Trial of the twelve Spanish pirates of the Schooner Panda, a Guinea slaver microform : consisting of Don Pedro Gibert, captain, Bernardo de Soto, mate ... : for robbery and piracy committed on board the Brig Mexican, 20th Sept. 1832.

At head of title: A full and accurate report--20 engravings.

Reauthorization of TEA-21 : hearings before the Subcommittee on Transportation, Infrastructure, and Nuclear Safety and the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, on review of proposals to reauthorize Public Law 105-178, the Transportation Equity Act for the Twenty-First Century.

Shipping list nos.: 2004-0089-P (pt. 1), 2004-0088-P (pt. 2).

Two visits to the tea countries of China and the British tea plantations in the Himalaya; with a narrative of adventures, and a full description of the culture of the tea plant, the agriculture, horticulture, and botany of China.

Mode of access: Internet.

Industry & trade summary : coffee and tea /

"April 1994."

Electrician's Mate 3 and 2

Mode of access: Internet.

El tiempo de la anécdota, del mate y del Perfecto Compuesto sanjuanino

El panorama que presenta nuestro país en lo que respecta a la multiplicidad de variedades lingüísticas coexistentes, actualmente incrementada por las migraciones, tanto internas como externas, constituye un desafío altamente motivador ; para los estudios del lenguaje. Dada la complejidad lingüística que reviste la situación mencionada, creemos relevante que se lleven a cabo múltiples y sucesivos abordajes de los distintos fenómenos observados. Uno de ellos lo ;constituye la variación de los tiempos de pasado, en especial, la coexistencia de los Perfectos Simple y Compuesto. En efecto, es conocido -aunque no exhaustivamente estudiado- el hecho de que en la variedad rioplatense hay un predominio del PS sobre el PC mientras que en la variedad de la región de Cuyo se favorece el uso del PC. Se suman otras variedades, producto de las migraciones actuales, como por ejemplo, la variedad del español de Bolivia. Este caso ;reviste un especial interés si consideramos la posibilidad de la transferencia de características ;de las lenguas de contacto quechua y aymara, propias de la región andina. Desde el marco teórico y metodológico propiciado por la Escuela Lingüística de Columbia (Diver1995; García 1995; Reid 1995; Martínez 2000, 2006, Mauder y Mart ;ínez 2007) es nuestro interés investigar en qué medida los procesos de variación lingüística responden a necesidades comunicativas y constituyen el síntoma de la perspectiva cognitiva de los usuarios de la lengua. En este sentido, ;consideramos que los resultados de esta investigación podrán contribuir a dicha perspectiva teórica que contempla la motivación semánticopragmática de la sintaxis y la relación entre la gramática y el uso de la lengua

El tiempo de la anécdota, del mate y del Perfecto Compuesto sanjuanino

El panorama que presenta nuestro país en lo que respecta a la multiplicidad de variedades lingüísticas coexistentes, actualmente incrementada por las migraciones, tanto internas como externas, constituye un desafío altamente motivador ; para los estudios del lenguaje. Dada la complejidad lingüística que reviste la situación mencionada, creemos relevante que se lleven a cabo múltiples y sucesivos abordajes de los distintos fenómenos observados. Uno de ellos lo ;constituye la variación de los tiempos de pasado, en especial, la coexistencia de los Perfectos Simple y Compuesto. En efecto, es conocido -aunque no exhaustivamente estudiado- el hecho de que en la variedad rioplatense hay un predominio del PS sobre el PC mientras que en la variedad de la región de Cuyo se favorece el uso del PC. Se suman otras variedades, producto de las migraciones actuales, como por ejemplo, la variedad del español de Bolivia. Este caso ;reviste un especial interés si consideramos la posibilidad de la transferencia de características ;de las lenguas de contacto quechua y aymara, propias de la región andina. Desde el marco teórico y metodológico propiciado por la Escuela Lingüística de Columbia (Diver1995; García 1995; Reid 1995; Martínez 2000, 2006, Mauder y Mart ;ínez 2007) es nuestro interés investigar en qué medida los procesos de variación lingüística responden a necesidades comunicativas y constituyen el síntoma de la perspectiva cognitiva de los usuarios de la lengua. En este sentido, ;consideramos que los resultados de esta investigación podrán contribuir a dicha perspectiva teórica que contempla la motivación semánticopragmática de la sintaxis y la relación entre la gramática y el uso de la lengua

El tiempo de la anécdota, del mate y del Perfecto Compuesto sanjuanino

El panorama que presenta nuestro país en lo que respecta a la multiplicidad de variedades lingüísticas coexistentes, actualmente incrementada por las migraciones, tanto internas como externas, constituye un desafío altamente motivador ; para los estudios del lenguaje. Dada la complejidad lingüística que reviste la situación mencionada, creemos relevante que se lleven a cabo múltiples y sucesivos abordajes de los distintos fenómenos observados. Uno de ellos lo ;constituye la variación de los tiempos de pasado, en especial, la coexistencia de los Perfectos Simple y Compuesto. En efecto, es conocido -aunque no exhaustivamente estudiado- el hecho de que en la variedad rioplatense hay un predominio del PS sobre el PC mientras que en la variedad de la región de Cuyo se favorece el uso del PC. Se suman otras variedades, producto de las migraciones actuales, como por ejemplo, la variedad del español de Bolivia. Este caso ;reviste un especial interés si consideramos la posibilidad de la transferencia de características ;de las lenguas de contacto quechua y aymara, propias de la región andina. Desde el marco teórico y metodológico propiciado por la Escuela Lingüística de Columbia (Diver1995; García 1995; Reid 1995; Martínez 2000, 2006, Mauder y Mart ;ínez 2007) es nuestro interés investigar en qué medida los procesos de variación lingüística responden a necesidades comunicativas y constituyen el síntoma de la perspectiva cognitiva de los usuarios de la lengua. En este sentido, ;consideramos que los resultados de esta investigación podrán contribuir a dicha perspectiva teórica que contempla la motivación semánticopragmática de la sintaxis y la relación entre la gramática y el uso de la lengua

Mate choice in the brown thornbill (Acanthiza pusilla): are settlement decisions, divorce and extrapair mating complementary strategies?

In socially monogamous birds, females may express mate preferences when they first select a breeding partner, through divorce and subsequent breeding dispersal to a new partner and through extrapair mating. We examined settlement patterns, divorce and breeding dispersal in a sedentary Australian passerine, the brown thornbill (Acanthiza pusilla), in relation to two traits known to influence extrapair paternity (male age and male size). Settlement decisions, divorce and territory switching behaviour were all female strategies that reduced their likelihood of breeding with 1-year-old males. Females preferred to settle in territories with 2+ -year-old males, were more likely to divorce 1-year-old males, and only switched territories if they had an opportunity to form a new pair bond with an old male. In contrast, female settlement and divorce decisions were not influenced by male size. Female thornbills obtain a direct benefit from preferring older males as social mates because breeding success improves with male age in brown thornbills. Nevertheless, divorce rates in this species were low (14% of pair bonds were terminated by divorce), and individuals rarely switched territories following the death of a mate. Both of these mating strategies appeared to be primarily constrained by the distance adults moved to initiate a new pair bond (1-2 territories) and by the limited availability of unpaired older males in the immediate neighbourhood.

HPLC analyses of flavanols and phenolic acids in the fresh young shoots of tea (Camellia sinensis) grown in Australia

As part of a 4-year project to study phenolic compounds in tea shoots over the growing seasons and during black tea processing in Australia, an HPLC method was developed and optimised for the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds, mainly flavanols and phenolic acids, in fresh tea shoots. Methanol proved to be the most suitable solvent for extracting the phenolic compounds, compared with chloroform, ethyl acetate and water. Immediate analysis, by HPLC, of the methanol extract showed higher separation efficiency than analyses after being dried and redissolved. This method exhibited good repeatability (CV 3-9%) and recovery rate (88-116%). Epigallocatechin gallate alone constituted up to 115 mg/g, on a dry basis, in the single sample of Australian fresh tea shoots examined. Four catechins (catechin, gallocatechin, epicatechin and epigallocatechin) and six catechin gallates (epigallocatechin gallate, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, epicatechin digallate and epigallocatechin digallate) have been identified and quantified by this HPLC method. In addition, two major tea alkaloids, caffeine and theobromine, have been quantified, while five flavonol glycosides and six phenolic acids, including quinic acids and esters, were identified and quantified. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Seasonal variations of phenolic compounds in Australia-grown tea (Camellia sinensis)

Seasonal variations of phenolic compounds in fresh tea shoots grown in Australia were studied using an HPLC method. Three principal tea flavanols [epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin (EGC)] and four grouped phenolics [total catechins (Cs), total catechin gallates (CGs), total flavanols (Fla), and total polyphenols (PPs)] in fresh tea shoots were analyzed and compared during the commercial harvest seasons from April 2000 to May 2001. The levels of EGCG, ECG, and CGs in the fresh tea shoots were higher in the warm months of April 2000 (120.52, 34.50, and 163.75 mg/g, respectively) and May 2000 (128.63, 44.26, and 183.83 mg/g, respectively) and lower during the cool months of July 2000 (91.39, 35.16, and 132.30 mg/g, respectively), August 2000 (91.31, 31.56, and 128.64 mg/g, respectively), and September 2000 (96.12, 33.51, and 136.90 mg/g, respectively). Thereafter, the levels increased throughout the warmer months from October to December 2000 and remained high until May 2001. In the warmer months, the levels of EGCG, ECG, and CGs were in most cases significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the samples harvested in the cooler months. In contrast, the levels of EGC and Cs were high and consistent in the cooler months and low in the warmer months. The seasonal variations of the individual and grouped catechins were significant (P < 0.05) between the cooler and warmer months. This study revealed that EGCG and ECG could be used as quality descriptors for monitoring the seasonal variations of phenolics in Australia-grown tea leaves, and the ratio (EGCG + ECG)/EGC has been suggested as a quality index for measuring the differences in flavanol levels in fresh tea shoots across the growing seasons. Mechanisms that induce seasonal variations in tea shoots may include one or all three of the following environmental conditions: day length, sunlight, and/or temperature, which vary markedly across seasons. Therefore, further studies under controlled conditions such as in a greenhouse may be required to direct correlate flavonoid profiles of green tea leaves with their yields and also to with conditions such as rainfall and humidity.

Sexual selection for male dominance reduces opportunities for female mate choice in the European bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus)

Sexual selection involves two main mechanisms: intrasexual competition for mates and intersexual mate choice. We experimentally separated intrasexual (male-male interference competition) and intersexual (female choice) components of sexual selection in a freshwater fish, the European bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus). We compared the roles of multiple morphological and behavioural traits in male success in both components of sexual competition, and their relation to male reproductive success, measured as paternity of offspring. Body size was important for both female choice and male-male competition, though females also preferred males that courted more vigorously. However, dominant males often monopolized females regardless of female preference. Subordinate males were not excluded from reproduction and sired some offspring, possibly through sneaked ejaculations. Male dominance and a greater intensity of carotenoid-based red colouration in their iris were the best predictors of male reproductive success. The extent of red iris colouration and parasite load did not have significant effects on female choice, male dominance or male reproductive success. No effect of parasite load on the expression of red eye colouration was detected, though this may have been due to low parasite prevalence in males overall. In conclusion, we showed that even though larger body size was favoured in both intersexual and intrasexual selection, male-male interference competition reduced opportunities for female choice. Females, despite being choosy, had limited control over the paternity of their offspring. Our study highlights the need for reliable measures of male reproductive success in studies of sexual selection.

Dissecting the complex genetic basis of mate choice

The genetic analysis of mate choice is fraught with difficulties. Males produce complex signals and displays that can consist of a combination of acoustic, visual, chemical and behavioural phenotypes. Furthermore, female preferences for these male traits are notoriously difficult to quantify. During mate choice, genes not only affect the phenotypes of the individual they are in, but can influence the expression of traits in other individuals. How can genetic analyses be conducted to encompass this complexity? Tighter integration of classical quantitative genetic approaches with modern genomic technologies promises to advance our understanding of the complex genetic basis of mate choice.

Phenolic compounds in tea from Australian supermarkets

Phenolic compounds constitute 50-70% of tea water extract and are the main quality parameters for teas. Theaflavins (TF), thearubigins (TR) and theabrownins (TB) are the major polyphenols that determine the quality of black tea. These compounds were measured in 56 leaf teas and teabags sampled from Australian supermarkets in Queensland. The various quantities of TF, ranging from 0.29% to 1.25%, indicate a quality difference that exists among the teas studied. Low TF content in black tea may be due to over-fermenting and/or long periods of storage. The solubility of TR and TB from teabags ranged from 82% to 92%, indicating that the permeability of teabags was variable. Variable quantities of TF in Australian teas show instability and a tendency of TF to oxidize during storage. Total polyphenols in green teas ranged from 14% to 34%, indicating a large variation, which was not reflected in price. The solubility of total polyphenols from teabags has been proposed as a useful quality index of the filtering paper used for the teabags. This chemical analysis of phenolic compounds in commercial teas may be a potential tool for the quality control of Australian manufactured and imported teas in Australian markets. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of different models to describe egg and pupal development of Xyleborus fornicatus Eichh. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), the shot-hole borer of tea in Sri Lanka

Abstract Development data of eggs and pupae of Xyleborus fornicatus Eichh. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), the shot-hole borer of tea in Sri Lanka, at constant temperatures were used to evaluate a linear and seven nonlinear models for insect development. Model evaluation was based on fit to data (residual sum of squares and coefficient of determination or coefficient of nonlinear regression), number of measurable parameters, the biological value of the fitted coefficients and accuracy in the estimation of thresholds. Of the nonlinear models, the Lactin model fitted experimental data well and along with the linear model, can be used to describe the temperature-dependent development of this species.