Fusion of the extended modified liquid drop model for nucleation and dynamical nucleation theory

We present a new phenomenological approach to nucleation, based on the combination of the extended modified liquid drop model and dynamical nucleation theory. The new model proposes a new cluster definition, which properly includes the effect of fluctuations, and it is consistent both thermodynamically and kinetically. The model is able to predict successfully the free energy of formation of the critical nucleus, using only macroscopic thermodynamic properties. It also accounts for the spinodal and provides excellent agreement with the result of recent simulations.

Outcome of a Modified Broström-Gould Procedure for Lateral Ankle Instability

Introduction: Ankle sprains affect 200'000 persons/year in Switzerland. Most incidences are successfully treated by conservative measures but 20% require reconstruction for symptomatic chronic lateral ankle instability. This study evaluates the functional outcome after a modified Broström-Gould technique as measured by different clinical scores and compares the functional outcome of this technique with other surgical treatments of ankle instability. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluates 47 patients who underwent a modified Broström-Gould procedure using suture anchors to refix the lateral ankle capsuloligamentary structures at our institution from 2005 to 2009 with a minimum follow-up of one year (13-72 Mo). All patients were operated by one single surgeon and evaluated by an independent examiner. The function was assessed using 4 scores including: the AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society's Score) hindfoot score; the FAAM (Foot and Ankle Ability Measurement); the CAIT (Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool); the CAIS (Chronic Ankle Instability Scale). Results: Six patients were excluded leaving 41 patients for examination. 34 patients (83%) thought that their ankle was more stable after the surgery, 7 (17%) did not feel any difference. 27 patients were very satisfied, 11 satisfied and 3 not satisfied. Reasons for non satisfaction included persistent instability and pain. Ankle mobility returned to normal in 93% of patients. Five patients had transcient hypoesthesy in the area of the superficial peroneal nerve. One patient suffered from a superficial infection treated successfully by local measures. 80% had the perception of a normal ankle, 20% thought to be below normal. At follow-up the AOFAS was 89/100 (37-100), the FAAM 85/100% (35-100%), the CAIT 20/30 (5-30), and the CAIS 74/100% (27-100%). Conclusions: The modified Broström-Gould procedure, which belongs to the anatomic ankle stabilizations is relatively simple and offers good outcome that satisfied 93% of the patients in the present study. No active stabilisator is sacrificed. Preservation of the ankle mobility is better and the complication rate is lower than after non-anatomical procedures described in the literature. The CAIT appeared as the most severe score compared to the other scales used in our study.

Resistance of genetically modified potatoes to Potato virus Y under field conditions

The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance of genetically modified clones of potato to Potato virus Y (PVY) under field conditions. Genetically modified plants were compared with nontransformed plants of the same cultivar. The plots were flanked with potato plants infected with both PVYº and PVY N strains (spread lines), in order to provide the experimental area with the source of virus, which was naturally spread by the native aphid population. The experiment was weekly monitored by visual inspections and by DAS-Elisa in the plants produced from the harvested tubers, in order to evaluate the resistance of transgenic plants throughout the plant growth cycle. By the end of the third year, no infection symptoms were observed in the 1P clone; clone 63P showed 1% of infection, in contrast to about 90% of nontransformed plants infected. The stable expression of resistance to PVY provided by the coat protein gene was obtained in genetically modified clones of potato plants cultivar Achat under field conditions, during three consecutive years.

Transgene inheritances and genetic similarities of near isogenic lines of genetically modified common beans

The objective of the present work was to determine the inheritance and stability of transgenes of a transgenic bean line expressing the genes rep-trap-ren from Bean golden mosaic virus and the bar gene. Crosses were done between the transgenic line and four commercial bean cultivars, followed by four backcrosses to the commercial cultivars. Progenies from each cross were evaluated for the presence of the transgenes by brushing the leaves with glufosinate ammonium and by polymerase chain reaction using specific oligonucleotides. Advanced generations were rub-inoculated with an isolate of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV). The transgenes were inherited consistently in a Mendelian pattern in the four crosses studied. The analyzed lines recovered close to 80% of the characteristics of the recurrent parent, as determined by the random amplified DNA markers used, besides maintaining important traits such as resistance to BCMNV. The presence of the transgene did not cause any detectable undesirable effect in the evaluated progenies.

[Défilé du 14 juillet 1919 sous l'Arc de triomphe de l'Etoile] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54922

[Défilé du 14 juillet 1919 sous l'Arc de triomphe de l'Etoile] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54923

[Défilé du 14 juillet 1919 sous l'Arc de triomphe de l'Etoile, tanks] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54925

[Défilé du 14 juillet 1919, les tanks passent sous l'Arc de triomphe de l'Etoile] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54945

[Défilé du 14 juillet 1919, soldats américains passant sous l'Arc de triomphe de l'Etoile] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54951

[Défilé du 14 juillet 1919 passant sous l'Arc de triomphe de l'Etoile] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54952

[Défilé du 14 juillet 1919 passant sous l'Arc de triomphe de l'Etoile, armée française] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54953

[Défilé du 14 juillet 1919 passant sous l'Arc de triomphe de l'Etoile, véhicules blindés] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54954

[Défilé du 14 juillet 1919 passant sous l'Arc de triomphe de l'Etoile, armée française] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54956