CMOS indoor light energy harvesting system for wireless sensing applications

This book discusses in detail the CMOS implementation of energy harvesting. The authors describe an integrated, indoor light energy harvesting system, based on a controller circuit that dynamically and automatically adjusts its operation to meet the actual light circumstances of the environment where the system is placed. The system is intended to power a sensor node, enabling an autonomous wireless sensor network (WSN). Although designed to cope with indoor light levels, the system is also able to work with higher levels, making it an all-round light energy harvesting system. The discussion includes experimental data obtained from an integrated manufactured prototype, which in conjunction with a photovoltaic (PV) cell, serves as a proof of concept of the desired energy harvesting system. © 2016 Springer International Publishing. All rights are reserved.

Avaliação da qualidade do ar e classificação energética de uma piscina coberta e propostas de melhoria

A presente dissertação tem dois objetivos, o primeiro é a realização de uma auditoria energética e avaliação da qualidade do ar às instalações de uma Piscina Municipal, permitindo a sua classificação energética, e o segundo é o estudo de propostas de melhoria que contribuam para uma melhor eficiência energética do edifício. Na análise à qualidade do ar interior os parâmetros avaliados encontravam-se todos dentro dos limites estabelecidos por lei, com exceção dos valores de COVs que em dois pontos de medição (ambos na nave) ultrapassaram os limites estabelecidos por lei. A auditoria ao edifício permitiu verificar que o caudal mínimo de água nova nas piscinas imposto por lei é cumprido pela instalação. No que diz respeito ao caudal de ar novo introduzido, este apenas é respeitado quando a unidade de tratamento de ar está a debitar 100% da sua capacidade. Quando a unidade opera a 50% da sua capacidade apresenta um défice de 5% do valor mínimo estabelecido. Relativamente às perdas energéticas associadas aos tanques de natação, estas apresentam um valor de 95,89 kW, em que 59,09 kW dizem respeito às perdas por evaporação. Foi também possível concluir que as perdas por evaporação representam cerca de 39% da energia calorifica produzida nas caldeiras. O edifício apresenta um consumo anual de eletricidade de 166 482 kWh em que 69% deste valor é provocado pelas unidades de tratamento de ar e a iluminação apresenta apenas um peso de 3%. Em relação ao gás natural consumido pelas caldeiras o seu valor anual é de 1 317 240 kWh. A simulação dinâmica do edifício permitiu concluir que este apresenta um IEE de 1 269,9 kWh/m2.ano. O rácio de classe energética (RIEE) é de 1,24 o que significa que o edifício pertence à classe energética C. As medidas estudadas para a melhoria da eficiência energética, nomeadamente integração energética com uma central de ciclo combinado, aplicação de cobertura isotérmica nas piscinas e substituição do telhado na zona da nave, mostraram-se viáveis. O estudo da possibilidade da realização de uma integração energética permitiu concluir que a poupança anual é de 9 374 € e o investimento é recuperado em menos de 1,5 anos. Relativamente à aplicação de cobertura isotérmica o investimento é de 14 000 € e é recuperado em 2 anos. A substituição do telhado na zona da nave tem um investimento de 20 500 € e a recuperação realiza-se num período de 3,5 anos.

Children’s Indoor Exposures to (Ultra)Fine Particles in an Urban Area: Comparison Between School and Home Environments

Due to their detrimental effects on human health, scientific interest in ultrafine particles (UFP), has been increasing but available information is far from comprehensive. Children, who represent one of the most susceptible subpopulation, spend the majority of time in schools and homes. Thus, the aim of this study is to (1) assess indoor levels of particle number concentrations (PNC) in ultrafine and fine (20–1000 nm) range at school and home environments and (2) compare indoor respective dose rates for 3- to 5-yr-old children. Indoor particle number concentrations in range of 20–1000 nm were consecutively measured during 56 d at two preschools (S1 and S2) and three homes (H1–H3) situated in Porto, Portugal. At both preschools different indoor microenvironments, such as classrooms and canteens, were evaluated. The results showed that total mean indoor PNC as determined for all indoor microenvironments were significantly higher at S1 than S2. At homes, indoor levels of PNC with means ranging between 1.09 × 104 and 1.24 × 104 particles/cm3 were 10–70% lower than total indoor means of preschools (1.32 × 104 to 1.84 × 104 particles/cm3). Nevertheless, estimated dose rates of particles were 1.3- to 2.1-fold higher at homes than preschools, mainly due to longer period of time spent at home. Daily activity patterns of 3- to 5-yr-old children significantly influenced overall dose rates of particles. Therefore, future studies focusing on health effects of airborne pollutants always need to account for children’s exposures in different microenvironments such as homes, schools, and transportation modes in order to obtain an accurate representation of children overall exposure.

Combining WLAN fingerprint-based localization with sensor data for indoor navigation using mobile devices

This project proposes an approach for supporting Indoor Navigation Systems using Pedestrian Dead Reckoning-based methods and by analyzing motion sensor data available in most modern smartphones. Processes suggested in this investigation are able to calculate the distance traveled by a user while he or she is walking. WLAN fingerprint- based navigation systems benefit from the processes followed in this research and results achieved to reduce its workload and improve its positioning estimations.

Indoor location-based analytics systems: Portuguese market compettive assessment and entry procing strategy of BIPs' technology in Sonae Sierra Shopping malls stores

This project attempts to provide an in-depth competitive assessment of the Portuguese indoor location-based analytics market, and to elaborate an entry-pricing strategy for Business Intelligence Positioning System (BIPS) implementation in Portuguese shopping centre stores. The role of industry forces and company’s organizational resources platform to sustain company’s competitive advantage was explored. A customer value-based pricing approach was adopted to assess BIPS value to retailers and maximize Sonae Sierra profitability. The exploratory quantitative research found that there is a market opportunity to explore every store area types with tailored proposals, and to set higher-than-tested membership fees to allow a rapid ROI, concluding there are propitious conditions for Sierra to succeed in BIPS store’s business model in Portugal.

Swimming pool for Cheverton Residence Hall [originally East Hall], Chapman College, Orange, California

Swimming pool area for Cheverton Residence Hall [originally East Hall], Chapman College, Orange, California, ca. 1978.

Swimming pool, Cheverton Residence Hall [originally East Hall], Chapman College, Orange, California

Swimming pool for Cheverton Residence Hall [originally East Hall], Chapman College, Orange, California, ca. 1978. The dormitory was dedicated in 1959 as housing for women and torn down in 2002.

Chronic versus acute ingestion of sodium citrate: a randomized placebo controlled cross-over trial for swimming 200 metres in well-trained swimmers age 13-17

A double-blinded, placebo controlled, cross-over design was used to investigate sodium citrate dihydrate (Na-CIT) supplementation improve 200m swimming performance. Ten well-trained, male swimmers (14.9 ± 0.4y; 63.5 ± 4kg) performed four 200m time trials: acute (ACU) supplementation (0.5g/kg), acute placebo (PLC-A), chronic (CHR) (0.1g/kg for 3 days and 0.3g/kg on the 4th day pre-trial), and chronic placebo (PLC-C). Na-CIT was administered 120min pre-trial in solution with 500mL of flavored water; placebo was flavored water. Blood lactate, base excess (BE), bicarbonate, pH, and PCO2 were analyzed at basal, 100min post-ingestion, and 3min post-trial via finger prick. Time, lactate, and rate of perceived exertion were not different between trials. BE and bicarbonate were significantly higher for the ACU and CHR trials compared to placebo. “Responders” improved by 1.03% (P=0.043) and attained significantly higher post-trial lactate concentrations in the ACU versus PLC-A trials and compared to non-responders in the ACU and CHR trials.

Photograph - Woman in Swimming Attire with Dog

A woman in swimming attire sitting on sand with her arm around a dog. The dog is also wearing a hat.

Photograph - Swimming

A photograph of an individual swimming in a lake.

Photograph - Man and Child Swimming

A photograph of a man and child swimming together in a lake.

Patent pools and competition law : an examination of the enforcement strategies of competition authorities

"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit, option recherche"

Swimming upstream: navigating ethical practices in the creation of a participatory youth media workshop

Despite the growing popularity of participatory video as a tool for facilitating youth empowerment, the methodology and impacts of the practice are extremely understudied. This paper describes a study design created to examine youth media methodology and the ethical dilemmas that arose in its attempted implementation. Specifically, elements that added “rigor” to the study (i.e., randomization, pre- and post-measures, and an intensive interview) conflicted with the fundamental tenets of youth participation. The paper concludes with suggestions for studying participatory media methodologies that are more in line with an ethics of participation.

Organisation et modulation du réseau neuronal de la respiration chez la lamproie.

Les mécanismes neuronaux contrôlant la respiration sont présentement explorés à l’aide de plusieurs modèles animaux incluant le rat et la grenouille. Nous avons utilisé la lamproie comme modèle animal nous permettant de caractériser les réseaux de neurones du tronc cérébral qui génèrent et modulent le rythme respiratoire. Nous avons d’abord caractérisé une nouvelle population de neurones, dans le groupe respiratoire paratrigéminal (pTRG), une région du tronc cérébral essentielle à la genèse du rythme respiratoire chez la lamproie. Les neurones de cette région sont actifs en phase avec le rythme respiratoire. Nous avons montré que ces neurones possèdent une arborisation axonale complexe, incluant des projections bilatérales vers les groupes de motoneurones du tronc cérébral qui activent les branchies ainsi que des connexions reliant les pTRG de chaque côté du tronc cérébral. Ces résultats montrent que le pTRG contient un groupe de cellules qui active les motoneurones respiratoires des deux côtés et qui pourrait être impliqué dans la synchronisation bilatérale du rythme respiratoire. Nous avons ensuite étudié les mécanismes neuronaux par lesquels le rythme respiratoire est augmenté en lien avec l’effort physique. Nous avons montré que la région locomotrice du mésencéphale (MLR), en plus de son rôle dans la locomotion, active les centres respiratoires pendant la nage, et même en anticipation. Les neurones de la MLR projetant vers les centres locomoteurs et respiratoires sont ségrégés anatomiquement, les neurones localisés plus dorsalement étant ceux qui possèdent des projections vers les centres respiratoires. Nous avons aboli la contribution de la partie dorsale de la MLR aux changements respiratoires en injectant des bloqueurs des récepteurs glutamatergiques localement, sur des préparations semi-intactes. Nous avons montré que lors d’épisodes de nage, une majeure partie de l’effet respiratoire est abolie par ces injections, suggérant un rôle prépondérant des neurones de cette région dans l’augmentation respiratoire pendant la locomotion. Nos résultats confirment que le rythme respiratoire est généré par une région rostrolatérale du pons de la lamproie et montrent que des connexions des centres locomoteurs arrivent directement à cette région et pourraient être impliquées dans l’augmentation respiratoire reliée à l’effort physique.

Natural air conditioning, traditions and trends : high performance of sustainable indoor ventilation in a hot and dry climate

De nos jours, l'utilisation accrue de combustibles à base de fossiles et l'électricité met en péril l'environnement naturel à cause des niveaux élevés de pollution. Il est donc plausible de prévoir des économies d'énergie significatives grâce à la climatisation dite «naturelle»». En accord avec les objectifs acceptés à l'échelle internationale d'une architecture «verte» et durable, l'utilisation de cours intérieures associées aux capteurs de vent, aux murs-Trombe et à d'autres systèmes de climatisation naturelle (aussi bien traditionnels que nouveaux), paraît prometteuse. Ce mémoire propose une analyse de nouvelles approches à la climatisation naturelle et à la production d'air frais avec une consommation minimale d'énergie, eu égard aux traditions et aux tendances, en particulier dans les zones climatiques chaudes et sèches comme l'Iran. Dans ce contexte, regarder l'architecture de l'Islam et la discipline du Qur'an paraissent offrir un guide pour comprendre l'approche musulmane aux processus de décision en design. Nous regardons donc les traditions et les tendances en ce qui concerne la climatisation naturelle à travers l'élément le plus important du contexte islamique, à savoir le Qur'an. C'est pourquoi, à l'intérieur du thème de la tradition, nous avons pris en compte quelques considérations concernant l'influence de l'Islam, et en particulier le respect de la nature associé à un équilibre entre l'harmonie et l'individualité. Ce sont autant de facteurs qui influencent la prise de décisions visant à résoudre des problèmes scientifiques majeurs selon la philosophie et les méthodes islamiques ; ils nous permettent de faire quelques recommandations. La description des principes sous-jacents aux capteurs à vent et des antécédents trouvés dans la nature tels que les colonies de termites, est présentée également. Sous la rubrique tendances, nous avons introduit l'utilisation de matériaux et de principes de design nouveaux. Regarder simultanément ces matériaux nouveaux et l'analogie des colonies de termites suggère de bonnes approches à la conception d'abris pour les victimes de tremblements de terre dans les régions sisimques. Bam, une ville iranienne, peut être considérée comme un exemple spécifique illustrant où les principes exposés dans ce mémoire peuvent s'appliquer le plus adéquatement.