Consumo de frutose e exercício físico, impacto na síndrome metabólica

In the last two decades, the metabolic syndrome is in focus of many health agencies worldwide. Understanding among the most important glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, other disorders have been framed in this category. The non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis appears to be one of the components of this syndrome. Several studies point to the increased consumption of fructose linked to the onset of sedentary steatohepatitis. From that premise, this review aimed to the search for studies that suggest the role of exercise as an important weapon in the treatment and prevention of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis.

Efeito da suplementação com ácido linoléico conjugado e do treinamento em natação sobre a composição corporal e os parâmetros bioquímicos de ratos Wistar em crescimento

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com ácido linoléico conjugado, associada ao treinamento moderado em natação, sobre a composição corporal, o consumo e a eficiência alimentar, a glicemia, o perfil lipídico e o glicogênio muscular e hepático de ratos Wistar. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar (30 dias) foram divididos em: sedentário, sedentário suplementado, treinado e treinado suplementado. Permaneceram em gaiolas individuais com comida e água ad libitum, temperatura de 23ºC (com variação de1ºC) e ciclo claro-escuro de 12 horas, durante 8 semanas. A sessão de natação durou 1 hora e foi realizada três vezes/semana, bem como a suplementação com ácido linoléico conjugado a 2%. Após sacrifício, o plasma, os tecidos adiposos brancos e o marrom, o músculo gastrocnêmio e o fígado foram coletados e pesados. RESULTADOS: A suplementação per se não promoveu modificação na ingestão alimentar e na massa corporal dos animais. Houve aumento na glicemia de jejum (p<0,05), nas lipoproteínas de alta densidade (p<0,05), no colesterol total (p<0,05) e redução dos triacilgliceróis. A suplementação associada ao treinamento reduziu a massa corporal (p<0,05) e aumentou o peso relativo do tecido adiposo, do fígado e a glicemia de jejum. CONCLUSÃO: A suplementação com ácido linoléico conjugado associada à prática de exercício físico parece ter influência no balanço energético, mas, por outro lado, o aumento no peso do fígado indica que a ingestão deste ácido graxo pode ter efeitos indesejáveis, aumentando as chances de desenvolvimento do fígado gorduroso. Estes achados apontam perspectivas para novos estudos envolvendo análises histológicas do fígado, expressão gênica de enzimas chaves do metabolismo lipídico e de carboidratos, associados ou não a diferentes protocolos de treinamento físico.

Acclimation of broiler chickens to chronic high environmental temperature

The present study was conducted to evaluate the zootechnical parameters and age related changes in physiological responses of broiler chickens exposed to hot environment from early age onwards. The broiler chickens were exposed to high temperature (30 degreesC) at 15 d of age and maintained to Day 38 or maintained under thermoneutral environment (control).No significant decrease in feed consumption (FC) and body weight (BW) gain was observed in high temperature group after 7 d of exposure, but in the subsequent period, heat exposure lowered BW and FC, compared to control group. However, the weight gain was not significantly changed after 24 d of exposure, and the feed efficiency was not affected throughout the experimental period.The venous pCO(2) pressure was only significantly decreased by temperature after 24 d of heat exposure. The glucose, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), triglyceride (TG), glucose, lipid peroxidation (LPO), creatine kinase (CK), and corticosterone were not influenced by the temperature treatment. The significant decrease in uric acid and increase in lactate concentration due to high temperature were observed respectively at 28 and 35 d of age. The concentrations of triiodothyronine (T-3) and thyroxine (T-4) were changed oppositely at 28 d of age, as T-3 was decreased and T-4 was elevated by high temperature. However, the concentration of T-4 in plasma was decreased whereas T-3 was not changed at 38 d of age. The relationships between the blood parameters were changed due to the temperature treatment, suggesting that not only absolute values but also their interrelationships have to be considered when studying the effects of a particular treatment on physiological functioning.These results suggest the growth and physiological responses of broiler chickens, exposed to high temperature from early age onwards, differed at different stages of acclimation. The process of heat acclimation is related to the mode of heat exposure imposed and is not only reflected in the changes in the absolute concentrations, but also in the correlations among the blood indices.

Hepatic lesions in protein-deficient adult rats

Four groups of 10 young adult Wistar male rats were fed ad libitum on a protein-free diet for periods of 7, 28, 56 and 84 days. Control groups were fed on a 20% casein diet. Food intake and body weights of rats were registered. Plasma protein levels and liver weight and fat content were determined. Sections of the caudate lobe were studied histologically. Fatty changes were classified in three grades. Protein-deficient rats exhibited loss of body weight and had low levels of plasma protein concentration. Liver lost weight after 7 days of protein deficiency; there was a gradual reduction in liver weight as periods of protein deprivation were longer. After 7 days, liver fat concentration was not significantly higher than in the respective control group; it was significantly higher in all the other malnourished animals, As periods of protein deprivation were longer, fatty changes became more severe. Other hepatic lesions were found in 5 of the 10 rats submitted to the longest period of protein deficiency. One of the rats showed a diffuse cellular atrophy, 2 animals showed an extensive haemorrhagic necrosis, another showed a focal area of reticulum collapse and the last exhibited a distortion of the normal architecture of the liver due to diffuse reticulum collapse and early nodular regeneration; these 2 last rats showed early fibrosis in portal areas. The findings suggest that other deficiencies may complicate the protein deficiency when rats are given a protein-free diet over prolonged periods. Even if the protein-deficient diet has protective nutrients, it may be that, when rats eat less food, as occurs in prolonged experiments deficiency of one or all of these elements can occur, depending on their relative amount in diet.

Induction pegylated interferon Alfa-2a and high dose ribavirin do not increase SVR in heavy patients with HCV genotype 1 and high viral loads

Background & Aims Patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1, body weight <85 kg, and high baseline viral load respond poorly to standard doses of pegylated interferon (peginterferon) and ribavirin. We evaluated intensified therapy with peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin. Methods This double-blind randomized trial included HCV genotype 1-infected outpatients from hepatology clinics with body weight <85 kg and HCV RNA titer <400,000 IU/mL. Patients were randomized to 180 μg/wk peginterferon alfa-2a for 48 weeks plus 1200 mg/day ribavirin (standard of care) (group A, n = 191) or 1400/1600 mg/day ribavirin (group B, n = 189). Additional groups included 360 μg/wk peginterferon alfa-2a for 12 weeks then 180 μg/wk peginterferon alfa-2a for 36 weeks plus 1200 mg/day ribavirin (group C, n = 382) or 1400/1600 mg/day ribavirin (group D, n = 383). Follow-up lasted 24 weeks after treatment. Results Sustained virologic response rates (HCV RNA level <15 IU/mL at end of follow-up) in groups A, B, C, and D were 38%, 43%, 44%, and 41%, respectively. There were no significant differences among the 4 groups or between pooled peginterferon alfa-2a regimens (A + B vs C + D: odds ratio [OR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.831.39; P = .584) or pooled ribavirin regimens (A + C vs B + D: OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.791.28; P = .974). Conclusions In patients infected with HCV genotype 1 who are difficult to treat (high viral load, body weight <85 kg), a 12-week induction regimen of peginterferon alfa-2a and/or higher-dose ribavirin is not more effective than the standard regimen. © 2010 AGA Institute.

Efeito de um protocolo de treinamento concorrente sobre fatores de risco para o acúmulo de gordura hepática de adolescentes obesos

Study Design: Prospective study Objective: To evaluate the effect of a protocol of concurrent training lasting 16 weeks on risk factors for the accumulation of hepatic fat in obese youth. Methods: 38 obese children and adolescents of both sexes, between 12 and 15 years old. The obesity was attested by the percentage of body fat, which was estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Additionally, the amount of fat located in the trunk (kg) was estimated too. Before and after the intervention, the youths underwent biochemical blood tests (fasting complete lipid profile [mg / dL]) and ultrasonography of the liver (right size Wolves [LD cm] and left [LE in cm]). The intervention consisted of concurrent training (strength training [30 minutes] and endurance training [30 minutes]) with three sessions per week, totaling 180 minutes a week, for ten weeks. Statistical analysis was made by the test t of Student for paired data using SPSS software (17.0) and significance statistical fixed at p <5%. Results: After the intervention, significant improvements were observed in the percentage of total fat (PRE: 45.1 ± 5.3 and POST: 41.7 ± 5.6, p = 0.001) and in the trunk region (PRE: 46, 5 ± 5.6 and POST: 42.9 ± 6.3, p = 0.001). For lipid profile, reduction in total cholesterol (PRE: 164 ± 34 and POST: 148 ± 29, p = 0.001), triglycerides (PRE: 118 ± 59 and POST: 104 ± 53, p = 0.002) and lipoproteins density (PRE: 100 ± 29 and POST: 85 ± 26, p = 0.001), but not for high-density (p = 0.981). Both the LE (PRE: 8.8 ± 1.4 and POST: 7.8 ± 1.3, p = 0.001) and LD (PRE: 13.6 ± 1.3 and POST: 12.9 ± 1, 1, p = 0.001) experienced a decrease in its proportions. Conclusion: The concurrent training was effective in combating some risk factors to the accumulation of fat in the liver, as well as in reducing fat in both lobes of the organ in young obese.

Nursing regimens: Effects on body condition, return to postpartum ovarian cyclicity in Santa Ines ewes, and performance of lambs

The effects of nursing regimens on the body condition, onset of ovarian cyclicity postpartum and weaning weight of lambs were assessed in Santa Ines ewes. Thirty-two ewes were blocked according to parity, number of lambs, and body weight at lambing and within each block randomly allocated to treatments: continuous nursing (CN), controlled nursing (CN2) with two daily feedings for an hour after the 10th day postpartum, or early weaning (EW) with total separation from the lambs after the 10th day. The animals were evaluated from the 12th day postpartum until the first estrus or until 60th day. The dry matter and nutrients intake did not differ among treatments ( P>. 0.05) but did differ over time ( P<. 0.01). The weight, body condition score, serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and prolactin, the percentages of ewes in estrus, of ewes that ovulated within 60th day and had ovulation silent, the period from lambing to estrus, ovulation and follicle with a diameter ≥5. mm and the maximum follicular diameter did not differ ( P>. 0.05) among the treatments. The percentage of ovulation until 30th day was greater ( P<. 0.05) in the EW group. The percentage of short luteal phases was higher in the CN2 and EW groups ( P=0.07) and normal luteal phases were higher in the CN group ( P=0.01). Lamb weight weaning was lower in the EW group ( P<. 0.05). It is possible to use CN to obtain lambing periods less than eight months in Santa Ines ewes, with the advantages of simpler management and higher lamb weaning weights. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Efeito do treinamento concorrente sobre fatores de risco para a doença gordurosa não alcoólica do fígado de adolescentes obesos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Treinamento aeróbio na prevenção da doença hepática não alcoólica decorrente da obesidade em ratos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Qualidade físcio-química e microbiológica de refrigerantes sabor guaraná em embalagens PET-2000mL e ocorrência de leveduras

Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE

Otimização para a obtençao de extrato aquoso de tremoço branco (Lupinus albus L.) adicionado de suco de pitanga

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A influência do design na aplicação de forças manuais para abertura de embalagens plásticas de refrigerantes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise de investimentos para implantação de unidade industrial de pequeno porte de refrigerantes de acerola

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização físico-química, energética e sensorial de refresco adoçado de jabuticaba

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA