Comportamento, Cognição e Linguagem: Contribuição da Fenomenologia Biológica para o Estudo das Relações Corpo-Mente

Um dos desafios mais importantes para as ciências humanas e particularmente para a educação consiste na compreensão das relações entre o comportamento, a cognição e a linguagem. O presente artigo apresenta uma concepção encorporada da cognição e da linguagem a partir da etologia humana. Baseando-se nas ideias da fenomenologia biológica sobre a intencionalidade, apresentam-se algumas das condições para o acesso científico às relações corpo-mente.

Voice and presence

De que forma pode a voz ser considerada enquanto tema de investigação filosófica? Utilizando principalmente aproximações fenomenológicas, esta tese é uma tentativa de mapear uma constelação transdisciplinar de pontos-­‐chave temáticos, onde a voz surge como uma manifestação expressa de presença e de processos vitais. Simultaneamente situada, corpórea e transgressora no contexto da noção de território acústico, a ambiguidade da voz e o seu potencial enquanto fenómeno, conceito e ressonância tangível de subjetividade, são explorados através do recurso a análise de fontes pertencentes à Filosofia Antiga, aos Estudos Sonoros, à Ciência Acústica, à Fenomenologia e à Pesquisa Artística.

Exploring the consumer decision journey and online shoping experience through an emotional prespective

Traditional consumer decision-making models have long used quantitative research to address a link between emotional and rational behavior. However, little qualitative research has been conducted in the area of online shopping as an end-to-end experience. This study aims to provide a detailed phenomenological account of consumers’ online shopping experience and extend Mckinsey & Companys’s consumer decision journey model from an emotional perspective. Six semi-structured interviews and a focus group of nine people are analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenology Analysis and five superordinate themes emerged from the results: emotional experience, empathy and encouragement, in relation to brand preference, emotional encounters in relation to consumer satisfaction and emotional exchange and relationship with a company or brand. A model interrelating these themes is then introduced to visually represent the emotional essence of a large online purchase. This study promises to be applicable as a descriptive, and perhaps, better predictive report for understanding the complex consumer decision-making process as it relates to online consumer behavior. Future research topics are also identified.

The greener grass: da autorrepresentação em Alanis Morissette

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências da Literatura - Especialidade em Teoria da Literatura

A morte em cuidados intensivos: uma reflexão fenomenológica sobre a experiência dos enfermeiros

Dissertação de mestrado em Enfermagem da Pessoa em Situação Crítica

De la vivència a l'experiència: la significació del medi aquàtic en el desenvolupament de l'infant

This work gets deeply into the comprehension of the aquatic medium as a significant space for the for a psychomotor intervention in the development of the children. Its starting point is a methodological pose of philosophical nature which uses phenomenology as the way for discovering. From this stand, the research sequence and process are justified. They both show an underlying attitude which has guided the whole process of turning the learning-by-experiencing the phenomena into experienced-knowledge of it. In this way the characteristic gnoseological reduction of the phenomenology has been used, while proceeding to the observation of children evolving in the water. Once the construction process of this work was established, the reduction of the amount of concepts and ideas began. This is its most characteristic process of the phenomenological research. First, an approach to the aquatic medium as a pluridimensional space has been made. Afterwards a study of the up to three years old child from a global perspective which includes the emotional, the social the cognitive and the psychomotor dimensions has been done. At last, the essence of the psychomotor as a model for the pedagogical action has been studied. From this three distinctive elements, and as a result of this research, a proposal of psychomotor intervention in the aquatic medium has been built.

Dret costumari a la Barbagia sarda

Projecte de recerca elaborat a partir d’una estada al Dipartimento di Diritto pubblico e studi sociali de la Università degli studi di Cagliari, Italia, durant els mesos de maig i juny del 2006. L’estada s’insereix com a part del necessari treball de camp d’una recerca sobre el dret costumari de la Barbagia, regió interior i de muntanya de l’illa d’economia històricament basada en el pasturatge. Durant l’estada es van assolir satisfactòriament els tres principals objectius que es perseguien: realitzar algunes entrevistes i recollir testimonis sobre un aspecte concret de la recerca, la institució costumària de mediació “sos omines”; aconseguir l’accés a casos judicials significatius de la fenomenologia vindicativa local; i observar i recollir informació sobre “su tussorju”, l’esquilada anual de les ovelles, esdeveniment important dins el calendari festiu i el cicle econòmic agropastoral. Aquest últim objectiu s’inscriu dins l’actitud que ha actuat com a constant en tota la fase de treball de camp etnogràfic, consistent en tractar de conèixer i viure la dinàmica de la vida social sense exigir-li en concret: simplement viure-la a prop, deixant-se portar per ella per anar coneixent d’una forma natural els seus “secrets”, actitud clàssica del treball de camp antropològic però que en aquest cas esdevé una necessitat i pràcticament una exigència, donada la delicadesa de les qüestions que tracta. D’aquesta manera, la observació de l’esquilada de les ovelles, que ha format part històricament d’una sèrie d’esdeveniments importants per a la vida dels pobles un cop tornen (o tornaven: actualment són molt pocs els que ho fan a peu ) els pastors de la transhumància al pla, ha significat una ocasió més per respondre els contractes i la confiança amb la gent d’allà, un altre dels objectius de l’estada.

Research in psychopathology: epistemologic issues.

Etiologic research in psychiatry relies on an objectivist epistemology positing that human cognition is specified by the "reality" of the outer world, which consists of a totality of mind-independent objects. Truth is considered as some sort of correspondence relation between words and external objects, and mind as a mirror of nature. In our view, this epistemology considerably impedes etiologic research. Objectivist epistemology has been recently confronting a growing critique from diverse scientific fields. Alternative models in neurosciences (neuronal selection), artificial intelligence (connectionism), and developmental psychology (developmental biodynamics) converge in viewing living organisms as self-organizing systems. In this perspective, the organism is not specified by the outer world, but enacts its environment by selecting relevant domains of significance that constitute its world. The distinction between mind and body or organism and environment is a matter of observational perspective. These models from empirical sciences are compatible with fundamental tenets of philosophical phenomenology and hermeneutics. They imply consequences for research in psychopathology: symptoms cannot be viewed as disconnected manifestations of discrete localized brain dysfunctions. Psychopathology should therefore focus on how the person's self-coherence is maintained and on the understanding and empirical investigation of the systemic laws that govern neurodevelopment and the organization of human cognition.

Espacio y tiempo en el imaginario digital. La construcción técnico estética de la espacio-temporalidad contemporánea.

Partiendo de la idea ampliamente aceptada de que las TIC (Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación) han tenido una profunda influencia en los modos en que la sociedad contemporánea experimenta y concibe las nociones de espacio y tiempo, y sustentándose en el contexto de la importancia adquirida por dichas nociones en la comprensión de los procesos sociales en general y estéticos en particular, esta investigación ha tenido por objetivo analizar la espacio-temporalidad en el contexto específico de la era digital. Poniendo en relación la fenomenología de los dispositivos tecnológicos con las nuevas estrategias de representación y puesta en imagen del espacio y el tiempo, nuestro propósito ha sido mostrar no sólo cómo a través de las prácticas artísticas digitales puede identificarse y analizarse el imaginario espacio-temporal de la era digital, sino también cómo éstas –basadas en una larga trayectoria estética de intersecciones entre arte y tecnología- han revestido al espacio y al tiempo de nuevas fenomenologías posibles, dando lugar a nuevas formas de percibirlos y cumpliendo, por tanto, un papel activo en la configuración de dicho imaginario y sus sucesivas transformaciones. La perspectiva teórica adoptada para esta investigación parte de las teorías postmodernas del espacio y el tiempo –considerando autores como Harvey o Jameson-, recurriendo a la sociología del Imaginario Social desarrollada por Castoriadis, Castro-Nogueira o J. L. Pintos para comprender cómo el espacio y el tiempo adquieren significaciones particulares. Combinando estas bases teóricas con los estudios visuales y los trabajos de teóricos de los medios como McLuhan, De Kerckhove o Lev Manovich, se establecerían las posibles relaciones entre las tecnologías, las representaciones sociales del espacio y el tiempo – analizadas a partir de metáforas como “compresión espacio-temporal”, “espacio de los flujos” o “tiempo atemporal” y sus relaciones con el Ciberespacio- y la fenomenología espacio-temporal de las prácticas artísticas y sus estrategias de representación visual –tomando como objeto de estudio tipologías artísticas que van desde el Hipercine a la Realidad Virtual y Aumentada, los Medios Locativos o la Telepresencia. La conclusión que hemos podido extraer de este estudio es que si bien distintos tipos de tecnologías afectan operacional y perceptivamente a la construcción social de la espacio-temporalidad, los modos en que estas tecnologías han estetizado la propia realidad y los modos en que condicionan la construcción estética de las nociones de espacio y tiempo, tanto a partir de la propia fenomenología del dispositivo como de la experimentación creativa con el mismo, ejercen una profunda influencia sobre el imaginario social y espacio-temporal propios de la era digital.

First episode schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: A psychiatric nosology

A nosological issue that has yet to be resolved relates to the diagnostic and clinical overlap of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare, within a treated epidemiological cohort of first episode patients, the clinical characteristics of patients with schizophrenia (FES) or schizoaffective disorder (FESA). Medical fi le audit methodology was employed to collect information on 704 first episode psychosis patients (FEP), among which 283 patients had a fi nal diagnosis of FES and 64 patients with a fi nal diagnosis of FESA. These patients were treated at the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre (EPPIC), Melbourne, Australia. Patients with FES were signifi cantly more likely to have a longer prodrome (P = .020), longer duration of untreated psychosis (P < .001), and earlier age of onset (P = .004) compared to FESA. At service entry, FESA patients had more severe levels of psychopathology (P = .020), which was due to the presence of manic symptoms (P < .001); consequently, requiring a greater number of inpatient admissions (P = .017). At discharge, depressive symptoms were more severe in those with FESA (P = .011). There are signifi cant differences in the phenomenology of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder during early illness course; supporting the notion that these are two discernable disorders.

Modelling of non-linear viscoelastic tissues with bar elements

In this work we develop a viscoelastic bar element that can handle multiple rheo- logical laws with non-linear elastic and non-linear viscous material models. The bar element is built by joining in series an elastic and viscous bar, constraining the middle node position to the bar axis with a reduction method, and stati- cally condensing the internal degrees of freedom. We apply the methodology to the modelling of reversible softening with sti ness recovery both in 2D and 3D, a phenomenology also experimentally observed during stretching cycles on epithelial lung cell monolayers.

An analysis of visual adaptation and contrast perception for tone mapping

Tone Mapping is the problem of compressing the range of a High-Dynamic Range image so that it can be displayed in a Low-Dynamic Range screen, without losing or introducing novel details: The final image should produce in the observer a sensation as close as possible to the perception produced by the real-world scene. We propose a tone mapping operator with two stages. The first stage is a global method that implements visual adaptation, based on experiments on human perception, in particular we point out the importance of cone saturation. The second stage performs local contrast enhancement, based on a variational model inspired by color vision phenomenology. We evaluate this method with a metric validated by psychophysical experiments and, in terms of this metric, our method compares very well with the state of the art.

Life experiences of elderly with cancer pain: the existential comprehensive approach

OBJECTIVE Understanding the experiences of elderly with cancer pain. METHOD Qualitative research based on Heidegger's phenomenology. 12 elderly cancer patients from a city in northwest Paraná were interviewed from November 2013 to February 2014. RESULTS Analysis performed by vague, median and interpretive understanding which resulted in two ontological themes: Cancer pain: unveiling the imprisonment and impositions experienced by the elderly, and Unveiling the anguish of living with cancer pain; it revealed not only how the elderly experience pain in their daily lives, but also how hard it is to live with its particularities. CONCLUSION Cancer pain has biopsychosocial repercussions for the elderly, generating changes in their existence in the world, requiring holistic and authentic care.

Autism in schizophrenia revisited.

The concept of autism is reviewed in its historical evolution. It is suggested that the Bleulerian insistence on the withdrawal component in autism contributed to the decline of its use in adult psychiatry. Phenomenology offers another approach to grasping the nature of autism as a relational (subject-outer world) phenomenon. European phenomenological psychiatry in the field of schizophrenia is introduced and its attempts to reveal the essence of autism are presented. Autism is here considered as a "loss of vital contact with reality" (Minkowski), "inconsistency of natural experience" (Binswanger), or "the global crisis of common sense" (Blankenburg). It is proposed that autism represents dysfunctional perceptual/expressive attunement to the outer world. The usefulness of this concept is briefly examined in relation to the diagnosis and etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia.

Reversible ferromagnetic switching in ZnO:(Co,Mn) powders

We report here on the magnetic properties of ZnO:Mn- and ZnO:Co-doped nanoparticles. We have found that the ferromagnetism of ZnO:Mn can be switched on and off by consecutive low-temperature annealings in O2 and N2, respectively, while the opposite phenomenology was observed for ZnO:Co. These results suggest that different defects (presumably n-type for ZnO:Co and p-type for ZnO:Mn) are required to induce a ferromagnetic coupling in each case. We will argue that ferromagnetism is likely to be restricted to a very thin, nanometric layer at the grain surface. These findings reveal and give insight into the dramatic relevance of surface effects to the occurrence of ferromagnetism in ZnO-doped oxides.