999 resultados para Mamas - efeito dos produtos químicos


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Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

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Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular) - IBRC

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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do tratamento da manipueira de extração de fécula de mandioca, em separado da água de lavagem das raízes, através de biodigestores anaeróbicos de fluxo ascendente, com separação das fases, sem controle de temperatura ou adição de produtos químicos e, avaliar sua adequabilidade, através de suas características físicas e químicas para lançamento em corpo receptor, sistema público coletor de esgotos ou, aplicação em processod e fertirrigação. Depois dos reatores estabilizados, foram realizados ensaios variando a vazão de alimentação com 8,0; 12,0 e 16,0 L/d, correspondentes a um tempo de retenção hidráulica de 8,17; 5,44 e 4,08 dias, respectivamente. Os melhores resultados para redução da carga orgânica foram obtidos com os tempos de retenção hidráulica (TRH) de 8,17 e 5,44 dias com eficiências médias de 89,8% e 80,9%, respectivamente. As características físicas e químicas dos efluentes tratados foram comparadas com os valores estabelecidos na legislação estadual, federal e, com os parâmetros utilizados pelo orgão ambiental fiscalizador. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o efluente tratado atende parcialmente aos requisitos legais para o lançamento em corpos receptores, devido ao teor elevado de nitrogênio amoniacal. Por outro lado, foram atendidos integralmente os requisitos legais para o lançamento na rede pública coletora de esgotos. O efluente tratado não atendeu às recomendações requeridas pelo orgão ambiental fiscalizador para a sua disposição através do processo de fertirrigação devido aos teores elevados de ferro (Fe) e de fluoretos (F). Considerando os resultados obtidos, concluímos que, devido à simplicidade do sistema utilizado, com a implantação de melhorias como um pós-tratamento, poderiam ser atingidos os parâmetros que atenderiam integralmente a legislação.

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The aim of this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment of cassava wastewater, separately from the root washing water, by means of ascending flux anaerobic digesters, with separation of the phases, without temperature control or addition of chemical products and to evaluate its suitability by means of its physical and chemical characteristics for throwing in receiving body, public sewage system or application in fertilization and irrigation. After reactors had been stabilized, essays were conducted varying feeding flow with 8.0, 12.0 and 16.0 Ld-1 corresponding to a hydraulic retention time of 8.17, 5.44 and 4.08 days, respectively. The best reduction for organic load reduction were obtained with hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 8.17 and 5.44 days with mean efficiencies of 89.8 and 90.9%, respectively.

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The Brazilian textile industry has been a highlight in the global economy. Connected with this high economic performance there is the water consumption and the generation of great volumes of wastewater which present high concentrations of dyes and chemical substances. One of the main techniques used in the treatment of textile effluents is adsorption, which has the activated carbon as the main adsorbent. Recently, studies have been developed to find alternative materials to activated carbon and exhibiting good adsorption capacity of dyes. The aim of this work is to study the potential of sawdust as adsorbent of low cost to remove the dye Direct Green 26. The results of this type of dye removal were obtained through the study of adsorption isotherms obtained by spectrophotometry in the UV-visible region analyzed by the Langmuir model. Finally, a comparison was made of these results with those of other adsorbents. Results showed that the average removal of dye, using sawdust, was 78.8% for an initial concentration of 500mg / L and the maximum adsorption capacity of 119mg / g. These results demonstrate the great potential of sawdust as an adsorbent for the dye Direct Green 26.

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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Pesticids are chemical products used to control plagues (animal and vegetable) and plant diseases. Due to the process of automation occurred in the agriculture in 1960-1970, the agrotoxics began to be largely used in Brazil. Their physical-chemical proprieties, as well as the frequency of use, form of application, environmental biotic and abiotic characteristics and climatic conditions will determine their environmental destination. These variables will define the spectrum of environmental impacts and human health problems caused by the agrotoxics. The human health impacts might be acute or chronic, mainly upon neurological, reproductive and respiratory process. In the environment, the agrotoxics cause transformations and modifications in biota, water, soil and other ecosystems. To make farmworkers aware of alternatives to massive use of agrotoxics is the guarantee for an agriculture development more sustainable, without disorders in human health and in environment

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

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Usage of pesticies in excessive doses or in an inadequate way to control diseases, pests and weeds, has promoted significant environmental damage, contamination of animals, intoxication of farmers, among others. These factors lead to occur the resistance of weeds, pests and pathogens, the appearance of iatrogenic diseases, biological imbalance and reduction in biodiversity. Seeking less aggressive alternatives, plant extracts have been used successfully. Compared to synthetic products, they offer great advantages as generating new compounds, which pathogens are unable to inactivate, and are less toxic, of rapid degradation in the environment, they have broad modes of action, and are derived from renewable resources. It should be emphasized that there are some limitations on its use. The extracts have potencial as insecticide, fungicide, herbicide and nematicide and are considered of good efficiency. The methodologies for obtaining can be achieved through cold extraction, open and closed hot system. The use of plant extracts reappears as a promising and unique option for integrated management in plant protection, being considered as an alternative to control plant pathogens, demonstrating excellent results without causing harm to the environment and living beings.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)