854 resultados para Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
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Pós-graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia Aplicadas à Farmácia - FCFAR
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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A infecção hospitalar (IH) é um grave problema de saúde pública, principalmente em pacientes internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), devido à gravidade do quadro clínico, uso constante de antimicrobianos e frequência do emprego de procedimentos invasivos. O Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) é um dos principais patógenos que coloniza indivíduos saudáveis e responde também, por infecções em pacientes hospitalizados. O presente estudo objetivou a identificação do perfil de suscetibilidade, principais sítios acometidos por infecção e possíveis fatores de risco associados à infecção ou colonização por S. aureus isolados de pacientes e profissionais de saúde da UTI de Hospital de Urgência e Emergência de Rio Branco (HUERB) – Acre. Foi desenvolvido um estudo transversal no período de janeiro a agosto de 2009. Para pesquisa de portadores, foram coletadas amostras biológicas da microbiota dos pacientes e profissionais de saúde. Para o levantamento de casos de pacientes com IH, foram coletadas amostras biológicas dos sítios suspeitos de estarem acometidos, a partir de 72 horas da data de sua admissão, até alta, transferência ou óbito. Dos 62 pacientes inseridos nos estudo, 19,3% foram portadores e 6,4% desenvolveram IH por S. aureus; e dos 35 profissionais, 28,6% foram portadores de S. aureus. Foi a segunda espécie bacteriana mais isolada de pacientes portadores e a quinta mais isolada de casos de IH. Não houve comprovação estatística para as variáveis abordadas no estudo serem consideradas fatores de risco para aquisição de IH por S. aureus. Os sítios anatômicos acometidos por IH por S. aureus foram o trato respiratório (n=2), seguido de corrente sanguínea (n=1). A amostra ponta de cateter foi responsável por 1 isolado. Um (1,6%) paciente desenvolveu IH por MRSA; e 5 (8,1%) pacientes e 2 (5,7%) profissionais foram portadores de MRSA, ocorrência baixa quando se relaciona com os resultados do restante do Brasil e do mundo. Destaca-se ainda, a incidência do MSSA sobre o MRSA e a baixa resistência dos MRSA aos antimicrobianos, demonstrando que na UTI do HUERB, as IH por S. aureus ainda não se constituem um problema de saúde pública. Não houve isolados de S. aureus resistentes à vancomicina, podendo ser considerada uma opção terapêutica para os casos de IH por MRSA. Vale ressaltar a importância desse estudo no Estado do Acre, por constituir o primeiro desta natureza em UTI, envolvendo S. aureus e MRSA.
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Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Reabilitação Oral - FOAR
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Staphylococcus aureus TenA (SaTenA) is a thiaminase type II enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of aminopyrimidine, as well as the cleavage of thiamine into 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine (HMP) and 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole (THZ), within thiamine (vitamin B1) metabolism. Further, by analogy with studies of Bacillus subtilis TenA, SaTenA may act as a regulator controlling the secretion of extracellular proteases such as the subtilisin type of enzymes in bacteria. Thiamine biosynthesis has been identified as a potential drug target of the multi-resistant pathogen S. aureus and therefore all enzymes involved in the S. aureus thiamine pathway are presently being investigated in detail. Here, the structure of SaTenA, determined by molecular replacement and refined at 2.7 A ° resolution to an R factor of 21.6% with one homotetramer in the asymmetric unit in the orthorhombic space group P212121, is presented. The tetrameric state of wild-type (WT) SaTenA was postulated to be the functional biological unit and was confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments in solution. To obtain insights into structural and functional features of the oligomeric SaTenA, comparative kinetic investigations as well as experiments analyzing the structural stability of the WT SaTenA tetramer versus a monomeric SaTenA mutant were performed.
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In an attempt to develop a Staphylococcus aureus vaccine, we have applied reverse vaccinology approach, mainly based on in silico screening and proteomics. By using this approach SdrE, a protein belonging to serine-aspartate repeat protein family was identified as potential vaccine antigen against S. aureus. We have investigated the biochemical properties as well as the vaccine potential of SdrE and its highly conserved CnaBE3 domain. We found the protein SdrE to be resistant to trypsin. Further analysis of the resistant fragment revealed that it comprises a CnaBE3 domain, which also showed partial trypsin resistant behavior. Furthermore, intact mass spectrometry of rCnaBE3 suggested the possible presence of isopeptide bond or some other post-translational modification in the protein.However, this observation needs further investigation. Differential Scanning Fluorimetry study reveals that calcium play role in protein folding and provides stability to SdrE. At the end we have demonstrated that SdrE is immunogenic against clinical strain of S. aureus in murine abscess model. In the second part, I characterized a protein, annotated as epidermin leader peptide processing serine protease (EpiP), as a novel S. aureus vaccine candidate. The crystal structure of the rEpiP was solved at 2.05 Å resolution by x-ray crystallography . The structure showed that rEpiP was cleaved somewhere between residues 95 and 100 and cleavage occurs through an autocatalytic intra-molecular mechanism. In addition, the protein expressed by S. aureus cells also appeared to undergo a similar processing event. To determine if the protein acts as a serine protease, we mutated the catalytic serine 393 residue to alanine, generating rEpiP-S393A and solved its crystal structure at a resolution of 1.95 Å. rEpiP-S393A was impaired in its protease activity, as expected. Protective efficacy of rEpiP and the non-cleaving mutant protein was comparable, implying that the two forms are interchangeable for vaccination purposes.
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OBJECTIVES To determine the antibiotic resistance and fingerprint profiles of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) from animal infections among different practices and examine the history of antibiotic treatment. METHODS Isolates were identified by mass spectrometry and tested for antimicrobial resistance by broth dilution, microarrays and sequence analysis of the topoisomerases. Diversity was assessed by PFGE, icaA PCR and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) and multilocus sequence typing. Clinical records were examined retrospectively. RESULTS MRCoNS were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=20), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n=17), Staphylococcus hominis (n=3), Staphylococcus capitis (n=1), Staphylococcus cohnii (n=1) and Staphylococcus warneri (n=1). PFGE identified one clonal lineage in S. hominis isolates and several in S. haemolyticus and S. epidermidis. Fourteen sequence types were identified in S. epidermidis, with sequence type 2 (ST2) and ST5 being predominant. Ten isolates contained SCCmec IV, seven contained SCCmec V and the others were non-typeable. ACMEs were detected in 11 S. epidermidis isolates. One S. hominis and 10 S. epidermidis isolates were icaA positive. In addition to mecA-mediated β-lactam resistance, the most frequent resistance was to gentamicin/kanamycin [aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia, aph(3')-III] (n=34), macrolides/lincosamides [erm(C), erm(A), msr, lnu(A)] (n=31), tetracycline [tet(K)] (n=22), streptomycin [str, ant(6)-Ia] (n=20), trimethoprim [dfr(A), dfr(G)] (n=17), sulfamethoxazole (n = 34) and fluoroquinolones [amino acid substitutions in GyrA and GrlA] (n=30). Clinical data suggest selection through multiple antibiotic courses and emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis and antibiograms. CONCLUSIONS MRCoNS from animal infection sites are genetically heterogeneous multidrug-resistant strains that represent a new challenge in the prevention and therapy of infections in veterinary clinics.