Hevosen ähkykirurgia : [osa] 3 : hevosen ähkytyypit - anatominen jako

Summary: Colic surgery in the horse : [part] 3 : surgical colics divided by the location of the lesion

Alfa-toksisen Staphylococcus aureuksen aiheuttama nekrotisoiva mastiitti : tapausselostus

Summary: Gangrenous mastitis caused by alpha-toxic Staphylococcus aureus - a case report

Teor e capacidade máxima de adsorção de arsênio em Latossolos brasileiros

A alta toxicidade do As aos animais e humanos e a possibilidade de existência de grande número de áreas contaminadas tornam imprescindível o conhecimento do teor semitotal em solos ditos não-contaminados e dos processos de adsorção do As em solos de carga variável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o teor e a capacidade máxima de adsorção de As (CMADS AS) em Latossolos. O teor total foi determinado pelo método USEPA 3051A, e a CMADS As, com auxílio de isotermas de Langmuir com base nos valores de adsorção obtidos em dose de As (0, 90, 190, 380, 760 e 1.150 µmol L-1) (relação solo:solução final = 1:100), a pH 5,5 e força iônica de 15 mmol L-1. Os 17 Latossolos apresentaram teor médio total de As de 5,92 mg kg-1 e CMADS As média de 2.013 mg kg-1. O teor de argila e os óxidos de Fe e Al apresentaram influência positiva na CMADS As.

Tough adults, frail babies: an analysis of stress sensitivity across early life-history stages of widely introduced marine invertebrates

All ontogenetic stages of a life cycle are exposed to environmental conditions so that population persistence depends on the performance of both adults and offspring. Most studies analysing the influence of abiotic conditions on species performance have focussed on adults, while studies covering early life-history stages remain rare. We investigated the responses of early stages of two widely introduced ascidians, Styela plicata and Microcosmus squamiger, to different abiotic conditions. Stressors mimicked conditions in the habitats where both species can be found in their distributional ranges and responses were related to the selection potential of their populations by analysing their genetic diversity. Four developmental stages (egg fertilisation, larval development, settlement, metamorphosis) were studied after exposure to high temperature (30°C), low salinities (26 and 22 ) and high copper concentrations (25, 50 and 100 µg/L). Although most stressors effectively led to failure of complete development (fertilisation through metamorphosis), fertilisation and larval development were the most sensitive stages. All the studied stressors affected the development of both species, though responses differed with stage and stressor. S. plicata was overall more resistant to copper, and some stages of M. squamiger to low salinities. No relationship was found between parental genetic composition and responses to stressors. We conclude that successful development can be prevented at several life-history stages, and therefore, it is essential to consider multiple stages when assessing species' abilities to tolerate stress. Moreover, we found that early development of these species cannot be completed under conditions prevailing where adults live. These populations must therefore recruit from elsewhere or reproduce during temporal windows of more benign conditions. Alternatively, novel strategies or behaviours that increase overall reproductive success might be responsible for ensuring population survival.

Desempenho da mistura forrageira de aveia-preta mais azevém e atributos químicos do solo em função da aplicação de esterco líquido de suínos

A produção de matéria seca de pastagens anuais de inverno normalmente é baixa em virtude da limitação de nutrientes disponíveis no solo, a qual pode ser corrigida com o uso de esterco líquido de suínos (ELS). Realizou-se um experimento, de maio a novembro de 2003, visando avaliar a eficiência do esterco líquido de suínos sobre a produção de matéria seca e N-cobertura vegetal da mistura de aveia e azevém, bem como sobre alguns atributos químicos de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, nas camadas de 0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, sendo constituído por quatro tratamentos, 0, 20, 40 e 80 m³ ha-1 de ELS, aplicados aos 48 e aos 116 dias após emergência das culturas. A aplicação de 80 m³ ha-1 resultou em aumento de 34 % de matéria seca acumulada em relação à testemunha. À medida que as doses de ELS foram aplicadas, houve aumento dos teores de N mineral apenas na camada de solo de 0-5 cm de profundidade. A aplicação de ELS influenciou o aumento dos teores de K no solo apenas na camada de 0-5 cm de profundidade e provocou aumento no pH e diminuição do Al3+ trocável até 20 cm de profundidade. Houve aumento na quantidade de N na cobertura vegetal conforme as doses de ELS aplicadas, com acréscimo de 0,09 mg dm-3 para cada m³ de ELS aplicado.

Clostridium tetanin todennäköisesti aiheuttama jäykkäkouristus nautaeläimellä : kaksi tapausselostusta

Summary: Bovine tetany probably caused by Clostridium tetani - two case reports

Rat splanchnic net oxygen consumption. Energetic implications

1. The blood flow, PO2, pH and PCO2 have been estimated in portal and suprahepatic veins as well as in hepatic artery of fed and overnight starved rats given an oral glucose load. From these data the net intestinal, hepatic and splanchnic balances for oxygen and bicarbonate were calculated. The oxygen consumption of the intact animal has also been measured under comparable conditions. 2. The direct utilization of oxygen balances as energy equivalents when establishing the contribution of energy metabolism of liver and intestine to the overall energy expenses of the rat, has been found to be incorrect, since it incorporates the intrinsic error of interorgan proton transfer through bicarbonate. Liver and intestine produced high net bicarbonate balances in all situations tested, implying the elimination (by means of oxidative pathways, i.e. consuming additional oxygen) of high amounts of H+ generated with bicarbonate. The equivalence in energy output of the oxygen balances was then corrected for bicarbonate production to 11-54% lower values. 3. Intestine and liver consume a high proportion of available oxygen, about one-half in basal (fed or starved) conditions and about one-third after gavage, the intestine consumption being about 15% in all situations tested and the liver decreasing its oxygen consumption with gavage.