Periodontal Diseases in Tanzania

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kuvata hampaiden kiinnityskudossairauksien esiintyvyyttä ja suuhygieniatottumuksia Tansaniassa. Viiden eri tutkimuksen avulla kartoitettiin suuhygieniatottumuksia, kiinnityskudosten tilaa, kiinnityskudossairauksien riskitekijöitä ja hoidon tarvetta (CPITN) sekä ienvetäymiä. Tutkimukset toteutettiin eri paikkakunnilla vuosien 1987 ja 2003 välillä. Tutkittavat valittiin satunnaisesti tai harkitusti; tutkittavien määrä vaihteli 201:stä 1764:ään. Aineistot kerättiin kysymyslomakkeilla ja kliinisten tutkimusten avulla. Kliinisesti mitattiin plakin, hammaskiven ja ienten verenvuodon määrä, ientaskujen syvyys, ienvetäymien laajuus ja puuttuvien hampaiden lukumäärä. Tutkimusvälineinä käytettiin peiliä, Williamsin ja WHO:n ientaskumittareita. Muoviharjaksista hammasharjaa ilmoitti käyttävänsä 51,5-97,8% tutkituista. Ns. harjaustikun käyttö vaihteli paljon: 0,9-32,0 %. Plakkia löydettiin 65-100 %:lla tutkituista. Hammaskiveä oli suurimmalla osalla tutkituista. Myös ienverenvuotoa löytyi valtaosalta (79-100%). Ienverenvuotoa oli enemmän miehillä kuin naisilla sekä alhaisemman koulutustason omaavilla. Neljäkymmentä vuotta täyttäneiltä löydettiin 4–5 mm:n syvyisiä ientaskuja 82,1 %:lta ja ≥ 6 mm:n taskuja 43,8 %:lta. Suun terveystottumusten ohjaamiseen oli tarvetta yli 90 %:lla, hammaskiven poistoon ja juurten pinnan tasoitukseen yli 80%:lla. Yleisimmät riskitekijät kiinnityskudossairauksille olivat ikä (≥ 35 vuotta), miessukupuoli, alhainen koulutustaso, plakin, hammaskiven ja ientulehduksen määrä sekä asuminen maaseudulla. Ienvetäymiä (≥ 4 mm) löytyi noin 54%:lla tutkituista. Ienvetäymiä oli useammin miehillä kuin naisilla ja ne olivat yhteydessä ikään sekä hammaskiven ja ienverenvuodon esiintymiseen. Suuhygieniataso tutkituilla henkilöillä oli huono ja ienvetäymien esiintyvyys korkea. Syviä ientaskuja löytyi kuitenkin harvoilta tutkituilta. Riskitekijät kiinnityskudossairauksille olivat ikä, miessukupuoli, alhainen koulutustaso, plakin, hammaskiven ja ientulehduksen määrä sekä asuminen maaseudulla. Ienvetäymien riskit olivat ikä, miessukupuoli, hammaskivi ja ienverenvuoto

Atividades educativas aos portadores de periodontite crônica: escuta e troca de saberes no autocuidado em saúde bucal

This research aimed at evaluating oral health education activities for Periodontitis carriers, emphasizing the motivation for self-care and understanding the cultural aspects involved. This was a qualitative and quantitative study. Based on the qualitative referential, 20 interviews were done, in which differences between scientific and popular explicative models of the health-illness process were verified, besides the increased knowledge and motivation in relation to the use of preventive measures and also the fails in the understanding of the chronic character of periodontitis, enhancing frustration and guilty feelings in the patients. Two groups were structured: intervention and control. The intervention group was submitted to clinical attendance and education activities, while the control group undergone the traditional clinical attendance only. The sample consisted of 51 participants of intervention group and 47 of control group. Structured interviews were conducted at the beginning and at the end of the treatment in order to evaluate the knowledge and motivation for self-care in both groups. For comparison between the previous and post moments in both groups, there were applied McNemar tests with a probability of p < 0.05. In intervention group there was an increase in knowledge related to the name, the causes and related factors of the disease (p < 0.05). In control group there wasn t a rise in the understanding of the diseases chronic character, unlike in intervention group. However, in what concerns self-care, a greatest frequency in medium and high scores was observed in both groups. By this study, it is conclude that there is a common sense knowledge about the importance of preventive techniques and poor oral health as causing periodontitis; clinical interventions for bearers of chronic Periodontitis do not add values to the patients, regarding the illness, its causes and its chronic character; popular beliefs stay in their imagination, and the patients have a increased motivational capacity for self-care

Saúde bucal: uma revisão crítica sobre programações educativas para escolares

Em saúde bucal, a situação epidemiológica brasileira ainda é grave devido às condições sociais e econômicas da população, à pequena parcela de investimentos que a área recebe em relação ao total do SUS e à falta de informação sobre os cuidados básicos de saúde. Embora a odontologia se mostre muito desenvolvida em tecnologia, não responde em níveis significativos às demandas dos problemas de saúde bucal da população. Nesse contexto, a educação em saúde bucal tem sido cada vez mais requisitada, considerando o baixo custo e as possibilidades de impacto odontológico no âmbito público e coletivo. A importância de práticas preventivas e educativas em saúde bucal nos levou a realizar este estudo, apontando diferentes programas odontológicos, mediante estudo de revisão, para analisá-los em suas propostas, metodologias, possibilidades e limitações, visando refletir sobre o tema com foco nos aspectos educativos que ainda desafiam os programas de saúde bucal. Identificaram-se quatro tendências nos programas analisados. O estudo apontou para a necessidade de se repensar as práticas educativas.

Concentração de flúor nas refeições e saúde bucal de crianças matriculadas em creches públicas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Methods for evaluation of masticatory efficiency in conventional complete denture wearers: a systematized review

The objective of this study was to present a systematized review of different methods used to evaluate the masticatory efficiency in conventional complete denture wearers. A survey was conducted in the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane, seeking scientific articles according to the previously selected terms: "Masticatory performance", "Masticatory efficiency" and "Chewing ability complete denture". Moreover, complementary studies have been carried out with library manual search/databases, which included studies related to different ways to assess masticatory efficiency, specifically as it related to conventional complete denture wearers. Forty three papers were selected to be used in the present review. Despite the wide variety of methodologies in the literature, the sieves method is currently considered the gold standard method to evaluation of conventional complete denture wearers masticatory efficiency, since it is the simplest, does not depend on specific devices (beyond the set of sieves), allows for a rational assessment, and it has been widely reproduced in various types of oral rehabilitation. More, the almond, as natural test food, and the optocal (made from the molding material Optosil), as artificial test food, are the most constantly employed test foods to evaluate masticatory efficiency.

Root-supported overdentures associated with temporary immediate prostheses: a case-report

Complete denture fabrication can be a treatment challenge for many dentists, especially when the patient has remaining teeth. So, planning for use of clinical alternatives to improve the treatment prognosis and to enable greater comfort to patient must be considered. This case report describes the use of remaining roots to aid in the stability, support and retention of root-supported overdentures. Thus, immediate prostheses were planned for temporary rehabilitation prior to definitive overdentures. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the planning of root-supported overdentures attached with a ball system for retention associated with immediate dentures between the periods of preparation to fabrication of the definitive overdentures. The proposed treatment met the patient's needs such as being able to carry on normal activities during the sequencing of procedures to be performed over a period of time. The treatment had longevity with patient's knowledge about the necessity of oral hygiene and periodic controls.

Saúde bucal nas escolas: relato de experiência

The need for a closer contact between students and the community reality, as well as, the necessity of providing an education that can result in social changes early in life were crucial for the development of the Extension Project : Oral Health Education, which was developed in Public Child Care Schools in Araçatuba. The aim of this article is to describe the project, emphasizing its educational aspects and to share this experience in order to allow for reflection about this practice.

Programa de educação e prevenção em saúde bucal nas escolas: análise crítica de publicações nacionais

Objective: To conduct a survey on national databases about Oral Health Program (OHP) publications in schools, in the last eleven years. Material and Methods: A survey was conducted in two main bases of national publications in the field of dentistry: Bireme and Scielo. To start the research, it was used the articles theme/subject. In the search, it was used the keywords 'oral health education', 'programs and oral health and dentistry', 'programs and oral health and education'. Results: A total of 20 publications were selected. From these, seven (35%) had the aim to evaluate educational methods used in OHP, 12 (60%) evaluated the effectiveness of the OHP itself developed in the school and one (5%) reported the experience of OHP. Only two publications did not get positive results and the other eighteen obtained advantageous results. Conclusion: In the national scientific literature, there are few publications about the subject in question, suggesting that the successful experiences about OHP in schools must be published to be replicated in other parts of Brazil.

Educación para la salud bucal mediante el uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TICs) : experiencia de las cátedras Clínica del Paciente Discapacitado y Práctica Profesional Supervisada

La educación superior en el siglo XXI va más allá de la simple transferencia de conocimientos donde el estudiante es un receptor pasivo y el rol activo lo desempeña el docente. Hoy la co-construcción de los conocimientos con los alumnos resulta una estrategia enriquecedora para ambos, más aún cuando las actividades pedagógicas que se planteen tengan como uno de sus receptores a la propia comunidad. La experiencia que se relata intenta complementar saberes universitarios, mediarlos a diferentes destinatarios, desarrollar capacidades para producirlos y utilizarlos adecuadamente a grupos definidos que requieren la información que se imparte. La tecnología digital en los escenarios pedagógico-didácticos no se limita exclusivamente a los ámbitos informáticos, virtuales o de elearning. Resulta una herramienta excelente para llegar a grupos poblacionales diversos. Así es que se que expresa una experiencia realizada entre las cátedras Clínica del Paciente Discapacitado y PrácticaProfesional Supervisada de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo en Mendoza, Argentina. Se diseñó una propuesta de promoción de la salud bucal mediante el uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TICs). La misma consistió en la construcción a cargo de los alumnos de páginas web como instrumento de educación de la salud bucal dirigidas a grupos de riesgo con discapacidad, sus familias y profesionales odontólogos que atienden a estos pacientes.

[strategies For Tackling Absenteeism In Dental Appointments In The Family Health Units Of A Large Municipality: Action Research].

The aim of this study was to analyze the reasons for missed appointments in dental Family Health Units (FHU) and implement strategies to reduce same through action research. This is a study conducted in 12 FHUs in Piracicaba in the State of São Paulo from January, 1 to December, 31 2010. The sample was composed of 385 users of these health units who were interviewed over the phone and asked about the reasons for missing dental appointments, as well as 12 dentists and 12 nurses. Two workshops were staged with professionals: the first to assess the data collected in interviews and develop strategy, and the second for evaluation after 4 months. The primary cause for missed appointments was the opening hours of the units coinciding with the work schedule of the users. Among the strategies suggested were lectures on oral health, ongoing education in team meetings, training of Community Health Agents, participation in therapeutic groups and partnerships between Oral Health Teams and the social infrastructure of the community. The adoption of the single medical record was the strategy proposed by professionals. The strategies implemented led to a 66.6% reduction in missed appointments by the units and the motivating nature of the workshops elicited critical reflection to redirect health practices.

A comparison of the dental health of Brazilian and Canadian independently living elderly

Objective: To compare the dental status of Brazilian and Canadian elderly populations with respect to socioeconomic and quality of life factors. Materials and methods: A total of 496 adults aged 60-75 years, having four or more teeth, and physically and cognitively suitable for a clinical oral examination were included. Subjects answered questions concerning their lifestyle and completed the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) questionnaire. Results: In all populations, the majority were females, aged between 60 and 65 years and married. Although the Canadian New Immigrant population had lower mean income, they had more remaining teeth (23.04 +/- 6.1), more functional teeth (sound and restored teeth) (14.92 +/- 5.7), more sound teeth (15.40 +/- 7.6), but more carious teeth (2.97 +/- 3.0). The Brazilian population had higher numbers of restored teeth (12.26 +/- 6.8) and fewer remaining teeth (17.80 +/- 7.6). In all populations, females, married and younger (60-65 years old) adults were more likely to retain 20 or more teeth. The mean GOHAI scores were similar for Canadians (40.55 +/- 5.7) and Canadian New Immigrants (39.28 +/- 6.5), but were higher than that among Brazilians (31.97 +/- 8.9). Conclusions: The numbers of remaining teeth were related to greater education and higher income status for Brazilian and Canadian populations. However, Canadian New Immigrants with lower income and education retained more teeth than the other populations.

Physical education undergraduates and dental trauma knowledge

The aim of the present study was to assess the level of knowledge of undergraduates from the College of Physical Education (Toledo, Aracatuba) concerning dental avulsion injuries. Data showed that 95% of the respondents did not know what dental avulsion is, 73.5% said they know how to define dental replantation, however, only 26% were able to do it correctly. When asked about first emergency measures after an avulsion, 50% of the respondents said they know what they should do, and the most cited measure was to seek a dentist. When asked about optimal storage media, 45.5% would keep it in a favorable one, and 28% did not know where to keep the tooth until treatment. Only 25.6% indicated a suitable extra-oral time for replantation; 90.3% of the respondents had received no advice about the emergency management of dental avulsion; 90% said they consider this an important and necessary subject. The results indicated that educational campaigns are necessary to improve the emergency management of dental injuries by those future P.E. professors for a better prognosis of dental replantation.

Características epidemiológicas relativas à doença dental e infecção por Helicobacter pylori na cavidade oral de estudantes em Belém-Pará

A infecção pela Helicobacter pylori é uma das mais comuns em humanos e apesar de possuir tropismo pelo estômago, pode ser encontrada na cavidade oral, mantendo uma relação comensal com o hospedeiro, enquanto a cárie dental também é uma doença infecciosa e resulta do metabolismo da placa bacteriana. Ambas as infecções apresentam alta prevalência em países em desenvolvimento, pois estas populações estão mais expostas a fatores ambientais de risco, e normalmente são adquiridas durante a infância. A prevalência destas infecções foi investigada na cavidade oral de escolares assintomáticos para doenças gástricas, provenientes de uma população de Belém-Pa, relacionando-se a alguns parâmetros de higiene e saúde bucal, condição socioeconômica e fatores de susceptibilidade genética como os grupos sanguíneos ABO e Lewis. Foram investigados 104 indivíduos, com idade média de 17 anos. De todos os participantes foram coletadas amostras de saliva e placa dental. A saliva foi coletada para identificação do estado secretor ABO e Lewis e estimação dos parâmetros salivares, e ambas, saliva e placa dental, foram coletadas para analise molecular dos genes 16S RNAr da H. pylori e FUT2. A H. pylori foi detectada em 79,8% dos escolares, com freqüência de 66,35% na placa dental e 58,65% na saliva. A prevalência de cárie foi de 82,8% na população estudada. A avaliação clínica da saúde bucal mostrou que o CPO-D médio encontrado foi de 3,53. Observou-se que a experiência de cárie tende a aumentar à medida que acresce a idade e que a infecção por H. pylori foi maior na primeira infância. O grau de instrução e o número de visitas ao dentista mostraram diferenças significantes em relação a presença de H. pylori. A distribuição fenotípica dos grupos sanguíneos ABO e Lewis não mostrou diferenças significantes entre indivíduos infectados e não-infectados, que expliquem haver maior susceptibilidade genética para infecção por H. pylori e cárie dental. No conjunto desta analise as elevadas freqüências encontradas denotam a necessidade de cuidados e tratamento das doenças dentais, como a cárie e sugere-se que a H. pylori na cavidade oral pode contribuir para a infecção e re-infecção do estômago após tratamento.

Age of First Dental Visit and Predictors for Oral Healthcare Utilisation in Preschool Children

Purpose: To assess the age the of the first dental visit and the association of self-perceived oral health, socioeconomic and clinical indicators with healthcare utilisation in Brazilian preschool children. Materials and Methods: An epidemiological survey with 455 5- to 59-month-old children was conducted on National Children's Vaccination Day in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Data about age and reasons for the first dental visit, healthcare utilisation, socioeconomic status and self-perceived oral health were collected by means of a parental semi-structured questionnaire. Calibrated examiners evaluated the prevalence of dental caries (WHO) and dental trauma. The assessment of the association used Poisson regression models (prevalence ratio; 95% confidence interval [Cl]). Results: A total of 24.2% (95% Cl: 20.3% to 28.4%) of the study sample had already had a first dental visit. Older children, those with dental caries and dental trauma and whose mothers had a higher level of education were more likely to have gone to the dentist. Children of low socioeconomic status were more likely to have visited public than private healthcare services. The reasons for the first dental visit were associated with clinical indicators of the sample. The distribution of utilisation of the types of oral healthcare services (public or private) varied across the socioeconomic groups. Non-white children with dental caries and dental trauma tended to visit a dentist only for treatment reasons. Conclusion: Socioeconomic and clinical indicators are associated with the use of dental services, indicating the need for strategies to promote public health and reorientation of services that facilitate dental access for preschool children.