702 resultados para Medicina Interna


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We describe a 62-year-old patient with a 4-year history of myelodysplasia who later developed striking features that included massive splenomegaly, rapidly evolving visual loss and a sensorimotor polyneuropathy. This led us to consider the diagnosis of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Upon further investigation, we found that he fulfilled the necessary diagnostic criteria for HLH, including the presence of haemophagocytosis of erythroid precursors on bone marrow smear.

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Introduction: Uveitis is a well-known extra-rheumatological manifestation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Tumor necrosis factor has been used to treat uveitis associated with inflammatory diseases. A new onset uveitis under anti-TNF therapy is uncommon. Case presentation: A 12-years-old male, affected since the age of six years, by a severe form of polyarticular JIA. When etanercept was started, he presented panuveitis bilaterally, so we switched to infliximab with good response. Conclusions: The TNF soluble receptor could be considered as a possible promoter in inducing endogenous new onset uveitis in JIA.

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A 41-year-old man was admitted to an intensive care unit following respiratory arrest. One day prior to admission, he had complaints of nausea and pain involving lower limbs. On the night of admission he developed diplopia, dysphagia, and rapidly progressive quadriparesis. He developed respiratory failure requiring mechanical lung ventilation 24 hours later. On the fifth day of hospital stay the patient became comatose with absent brainstem reflexes and appeared to be brain dead. The cerebrospinal fluid showed albuminocytological dissociation. The electroencephalogram revealed an alpha rhythmical activity. The electrophysiological evaluation revealed an inexcitability of all nerves. Guillain-Barré syndrome was suspected. With supportive treatment the patient had a remarkable recovery and now is able to independently conduct his daily activities.

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Objectives: To perform a literature review and estimate MG incidence in an SLE cohort. Materials and methods: We searched MEDLINE and PubMed for case reports of SLE and MG. We also calculated MG incidence within our clinical SLE cohort (females only). Results: Eleven articles met our criteria, providing 13 SLE patients who developed MG. The majority were female (84.6%), with the average ages of 25.6 and 33.5 years at diagnoses of SLE and MG, respectively. In 380 SLE female patients followed for 2,850 person-years, one MG case occurred. Conclusion: MG in SLE is a rare event.

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Introduction: Despite adherence to current guidelines regarding dose adjustment and drug-level monitoring, beta-lactam-induced encephalopathy can still occur in the setting of chronic renal impairment. Case Report: We report what we believe is the first case of piperacillin- and tazobactam-induced encephalopathy in a patient with pre-existing cefepime-induced encephalopathy in the context of end-stage kidney disease despite adequate dose adjustment for renal impairment.

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Con el objetivo de comparar respuesta clínica a la hidroxicloroquina, sulfasalazina y metrotexato en tres grupos de pacientes en un período de doce meses. Se realiza un ensayo clínico controlado a 93 pacientes adultos, clase funcional I-II, de ambos sexos, en tres grupos de 31 pacientes cada uno seleccionando aleatoriameste: grupo A recibió metrotexato a 7.5 mg/semana; grupo B recibió sulfasalazina 2 g/día; y grupo C hidroxicloroquina 400 mg/día. Se evaluó la respuesta terapeútica cada tres meses por el lapso de un año. Resultados: utilizando los índices de Pincus y Ritchie se detectó mejoría clínica en los tres grupos, pero las diferencias encontradas en el grupo que recibió metrotexato fueron estadísticamente significativas respecto de los dos grupos (p menor que 0.05). Según los criterios de remisión en el grupo de metrotexato hubo mayor disminución de la rigidez articular y dolor (p= 0.03) y fatiga (p=0.006) desde el tercer mes de tratamiento. La disminución de la VSG fue mayor en respuesta al metrotexato a pesar de que las diferencias no fueron significativas. Conclusiones: las terapiras modificadoras del curso de la AR parecen ser mejores que el esquema piramidal. El metrotexate sigue siendo de elección como fármaco único o combinado

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Objectives: To highlight systemic involvement features in Sjögren Syndrome (SS). Materials and methods: A case of a 32-year-old woman presenting with flaccid tetraparesis, in the setting of severe hypokalaemia, is described. Results: Additional evaluation confirmed primary SS with type 1 renal tubular acidosis (RTA1) and gammaglobulin-mediated vasculitis. A significant clinical improvement was achieved following adequate treatment. Conclusion: Extra-glandular involvement in SS is usually due to autoimmune lymphocytic infiltration and severe complications can be avoided if there is a prompt diagnosis.

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Objectives: Extensive calcinosis in a patient with dermatomyositis is a rare clinical presentation in adults. The aim of this report is to present the clinical and radiographic features of a 25-year-old woman with dermatomyositis and extensive calcinosis. Case Presentation: A 25-year-old woman with extensive calcinosis on background dermatomyositis is described. Results: The clinical and radiographic features of the patient were consistent with dermatomyositis complicated by extensive calcinosis in an adult. Conclusion: Dermatomyositis with extensive calcinosis is a rare clinical presentation in adults.

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A case of non-fatal drowning with a successful outcome despite a submersion time of 25 min is described. Our case report emphasizes the role of accidental hypothermia in the survival of drowning victims with hypoxic brain injury, and supports the use of therapeutic hypothermia in the resuscitation of these patients.

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Objectives: We report an atypical presentation of eosinophilic fasciitis and provide a concise overview of the literature. Materials and Methods: Clinical and laboratory findings in a patient presenting with fever and skin induration were recorded. A deep muscle biopsy was performed in order to confirm the diagnosis. Results: A spontaneous favourable clinical and radiological evolution was observed. Conclusion: The diagnosis of eosinophilic fasciitis is challenging due to the lack of pathognomonic signs and symptoms. As spontaneous resolution has been described, watchful waiting is defendable depending on the clinical presentation. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be useful in establishing the diagnosis, a deep muscle biopsy remains the gold standard diagnostic tool.

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Objectives: To describe the diagnosis and treatment of a severely ill patient presenting with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) of unknown cause. Case presentation: An adult female presented to intensive care with abdominal pain and haemorrhagic shock, requiring reanimation. Results: Features of TMA were present, but initial plasma exchange was ineffective. Treatment with the anti-C5 antibody, eculizumab, improved laboratory parameters and organ function, albeit slowly. Eculizumab remains effective and well tolerated after 30 months of treatment. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the complexities and importance of early identification of atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome in patients presenting with TMA.

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A 40-year old woman, previously known for Friedreich’s ataxia, presented with shock, profound lactic acidosis and hepatic failure after ingestion of a high dose of nicotinamide, the amide form of vitamin B3. On her own initiative, she was taking up to 4.4 g per day of nicotinamide, after having learned the results of a phase 2 study suggesting a potential benefit in Friedreich’s ataxia. The outcome was good with supportive care and withdrawal of nicotinamide.

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Hydroxychloroquine is an antimalarial drug used in many rheumatologic and systemic diseases. Although considered by clinicians to be relatively safe, serious side effects have been documented (retinotoxicity, neuromyotoxicity and cardiotoxicity). We present the case of a 41-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who presented at our institution with acute heart failure after taking hydroxychloroquine for a period of 3 months. An endomyocardial biopsy ruled out myocarditis related to systemic lupus erythematosus but demonstrated pathological changes related to hydroxychloroquine toxicity. It is exceptional to observe such cardiac toxicity after such a low cumulative dose (16 grams). The potential severity and reversibility of this complication underscores the importance of a high level of suspicion and timely diagnosis.

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A 31-year-old Caucasian woman of South-American descent was diagnosed with a variant of multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) that has been reported in Japan as Castleman-Kojima disease. This is a systemic inflammatory disorder known as TAFRO Syndrome which includes thrombocytopenia, polyserositis (ascites/pleural effusion), microcytic anemia, myelofibrosis, fever, renal dysfunction and organomegaly, with immunologic disorder, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, and elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the vascular endothelial growth factor present in serum and/or effusions. Optimal therapies are not well established. The patient was treated with methylprednisolone and rituximab. Following the start of treatment, the patient has been asymptomatic for over 8 months.

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La neumonía adquirida en la Comunidad (NAC) tiene una influencia de 7 a 15 casos por 1000 personas y por año, de los cuales el 36 a 57se acompaña de Derrame Pleural Paraneumónico (DPPN). En el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso (HVCM) en el período 1999-2000, la NAC representó el 17de todos los egresos del Departamento de Clínica, correspondiendo un 6.5a DPPN, diagnosticados. Este estudio desciptivo prospectivo realizado en el Departamento de Clínica del HVCM desde septiembre de 2002 a agosto de 2003 muestra que de 1393 pacientes, 127 correspondieron a NAC, y de éstos el 28.3(36 pacientes) fueron diagnosticados de DPPN, las edades estuvieron entre los 20 y 93 años (media 55.4 años), siendo más frecuente en varones. De acuerdo a la clasificación propuesta por Light, los derrames de Clase 1 estuvieron presentes en mayor porcentaje (50.0) y los de clase 7 los menos frecuentes (2.8). El tipo de DPPN determina la conducta terapeútica a seguir es así que el conocimiento de la frecuencia real en el HVCM y su clasificación deberá permitir tomar medidas adecuadas con el fin de mejorar el pronóstico de los pacientes con NAC