Fundamentos teóricos para una didáctica del español en contextos de interculturalidad. Subjetividad, lengua y diversidad cultural en educación

En el texto El dinamismo lingüístico en el aula intercultural. Su aplicación en talleres para docentes (en prensa),Angelita Martínez, Adriana Speranza y Guillermo Fernández brindan fundamentos conceptuales para la construcción de secuencias didácticas en el contexto de la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera. En el capítulo "Diversidad lingüística y enseñanza de la lengua: hacia la concreción de una práctica educativa que contemple la realidad multicultural de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y la Provincia de Buenos Aires", se refieren a la consideración de antecedentes de intervención en el marco de políticas educativas vinculadas con la educación intercultural en Argentina. Ello supone tener en cuenta el trabajo de investigaciones dedicadas a la problemática del contacto lingüístico, incluyendo el bilingüismo, en diversas situaciones que incumben al trabajo docente en las aulas. En el texto se rescata el conocimiento obtenido a través del trabajo efectuado con docentes y estudiantes. Añaden que los resultados de las investigaciones sobre la temática de las variedades del español en situaciones de contacto con otras lenguas posibilitan avanzar con respecto a la elaboración de propuestas docentes en el marco de la integración. La existencia del interculturalismo se presenta de este modo como un fenómeno que enriquece la práctica y la capacitación docente en los contextos áulicos. Cabe añadir al respecto que la realidad lingüística y cultural en la actualidad está surcada por movimientos migratorios que "impone un saber" a los profesionales de la educación, y que les suma la tarea de constituirse en lo que el sociólogo Tenti Fanfani (2006) llama "agentes culturales", a saber, responsables de acompañar los procesos de transformación que atraviesa la sociedad actual, más allá de impartir conocimientos disciplinares específicos. Es menester para este trabajo en el campo de la educación un enfoque complejo e interdisciplinario que promueva estrategias y enriquecimientos teóricos

EL TURISMO IDIOMÁTICO COMO INDUSTRIA CULTURAL. ESTADO DE LA CUESTIÓN EN LA ARGENTINA

Esta ponencia presenta las primeras conclusiones de una investigación sobre turismo educativo en Argentina. Forma parte de un Programa Área Estratégica de la Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, cuyo objetivo general es el desarrollo de la enseñanza del español lengua segunda y extranjera como una industria cultural del país. La enseñanza de las lenguas se debate entre políticas de mantenimiento del plurilingüismo y políticas tendientes al monolingüismo, lo que otorga a las industrias culturales un carácter estratégico. Estas abarcan un conjunto de actividades entre las que se destacan la editorial, los medios de comunicación y el Turismo Idiomático. Este último refiere a los viajes cuyo principal motivo es aprender un idioma, con el complemento del conocimiento de la cultura y de los atractivos naturales de un país. En Argentina ha crecido significativamente el número de extranjeros que arriban para aprender español y realizar actividades turísticas, lo que ha llevado a que el Turismo Idiomático sea incluido entre las políticas públicas sectoriales. La investigación tiene como meta el diseño de parámetros, de indicadores y de acciones institucionales para el desarrollo del Turismo Idiomático en el país. Actualmente se halla en la fase diagnóstica de relevamiento del estado de la cuestión, conceptualización y de análisis de oferta, demanda y motivaciones que dan lugar al Turismo Idiomático en Argentina.

Las orillas del español Argentina y España: discrepancias frecuentes en el léxico

El presente trabajo presenta una investigación de carácter exploratorio sobre el léxico de la lengua española, que, a partir de los listados de frecuencias del Corpus de Referencia del Español Actual (CREA), pretende detectar los adjetivos calificativos y los sustantivos que pueden generar problemas de comprensión entre la variedades europea y rioplatense del español, con una atención especial al español argentino. El objetivo del trabajo, por tanto, es encontrar las palabras más frecuentes del español que manifiesten una clara diferencia de forma, significado o uso entre estas dos variedades diatópicas o geográficas. De esta manera, se elaborará un glosario contrastivo, que supone el elemento central de este trabajo fin de grado. El valor de este trabajo en el campo de la traducción y de la interpretación se basa en la mitigación dialectal: por una parte, permitiría avisar al traductor de cuáles son las palabras más frecuentes del español que podrían generar problemas si se usaran en la región equivocada; por otra, serviría de aviso a navegantes, para que estos vocablos se eviten en la medida de lo posible en las actividades de mediación oral y escrita, y para que se elija la palabra adecuada según el público al que va destinada o el doblete oportuno a modo de explicación, es decir, el inciso entre paréntesis que indique el vocablo usado en la región correspondiente.

Variability Modeling Of Rainfall, Deforestation, And Incidence Of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis In Orán, Argentina, 1985-2007.

American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is a disease transmitted to humans by the female sandflies of the genus Lutzomyia. Several factors are involved in the disease transmission cycle. In this work only rainfall and deforestation were considered to assess the variability in the incidence of ATL. In order to reach this goal, monthly recorded data of the incidence of ATL in Orán, Salta, Argentina, were used, in the period 1985-2007. The square root of the relative incidence of ATL and the corresponding variance were formulated as time series, and these data were smoothed by moving averages of 12 and 24 months, respectively. The same procedure was applied to the rainfall data. Typical months, which are April, August, and December, were found and allowed us to describe the dynamical behavior of ATL outbreaks. These results were tested at 95% confidence level. We concluded that the variability of rainfall would not be enough to justify the epidemic outbreaks of ATL in the period 1997-2000, but it consistently explains the situation observed in the years 2002 and 2004. Deforestation activities occurred in this region could explain epidemic peaks observed in both years and also during the entire time of observation except in 2005-2007.

Homogeneidade e heterogeneidade nos sistemas educacionais: Argentina, Brasil, Chile e México

This study focus on the reconfiguration of educational management in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico, which was promoted by the new logic of social regulation and the new role attributed to the State, considering each country's own historicity. So, the cultural factors that interfere on the dynamics of the 90' school reform are analyzed. Aspects that show the homogeneity or heterogeneity of these reforms in the region, as well as local specificities that block out the concretization of the reform are underlined. It is shown that the historicity that characterizes the educational reform has taken, in each country, a form that can be called, in Mexico, conservative rupture; in Chile, conservative continuity; in Brazil, conservative renovation; and, in Argentina, interrupted rupture. Some conclusions about the impact of educational reform in the selected countries are recuperated through the analysis of 186 academic texts on the subject.

Redescription of Hiatella meridionalis d'Orbigny, 1846 (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Hiatellidae) from Argentina

The redescription of Hiatella meridionalis (d’Orbigny, 1846) is provided as first attempt to improve the systematics of the genus in the regions of Atlantic and western Pacific. This reanalysis is based on specimens collected in the vicinity of the type localities and is based on detailed morphology of samples that some researches consider a single, wide ranging species. From the morphological characters, the more interesting are: a high quantity of papillae at incurrent siphon; the retractor muscles of siphon divided in two bundles; the small size of the palps; the muscular ring in the stomach; and the zigzag fashion of the short intestinal loops. These characters distinguish the species from the other hiatellids so far examined. Type material of the species was examined, by first time illustrated, and the lectotype is designated.

Trabalho e imigração: uma comparação Brasil-Argentina

O artigo busca discutir um novo padrão migratório da Bolívia para o Brasil e para a Argentina, especialmente vinculado à precarização do trabalho e à inserção desses imigrantes em formas de trabalho precário. Esse padrão & aparentemente novo em relação à integração dos contingentes migrantes ao longo do século XX & vem produzindo consequências que ainda estão por ser mapeadas. Uma delas é a presença de um contingente de bolivianos confinado ao setor de costura, trabalhando e vivendo em oficinas clandestinas, com pouca visibilidade pública, como face de uma precarização mundializada, resultante do assim chamado “custo chinês”. Resultante de um balanço bibliográfico e de uma incursão exploratória na pesquisa de campo tanto em São Paulo como em Buenos Aires, o artigo pretende apontar para aspectos específicos do fenômeno, combinando olhares e perspectivas que cruzam as dimensões migratórias, geracionais e de gênero.

Genetic-morphometric variation in Culex quinquefasciatus from Brazil and La Plata, Argentina

Variation among natural populations of Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say is associated with different vectorial capacities. The species Cx. quinquefasciatus is present in the equatorial, tropical and subtropical zones in the Brazilian territory, with intermediate forms between Cx. quinquefasciatus and Culex pipiens occurring in regions of latitudes around 33°-35°S. Herein, we studied geographically distinct populations of Cx. quinquefasciatus by genetic characterization and analysis of intra-specific wing morphometrics. After morphological analysis, molecular characterization of Cx. quinquefasciatus and intermediate forms was performed by polymerase chain reaction of the polymorphic nuclear region of the second intron of the acetylcholinesterase locus. Additionally, the morphology of adult female wings collected from six locations was analyzed. Wing centroid sizes were significantly different between some geographical pairs. Mean values of R2/R2+3 differed significantly after pairwise comparisons. The overall wing shape represented by morphometric characters could be divided into two main groupings. Our data suggest that Brazilian samples are morphologically and genetically distinct from the Argentinean samples and also indicated a morphological distinction between northern and southern populations of Brazilian Cx. quinquefasciatus. We suggest that wing morphology may be used for preliminary assessment of population structure of Cx. quinquefasciatusin Brazil

Occurrence of Anopheles (Anopheles) neomaculipalpus Curry in north-western Argentina

Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (FONCyT)

Confederações indígenas em luta por participação política, comercial e territorial: Argentina, 1852 - 1859

Entre 1852 e 1859, a atual Argentina se encontrava politicamente dividida entre Buenos Aires e a Confederação, que congregava as demais Províncias. Nesse período, diferentes grupos étnicos dos pampas, dos Andes e da Patagônia se organizaram em confederações indígenas com o objetivo de enfrentar os avanços territoriais, defender suas autonomias e a participação em lucrativas redes de comércio. Nesta luta por autonomia política, territorial e comercial, negociaram com os grupos criollos em luta pelo poder, avaliaram seus projetos e aderiram a aquele que os reconheceu enquanto interlocutores políticos e aliados militares. Participantes ativos da política argentina, conseguiram reconquistar territórios e oferecer intensas resistências aos criollos.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ARRENOSEIUS WAINSTEIN (ACARI: PHYTOSEIIDAE) FROM BRAZIL AND A REDESCRIPTION OF A SIMILAR SPECIES FROM ARGENTINA

Arrenoseius gaucho n. sp. is described from the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Brazil, based on specimens collected on four plant species. A redescription of Arrenoseius tucumanensis (Sheals), the species most similar to A. gaucho n. sp., is provided based on the holotype.

Transfer and Reverse Transfer of Knowledge of International Acquisitions: the case of the acquisition of the Perez Companc by Petrobras in Argentina

The objective of this article was to analyze the processes of transfer and reverse trans fer of knowledge following. international acquisitions made by Brazilian multinational companies. Reverse transfer is understood,as the process of transferring knowledge from the acquired company to the acquirer. Therefore, a case study was conducted on the acquisition of the Perez Companc group by Petrobras in Argentina. The study is qualitative. Primary data were obtained and eight members of the international managing board of Petrobras were interviewed. After the first moment of integration, reported as conflictive, there was a better integration of the companies, mainly in the technical areas of, the oil and gas exploration activities. The size of Perez Companc, its aim (a company of energy, not only oil and gas company) and the length of time were critical factors for the transfer of best practices between the companies. The expatriation of the employees is seen as a key-tool, as well as the technical visits, for the transfer of knowledge.. An. additional contribution of the study was to present the results of the research on the process of transfer and reverse transfer of knowledge in Brazilian multinational companies, since most studies on the theme focus on the motivators and challenges concerning these processes.

The Internationalization Process as Generator Element of Dynamic Capacities: the case of WEG in Argentina and China

The objective of he article is to research the dynamic capacities developed and used by WEG in its internationalization process and to explain how these capacities help the company defends and supports competitive advantage. The article presents an exploratory study of the internationalization process of WEG in Argentina and China. This article has as analysis approach the dynamic capacities, contributes to the literature of international management in two aspects. First, it adds the analytical look of the internationalization based on dynamic capacities that are still well restricted. Second, when working the dynamic capacities as central element of the analysis of the internationalization process, it Proposes one framework of integrative analysis of the economic and behavioral theories that are used to explain the process of companies`-internationalization, although they are dealt independently and sometimes antagonistic way. The result shows as the dynamic capacities are articulated in the base of WEG in its process of internationalization for Argentina and the subsequent movement for China. The developed dynamic capacities in Argentina were acquired for the Brazilian headquarter and could have been applied in the process of internationalization for China. However, a more complex organizational structure cannot be identified where the inter-subsidiary relationships could share dynamic capacities as proposed in framework.

Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of a new catfish species from northeastern Argentina with comments on the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Rhamdella Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1888 (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae)

Rhamdella cainguae, a new species of the family Heptapteridae is described from the Arroyo Cuna-Piru, a tributary of the Rio Parana, in the subtropical forest of Misiones, northeastern Argentina. The presence of a large differentiated ovoid area on the supraorbital laterosensory canal along the frontal-sphenotic boundary, delimited by the slender dorsal walls of the bones, and with no foramen for a laterosensory branch, is an autapomorphy for R. cainguae. A detailed description of the skeleton and laterosensory system of R. cainguae is provided. The genus Rhamdella is rediagnosed on the basis of three autapomorphies: a very large opening in the frontal for the exit of the s6 ( epiphyseal) branch of the supraorbital laterosensory canal ( reversed in R. rusbyi), a large optic foramen, and a dark stripe along the lateral surface of the body ( reversed in R. rusbyi). Rhamdella is considered to be the sister group of a large heptapterid clade composed of the Nemuroglanis sub-clade plus the genera Brachyglanis, Gladioglanis, Leptorhamdia, and Myoglanis. Rhamdella is herein restricted to five valid species: R. aymarae, R. cainguae, R. eriarcha, R. longiuscula, and R. rusbyi. A sister group relationship between R. aymarae and R. rusbyi is supported by three synapomorphies. Rhamdella cainguae shares 12 apomorphic features with R. eriarcha and R. longiuscula.