Effects of a fire response trait on diversification in replicated radiations.

Fire has been proposed as a factor explaining the exceptional plant species richness found in Mediterranean regions. A fire response trait that allows plants to cope with frequent fire by either reseeding or resprouting could differentially affect rates of species diversification. However, little is known about the generality of the effects of differing fire response on species evolution. We study this question in the Restionaceae, a family that radiated in Southern Africa and Australia. These radiations occurred independently and represent evolutionary replicates. We apply Bayesian approaches to estimate trait-specific diversification rates and patterns of climatic niche evolution. We also compare the climatic heterogeneity of South Africa and Australia. Reseeders diversify faster than resprouters in South Africa, but not in Australia. We show that climatic preferences evolve more rapidly in reseeder lineages than in resprouters and that the optima of these climatic preferences differ between the two strategies. We find that South Africa is more climatically heterogeneous than Australia, independent of the spatial scale we consider. We propose that rapid shifts between states of the fire response trait promote speciation by separating species ecologically, but this only happens when the landscape is sufficiently heterogeneous.

Report on a review of certain Unemployment Insurance payments made by Iowa Workforce Development during the period January 1, 2006 through March 15, 2011

Report on a review of certain Unemployment Insurance payments made by Iowa Workforce Development during the period January 1, 2006 through March 15, 2011

Audit report on the Gilbert/Franklin Township Fire and Emergency Response Agency for the year ended June 30, 2012

Audit report on the Gilbert/Franklin Township Fire and Emergency Response Agency for the year ended June 30, 2012

Willigness to pay for long-term care coverage: the role of private information and self-insurance

Both public and private insurance for long-term care is undeveloped in some European countries such as in Spain and empirical evidence is still limited. This paper aims at exmining the determinants of the demand for Long Term Care (LTC) coverage in Spain using contingent valuation techniques. Our findings indicate that only one-fifth of the population is willing to pay to assure coverage decisions are significantly affected by private information asymmetry and housing tenure in giving rise to self-insurance reduces the probability of insurance being hypothetically purchased.

The Unemployment Benefit System: a Redistributive or an Insurance Institution?

[eng] In this paper we analyze how the composition of labor taxation affects unemployment in a unionized economy with capital accumulation and an unemployment benefit system. We show that if the unemployment benefit system is gross Bismarckian then the unemployment rate is reduced if wage taxes are decreased (and thus payroll taxes are increased). However, if the unemployment benefit system is net Bismarckian then the unemployment rate does not depend on how the system is financed. Besides, in a Beveridgean system the labor tax composition does not affect the unemployment rate if and only if the unemployed do not pay taxes and the employed pay a constant marginal tax rate. We also analyze when an unemployment benefit budget-balanced rule makes the economy to have a hysteresis process.

Audit report on the Northeast Iowa Schools Insurance Trust for the year ended June 30, 2012

Audit report on the Northeast Iowa Schools Insurance Trust for the year ended June 30, 2012

Report on a review of selected general and application controls over the Iowa Department of Workforce Development (IWD) MyIowaUI and Unemployment Insurance Benefit systems for the period April 16, 2012 through May 4, 2012

Report on a review of selected general and application controls over the Iowa Department of Workforce Development (IWD) MyIowaUI and Unemployment Insurance Benefit systems for the period April 16, 2012 through May 4, 2012

Consumer Advisory: Navigating the New Health Insurance Marketplace, September 2013

The Attorney General’s Consumer Protection Division receives hundreds of calls and consumer complaints every year. Follow these tips to avoid unexpected expense and disappointments. This record is about: Navigating the New Health Insurance Marketplace

Report on a review of selected general and application controls over the Iowa Department of Workforce Development’s MyIowaUI and Unemployment Insurance Benefits systems for the period April 29, 2013 through May 10, 2013

Report on a review of selected general and application controls over the Iowa Department of Workforce Development’s MyIowaUI and Unemployment Insurance Benefits systems for the period April 29, 2013 through May 10, 2013

Iowa Department of Commerce, Iowa Insurance Division Performance Report, FY 2004

Agency Performance Report

Iowa Department of Commerce, Iowa Insurance Division Performance Report, FY 2005

Agency Performance Report

Iowa Department of Commerce, Iowa Insurance Division Performance Report, FY 2006

Agency Performance Report

Iowa Department of Commerce, Iowa Insurance Division Performance Report, FY 2007

Agency Performance Report