestern Sao Paulo under different soil uses

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The Cuticular Hydrocarbons Profiles in the Colonial Recognition of the Neotropical Eusocial Wasp, Mischocyttarus cassununga (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Determination of water insoluble dyes used as marking of commercial petroleum products using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

This paper describes an analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separationcoupled with electrochemical detection to detect three dyes, Solvent Blue 14 (SB-14), Solvent Blue 35 (SB-35) andSolvent Red 24 (SR-24). The dyes were eluted and separated using a reversed-phase column (C-8) under isocraticelution with the mobile phase containing a mixture of acetonitrile/ammonium acetate (5.0 mmol L1) at the ratio of75: 25 (v/v). Two sample pretreatment methods were tested and successfully applied to quantify SB14, SB-35 and SR-24 dyes in gasoline samples. The proposed method was simple, fast and suitable to detect and quantify marker dyes ingasoline sample at low concentration.

Biosurfactants production by yeasts using soybean oil and glycerol as low cost substrate

Biosurfactants are bioactive agents that can be produced by many different microorganisms. Among those, special attention is given to yeasts, since they can produce many types of biosurfactants in large scale, using several kinds of substrates, justifying its use for industrial production of those products. For this production to be economically viable, the use of residual carbon sources is recommended. The present study isolated yeasts from soil contaminated with petroleum oil hydrocarbons and assessed their capacity for producing biosurfactants in low cost substrates. From a microbial consortium enriched, seven yeasts were isolated, all showing potential for producing biosurfactants in soybean oil. The isolate LBPF 3, characterized as Candida antarctica, obtained the highest levels of production - with a final production of 13.86 g/L. The isolate LBPF 9, using glycerol carbon source, obtained the highest reduction in surface tension in the growth medium: approximately 43% of reduction after 24 hours of incubation. The products obtained by the isolates presented surfactant activity, which reduced water surface tension to values that varied from 34 mN/m, obtained from the product of isolates LBPF 3 and 16 LBPF 7 (respectively characterized as Candida antarctica and Candida albicans) to 43 mN/m from the isolate LPPF 9, using glycerol as substrate. The assessed isolates all showed potential for the production of biosurfactants in conventional sources of carbon as well as in agroindustrial residue, especially in glycerol.

Sistemas petrolíferos especulativos da bacia de Pelotas (offshore do Uruguai)

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Cuticular Hydrocarbons as Chemotaxonomic Characters for Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky) and N. ephratae (Holmgren) (Isoptera: Termitidae)

Forty-four cuticular hydrocarbon components from workers of the termites Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky) and N. ephratae (Holmgren) from three localities in Panama were characterized by capillary gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry. Both species contain qualitatively identical homologous series of n-alkanes; 2-, 3-, 11-,13-,14-, and 15-methylalkanes; 11,15-, 12,16-, and 13,17-dimethylalkanes; and 11,15,19- and 13, 17,21-trimethylalkanes. Both species also contain a single alkene, 9-hentriacontene. The two species, however, are readily distinguished chemically by differences among the relative abundances of 11 of their major hydrocarbon components.

Chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the fat tissue of seabirds from King George Island, Antarctica

Antarctic Brazilian Program (PROANTAR)