St. Lawrence Seaway Authority fonds, 1984-1991, n.d.

The St. Lawrence Seaway is a system of locks, canals and channels. Construction of the seaway began in 1954 and it opened on April 25th, 1959. It consists of a 189 mile (306 kilometer) stretch of the seaway between Montreal and Lake Ontario. The Seaway is considered to be an engineering feat with 7 locks in the Montreal – Lake Ontario section which lift vessels to 246 feet (75 meters) above sea level. The 28 mile (44 kilometer) Welland Canal is the fourth version of a link between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. Today there are 8 Canadian locks which lift ships 326 feet (100 meters) over the Niagara Escarpment. The St. Lawrence Seaway Authority is a Canadian Government Crown Corporation which is financially self-sufficient. It depends on the tolls charged to the users of the Seaway for its revenue and operating expenses.

The Influence of Attentional Focus on the Self-Efficacy-Performance Relationship in a Continuous Running Task

The self-efficacy-performance relationship in continuous sport tasks has been shown to be significantly reciprocal yet unequal with stronger influences in the performance-to-self-efficacy pathway rather than self-efficacy-to-performance pathway (e.g., LaForge-MacKenzie & Sullivan, 2014b). Bandura (2012) suggested that sociocognitive variables may influence this relationship. Attention as a sociocognitve factor may bias the processing of performance and self-efficacy information (Bandura, 1982, 1997; Bandura & Jourden, 1991). As confidence and attention are important aspects of peak running performance (Brewer, Van Raalte, Linder, & VanRaalte, 1991), the primary purpose of the present study was to examine the self-efficacy-performance relationship under three conditions of attentional focus. The secondary purpose was to examine self-efficacy and performance as separate constructs under the same conditions of attention. Participants ran continuously for one kilometer in one of three randomly assigned attentional focus conditions: internal-focus (n = 51), external-focus (n = 50), and control (n = 49). Self-efficacy was assessed using a one-item measure every 200 meters. Path analyses examining the primary objective revealed significant self-efficacy-to-performance pathways in all conditions: external-focus (p < .05, βs ranging from -.17 to -.32), internal-focus (p < .05, βs ranging from -.26 to -.36), and control (p < .05, βs ranging from -.29 to -.42). Significant reciprocal relationships were absent in all conditions. ANOVAs examining the secondary objectives found significantly faster performance in the control condition at the start (F (2, 147) = 3.86, p < .05) and end of the task (F (2, 147) = 3.56, p < .05). Self-efficacy was significantly higher in the internal-focus condition at the end of the task (Self-Efficacy 4 (F (2, 147) = 3.21, p < .05) and Self-Efficacy 5 (F (2, 147) = 4.74, p < .05). In contrast to previous within-trial research (e.g., LaForge-MacKenzie & Sullivan, 2014b) self-efficacy-to-performance effects were more significant and robust than performance-to-self-efficacy effects. These results provided support for Bandura’s (2012) suggestion that sociocognitive factors may have the ability to alter the causal structure of the self-efficacy-performance relationship, proposing complexities in the self-efficacy-performance relationship (Sitzmann &Yeo, 2013). Results were discussed from both theoretical and applied perspectives.

Interrogation of Prisoner - Heaquarters 1st Division, American Expeditionary Forces, 27 May 1918

A prisoner interrogation report dated 27 May 1918. The report reads: "I. PRISONER X. 1st. Battalion, 272 Res. Rogt., 82d Res. 1. CIRCUMSTANCES OF CAPTURE; Captured, while attempting to raid our trenches, at point 1719 at about 7A.M. 2. INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM PRISONER (a) Between point 1814 and point 175242 the German trenches appear to be held by three companies, each numbering 3 platoons, each platoon numbering about 40 men. Each company has 4 light machine guns in the first lines, these machine guns distributed along the first trench (one of them in particular is located at bond in hostile trench at point 17215 and another at about 17245. Each company, furthermore, has one platoon (weak in numbers) in support in the ravine north of Cantigny. These platoons are in dugouts dug into the side of the hill approximately between points 28215 and 2223. Each of these support platoons has two light machine guns at its disposal. Company commanders dugout is at some point along the line of dugouts occupied by the support platoons. Another company commander's dugout (Co.3) is at point 1815 about 15 meters behind the German trench which runs along the edge of the town of Cantigny. There is a communication trench between the cemetery at 2018 and the front line at 18179. It is believed that there is a machine gun at point 17245 kept in a dugout dug under the road. The reserve battalion is believed to be at a fairly great distance from the front (near Bouillancourt). The prisoner, on the other hand, states that it may have been moved up."

Traduire le mètre, traduire le rythme : les poèmes de Sappho par Philippe Brunet

En 1991, Philippe Brunet publie une traduction inédite de la poétesse grecque archaïque du VII ème siècle avant J.-C., Sappho. Dans cette traduction, celui-ci a tenté d'imiter et de faire ressentir le mètre grec en français. La difficulté de cette entreprise réside dans le fait que le français n'est pas une langue à accent de mot et qu'il ne ressent pas la quantité des syllabes. Les mètres poétiques du français se basent en effet sur le nombre des syllabes et non sur leur quantité. À la Renaissance, une telle tentative d'imitation du mètre grec avait déjà été entreprise par Jean-Antoine de Baïf. Mais celui-ci, oubliant les particularités accentuelles du français, n'a pas réussi à développer un système adéquat. Philippe Brunet quant à lui a su utiliser ces règles accentuelles françaises pour faire ressentir à son lecteur quelque chose du rythme quantitatif grec. Se servant autant de l'accent tonique que de l'accent initial, son système respecte dans son ensemble la langue française tout en créant un rythme nouveau. Une fois cette traduction comparée à d'autres, on peut également voir à quel point ses recherches sémantiques et prosodiques aident à la réalisation de ce rythme particulier. M ots-clé : Sappho, grec, traduction, rythme, mètre, métrique, accent.

Évaluation de l’effet des vagues de bateau sur les conditions hydrauliques près des berges en milieu fluvial

Les vagues de bateau ajoutent une pression supplémentaire sur les berges de rivières et doivent être considérées dans les modèles de prédiction des taux de recul des berges. L’objectif de cette étude est d’examiner le rôle des vagues de bateau sur l’écoulement et le transport en suspension le long des berges en milieu fluvial. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous utilisons un transect perpendiculaire à la berge de quatre courantomètres électromagnétiques (ECMs) mesurant deux dimensions de l’écoulement et deux turbidimètres (OBSs) placés dos à dos, orientés vers la berge et le large pour mesurer les conditions moyennes et turbulentes de l’écoulement longitudinal et vertical ainsi que les flux de sédiments en suspension provoqués par les vagues. Une chaloupe à moteur de 16 pieds, équipée d’un moteur 40 hp, a été utilisée afin de générer des vagues. Nous avons mesuré l’effet de trois distances à partir de la berge (5, 10, 15 m) et trois vitesses de bateau (5, 15 et 25 km/h) et cinq répliques de chaque combinaison de distance et de vitesse ont été réalisées, totalisant 45 passages. Nous avons caractérisé la variabilité des conditions d’écoulement, de vagues et de transport de sédiments et nous avons réalisé des analyses spectrales afin de séparer les portions oscillatoire et turbulente de l’écoulement généré par les vagues de bateau. L’effet de la distance et de la vitesse du bateau sur le transport de sédiments est non-linéaire et la réponse sédimentaire induite par les passages de bateau montre une variabilité importante entre les répliques et les deux sondes OBS, ce qui suggère un changement morphologique induit par les vagues de bateau. Les corrélations entre les variables d’écoulement et de transport montrent l’importance des relations entre le cisaillement et la puissance de la portion turbulente de l’écoulement avec le transport de sédiments. Cette étude a permis de quantifier les relations entre la dynamique des vagues et les flux de concentrations de sédiments en suspension, ce qui représente une contribution importante au développement de mesures de mitigation dans les environnements fluviaux où les berges sont fragilisées par le trafic plaisancier.

Relations entre la mobilité, la condition physique et les fonctions cognitives dans une perspective de vieillissement sain

Thèse effectuée en cotutelle (Université de Poitiers, France)

Le rôle de la mototaxi dans les pratiques intermodales et multimodales : le cas de Hanoi, Vietnam

Les transports artisanaux servent souvent à combler un vide laissé par les transports publics (organisés par l’État) dans les pays du Sud global. En prenant le cas de Hanoi (Vietnam), ce mémoire aborde le rôle de la mototaxi dans les habitudes de mobilité, ainsi que son potentiel à agir comme complément modal au transport public actuel et à venir. Cette recherche met en exergue la relation entre transport public et mototaxi, basée sur des observations directes, des entretiens et une enquête auprès d’usagers du transport public. On y découvre que les usagers du transport public ne les intègrent que sporadiquement à leurs pratiques intermodales et multimodales, en raison de prix trop élevés et de manquement à la sécurité. Parallèlement, des compagnies de mototaxi, récemment fondées et qui promettent des services plus sécuritaires et une tarification claire (grâce à l’utilisation de compteurs), prospèrent à Hanoi, alors que les mototaxis indépendantes voient leur clientèle diminuer. Ces compagnies doivent leur succès à leur capacité à offrir des services bien adaptés aux conditions locales (rues étroites, circulation dense, etc.) et aux besoins des hanoiens (en terme de sécurité, notamment) et ouvrent de nouvelles opportunités dans les pratiques intermodales et multimodales.

Propagation of Microwaves in the Troposphere with Potential Application to GPS based Navigation and Meteorology with emphasis on Indian region

Global Positioning System (GPS), with its high integrity, continuous availability and reliability, revolutionized the navigation system based on radio ranging. With four or more GPS satellites in view, a GPS receiver can find its location anywhere over the globe with accuracy of few meters. High accuracy - within centimeters, or even millimeters is achievable by correcting the GPS signal with external augmentation system. The use of satellite for critical application like navigation has become a reality through the development of these augmentation systems (like W AAS, SDCM, and EGNOS, etc.) with a primary objective of providing essential integrity information needed for navigation service in their respective regions. Apart from these, many countries have initiated developing space-based regional augmentation systems like GAGAN and IRNSS of India, MSAS and QZSS of Japan, COMPASS of China, etc. In future, these regional systems will operate simultaneously and emerge as a Global Navigation Satellite System or GNSS to support a broad range of activities in the global navigation sector.Among different types of error sources in the GPS precise positioning, the propagation delay due to the atmospheric refraction is a limiting factor on the achievable accuracy using this system. The WADGPS, aimed for accurate positioning over a large area though broadcasts different errors involved in GPS ranging including ionosphere and troposphere errors, due to the large temporal and spatial variations in different atmospheric parameters especially in lower atmosphere (troposphere), the use of these broadcasted tropospheric corrections are not sufficiently accurate. This necessitated the estimation of tropospheric error based on realistic values of tropospheric refractivity. Presently available methodologies for the estimation of tropospheric delay are mostly based on the atmospheric data and GPS measurements from the mid-latitude regions, where the atmospheric conditions are significantly different from that over the tropics. No such attempts were made over the tropics. In a practical approach when the measured atmospheric parameters are not available analytical models evolved using data from mid-latitudes for this purpose alone can be used. The major drawback of these existing models is that it neglects the seasonal variation of the atmospheric parameters at stations near the equator. At tropics the model underestimates the delay in quite a few occasions. In this context, the present study is afirst and major step towards the development of models for tropospheric delay over the Indian region which is a prime requisite for future space based navigation program (GAGAN and IRNSS). Apart from the models based on the measured surface parameters, a region specific model which does not require any measured atmospheric parameter as input, but depends on latitude and day of the year was developed for the tropical region with emphasis on Indian sector.Large variability of atmospheric water vapor content in short spatial and/or temporal scales makes its measurement rather involved and expensive. A local network of GPS receivers is an effective tool for water vapor remote sensing over the land. This recently developed technique proves to be an effective tool for measuring PW. The potential of using GPS to estimate water vapor in the atmosphere at all-weather condition and with high temporal resolution is attempted. This will be useful for retrieving columnar water vapor from ground based GPS data. A good network of GPS could be a major source of water vapor information for Numerical Weather Prediction models and could act as surrogate to the data gap in microwave remote sensing for water vapor over land.

Dynamics and Thermodynamics of the Arabian Sea Warm Pool

The present study examines the importance of low saline waters and resulting barrier layer in the dynamics of the ASWP using observational data.The oceanic general circulation models (OGCM) are very useful for exploring the processes responsible for the ASWP and their variability. The circulation and thermohaline structure stimulated by an OGCM changes a lot when the resolution is increased from mesoscale to macro scale. For a reasonable simulation of the ASWP, we must include the mesoscale turbulence in numerical models. Especially the SEAS is an eddy prominent region with a horizontal dimension of 100 to 500 km and vertical extent of hundred meters. These eddies may have an important role on the evolution of ASWP, which has not been explored so far.Most of the earlier studies in the SEAS showed that the heat buildup in the mixed layer during the pre-monsoon (March-May) is primarily driven by the surface heat flux through the ocean-atmosphere interface, while the 3-dimensional heat budget of the ML physical processes that are responsible for the formation of the ASWP are unknown. With this background the present thesis also examines the relative importance of mixed layer processes that lead to the formation of warm pool in the SEAS.

Heterotrophic bacteria from the continental slope sediments of arabian sea

The marine environment is indubitably the largest contiguous habitat on Earth. Because of its vast volume and area, the influence of the world ocean on global climate is profound and plays an important role in human welfare and destiny. The marine environment encompasses several habitats, from the sea surface layer down through the bulk water column, which extends >10,000 meters depth, and further down to the habitats on and under the sea floor. Compared to surface habitats, which have relatively high kinetic energy, deep-ocean circulation is very sluggish. By comparison, life in the deep sea is characterized by a relatively constant physical and chemical environment. Deep water occupying the world ocean basin is a potential natural resource based on its properties such as low temperature, high pressure and relatively unexplored properties. So, a judicious assessment of the marine resources and its management are essential to ensure sustainable development of the country’s ocean resources. Marine sediments are complex environments that are affected by both physiological and biological factors, water movements and burrowing animals. They encompass a large extent of aggregates falling from the surface waters. In aquatic ecosystems, the flux of organic matter to the bottom sediments depend on primary productivity at the ocean surface and water depth. Over 50% of the earth’s surface is covered by deep-sea sediments that are primarily formed through the continual deposition of particles from the productive pelagic waters (Vetriani et al., 1999). These aggregates are regarded as ‘hot spots’ of microbial activity in the ocean (Simon et al., 2002). This represents a good nutritional substrate for heterotrophic bacteria and favours bacterial growth

A Privacy Conscious Bluetooth Infrastructure for Location Aware Computing

We present a low cost and easily deployed infrastructure for location aware computing that is built using standard Bluetooth® technologies and personal computers. Mobile devices are able to determine their location to room-level granularity with existing bluetooth technology, and to even greater resolution with the use of the recently adopted bluetooth 1.2 specification, all while maintaining complete anonymity. Various techniques for improving the speed and resolution of the system are described, along with their tradeoffs in privacy. The system is trivial to implement on a large scale – our network covering 5,000 square meters was deployed by a single student over the course of a few days at a cost of less than US$1,000.

Preoxigenacion con volumen corriente y capacidad vital en voluntarios sanos a 2600 metros

En la literatura existen descritas varias técnicas de preoxigenación aplicadas a diferentes pacientes y realizadas con diferentes flujos o fracciones inspiradas de oxigeno, sin embargo no se encuentran descripciones ni estudios realizados con respecto a este tópico en pacientes ubicados por encima de los 1000 mts sobre el nivel del mar. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir el patrón de saturación con oxigeno al 100% obteniendo fracción espirada de oxígeno (EtO2) >90% y Saturación de oxígeno (SaO2) > 99%, así como el patrón de normalización de la saturación de oxigeno con una fracción inspirada del 21% con cuatro técnicas estandarizadas de preoxigenación, en personas voluntarias sanas pertenecientes a la Fundación Cardio Infantil a 2600 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Materiales y métodos: Este es un estudio cuasiexperimental en personas adultas voluntarias sanas pertenecientes a la Fundación Cardio Infantil, los cuales son sometidos a toma de saturación de oxígeno basal y luego se les aplica preoxigenación con fracción inspirada oxigeno (FiO2) al 100% con un flujo de 10Lt/min, mediante sello de máscara facial con arnés: Simultáneamente se realiza una medición de la fracción espirada de oxígeno (ETO2) y oximetría de pulso (SaO2) cada 15 segundos con cada una de las cuatro pruebas de preoxigenación (volumen corriente por 3 minutos, 8 capacidades vitales, volumen corriente hasta ETO2 de =90% y capacidades vitales hasta ETO2 =90%) y luego medición del tiempo de normalización de la saturación respirando al oxígeno con FiO2 al 21 % hasta alcanzar nuevamente la SaO2 basal, con cada técnica. Resultados: No existe diferencia significativa en la aplicación de las técnicas de preoxigenación ni tampoco en el tiempo de normalización de la saturación de oxígeno con FiO2 al 21 % al nivel de Bogotá con las cuatro técnicas de preoxigenación aplicadas a nuestros pacientes. Conclusión: Las cuatro técnicas de preoxigenación son efectivas, sin embargo recomendamos el uso de técnicas que buscan una ETO2=90%. Por otra parte encontramos que el tiempo de recuperación de la saturación basal es de 3,9 minutos en personas voluntarias sanas a 2600 mts sobre el nivel del mar, la cual es inferior comparada con los 10 minutos que toma la normalización de la saturación de oxígeno a 0 mts sobre el nivel del mar descritos previamente en la literatura. Hace falta realizar estudios de preoxigenación y apnea en pacientes a nuestra altura (2600 mts sobre el nivel del mar) para confirmar que el tiempo de desaturación es significativamente menor que a nivel del mar. Palabras Claves: Preoxigenación, Fracción espirada de O2 (EtO2), saturación de oxígeno (SaO2).

Niveles de hemoglobina en los que se indica transfundir en el Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá

Introducción: En los pacientes críticamente enfermos la terapia transfusional es una práctica común. Dentro de los estudios realizados no se han incluido a las ciudades a mayor altura. Este estudio pretende determinar los niveles de hemoglobina sobre los cuales se está transfundiendo a los pacientes en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá a 2600 metros sobre el nivel del mar, para determinar si los niveles de hemoglobina a los que se transfunde a nuestra altura son los óptimos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, de los pacientes que fueron hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo del Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá a partir del 01 de Junio de 2011 y hasta el 31 de Mayo de 2012. Resultados: Del total de los registros analizados el 13,8% de los pacientes presentaron una hemoglobina ≤ 7 y todos fueron transfundidos con glóbulos rojos; y en el rango de 7,1-9 se presentó el mayor porcentaje de transfusión. Se observó que los pacientes con hemoglobina ≤ 7 tienen 18,8 veces mayor riego de fallecimiento, lo que fue estadísticamente significativo (p:0,000). Conclusiones: Encontramos que la terapia transfusional en la unidad de cuidado intensivo, se realiza de acuerdo a recomendaciones dadas por las guías de manejo universalmente aceptadas. Dentro de los resultados de nuestro estudio podemos resaltar una tasa de mortalidad más alta en los pacientes en los cuales se instaura terapia transfusional con un nivel de hemoglobina por debajo de 7g/dl.

El efecto de la evaluación del desempeño para alcanzar el rendimiento deseado: un estudio de caso en el hospital santa marta en Samacá-Boyacá. Colombia - enfoque a teoría de restricciones - armonía del ambiente laboral

Este trabajo se centró en enfocar, El efecto de la Evaluación del desempeño para alcanzar el rendimiento deseado, aplicado a Teoría de Restricciones (TOC) encaminándolo a una profundización desde la mirada que permite TOC para la solución de problemas identificando los efectos indeseables del sistema, reconociendo el impacto de la evaluación del desempeño y proponiendo la solución para el mejoramiento a través de la comprensión del problema y diseño de estrategias para el cambio y alcanzar las metas propuestas y entender cuál es el mejor medidor que conduzca a hacer lo que es correcto. Los medidores de desempeño del sector salud en Colombia están basados en el cumplimiento de los parámetros de aseguramiento de la calidad. Los modelos gerenciales utilizados hasta ahora, son basados en el principio de autoridad (alguien manda y alguien obedece) y los parámetros de Evaluación del desempeño son indicadores “fríos” que no necesariamente explican la interacción entre los involucrados. Bajo una entrevista semi-estructurada, se abarcó el tema de valores institucionales, y personales, la importancia de su labor para la buena gestión organizacional y la Evaluación de desempeño aplicada sobre su actividad laboral. Se utilizan los procesos de pensamiento de Teoría de Restricciones (TOC) para identificar la problemática, con herramientas particulares de análisis lógico, conocidas como procesos de pensamiento, para detectar paradigmas que sean responsables de la utilización de los medidores actuales e identificar cuál de estos no permite generar los resultados deseados. De esa manera, permite plantear la solución del conflicto para logar las metas institucionales.

Participació de les aigües subterrànies en la gènesi d'ambients palustres continentals: el cas dels prats de Sant Sebastià (Caldes de Malavella, Girona)

The area known as 'prats de Sant Sebastià' is in Caldes de Malavella. It is part of the wetlands located in the south-eastern end of the Selva Basin. Several areas with unusually high conductivity (EC up to 24,500 uS/cm) have been identified in this place. This fact allows highly specialised and comparatively rare botanical species to grow in this area. These saline soils follow a north-south line-up. The geophysical data, obtained with a field conductivemeter (EM 31), show that this superficial line-up continues in the subsoil. In addition to this, the conductivity cartography, made for an electromagnetic exploration depth of 6 meters, shows that the width of the region where these salinity anomalies take place increases in depth. When included in the hidrogeological context of this sector of the Selva Basin, these data bring new elements for the study of the genesis and working of these marshy environments. The model that future research will have to confirm, maintains that the groundwater discharges coming from the underlying hydrogeothermal aquifer are a conditioning factor of the aforementioned phenomenon. This ascending flow of highly mineralised waters (TDS of about 3,500 mg/l) can produce and keep stable the soil salinity