898 resultados para Natural gas pipelines


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Methane hydrates are present in marine seep systems and occur within the gas hydrate stability zone. Very little is known about their crystallite sizes and size distributions because they are notoriously difficult to measure. Crystal size distributions are usually considered as one of the key petrophysical parameters because they influence mechanical properties and possible compositional changes, which may occur with changing environmental conditions. Variations in grain size are relevant for gas substitution in natural hydrates by replacing CH4 with CO2 for the purpose of carbon dioxide sequestration. Here we show that crystallite sizes of gas hydrates from some locations in the Indian Ocean, Gulf of Mexico and Black Sea are in the range of 200-400 µm; larger values were obtained for deeper-buried samples from ODP Leg 204. The crystallite sizes show generally a log-normal distribution and appear to vary sometimes rapidly with location.

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Gas hydrates are icelike materials that form when specific conditions of temperature, pressure, and gas composition are simultaneously satisfied. Among the first descriptions of gas hydrates under natural conditions was that of Hammerschmidt (1940), who found them in pipelines used to transport natural gas. Milton (1976) indicates that conditions are suitable for the presence of gas hydrates in areas affected by permafrost and cites studies suggesting that large quantities of gas exist in hydrate form.

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Prepared by G. J. Pagliano and others.

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Bibliography: p. 151-166

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Originally published separately as three extracts from Bulletin no. 44.

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At head of title: State of Illinois. Department of registration and education. Division of the state geological survey.

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"Reprinted from Statistics of oil and gas development and production covering 1950, A.I.M.E."

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Bibliographical footnotes.

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Mode of access: Internet.

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Vols. for 1964- issued as even numbered issues of its Annual statistical summary.

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First-third reports, 1915/16-1917/18, issued as California State Mining Bureau Bulletin no. 73, 82, 84.

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Mode of access: Internet.