Kieli keskellä kitaa. Seksuaalisuuden kognitiiviset käsitemetaforat 1800-luvun kansanrunoudessa.

Tämä pro gradu tutkielma käsittelee seksuaalisen kansarunouden kognitiivisia käsitemetaforia. Tutkielmassa selvitetään, millaiset käsitejärjestelmät motivoivat 1800-luvun kansanrunouden seksuaaliaiheista ilmaisua. Tämän lisäksi suomenkielisestä aineistosta paljastuneita käsitejärjestelmiä verrataan muiden kielten ilmaisuista konstruoituihin käsitejärjestelmiin. Tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvittää, voidaanko seksuaaliaiheisia kielenilmaisuja tutkimalla saada tietoa kansanomaista seksuaalisuutta koskevaa ajattelua jäsentävistä käsitejärjestelmistä. Tutkielman aineisto on kerätty Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran Kansanrunousarkiston Lönnrotiana 1–30 -kokoelmasta, joka koostuu Elias Lönnrotin muistiinpanemasta ja toimittamasta kansanrunoudesta. Aineiston laajuus on noin kuusituhatta säettä seksuaaliaiheista kansanrunoutta. Työn teoreettisena viitekehyksenä toimii kognitiivisen kielitieteen käsitemetaforateoria. Tutkielmassa tehtävä käsitemetafora-analyysi pohjaa tulkintansa aineiston ilmaisuista tehtävään sanastolliseen analyysiin. Työssä tehtävän analyysin ohella tulosten tulkinnassa hyödynnetään käsitemetaforaan ja sanastontutkimukseen keskittyviä tutkimuksia, joiden tarkoitus on havainnollistaa kielenulkoisten ilmiöiden kuten sukupuolen ja seksuaalisuuden suhdetta kieleen. Lisäksi työssä kiinnitetään huomiota tutkimusaineiston ilmaisujen allitteraatioon. Tutkielman keskeisin tutkimustulos on havainto siitä, että tutkimusaineiston seksuaali-ilmauksia motivoi tietty joukko käsitemetaforia, joiden perusteella on produktiivista muodostaa uusia seksuaaliaiheisia ilmaisuja myös nykysuomessa. Toisaalta ilmaisujen muotoon vaikuttaa tutkimusaineiston luonteenomainen taipumus allitteraatioon, mutta näyttää siltä, että äänteellisyyden tasolla toimivaa allitteraatiota enemmän ilmausten sisältöjä ohjailevat kognitiiviset käsitemetaforat. Monet analyysin tuloksena paljastuneista käsitemetaforista motivoivat myös muiden kielten ilmaisuja. Seksuaali-ilmausten sisältöön vaikuttaa toisin sanoen jokin kielestä riippumaton ilmiö, jonka tässä työssä tulkitaan olevan kognitiivinen käsitemetafora. Tämän tutkielman tuloksia voidaan käyttää lähtökohtana kielen ja seksuaalisuuden suhdetta tarkastelevalle jatkotutkimukselle.

Privileged Words and Sturmian Words

This dissertation has two almost unrelated themes: privileged words and Sturmian words. Privileged words are a new class of words introduced recently. A word is privileged if it is a complete first return to a shorter privileged word, the shortest privileged words being letters and the empty word. Here we give and prove almost all results on privileged words known to date. On the other hand, the study of Sturmian words is a well-established topic in combinatorics on words. In this dissertation, we focus on questions concerning repetitions in Sturmian words, reproving old results and giving new ones, and on establishing completely new research directions. The study of privileged words presented in this dissertation aims to derive their basic properties and to answer basic questions regarding them. We explore a connection between privileged words and palindromes and seek out answers to questions on context-freeness, computability, and enumeration. It turns out that the language of privileged words is not context-free, but privileged words are recognizable by a linear-time algorithm. A lower bound on the number of binary privileged words of given length is proven. The main interest, however, lies in the privileged complexity functions of the Thue-Morse word and Sturmian words. We derive recurrences for computing the privileged complexity function of the Thue-Morse word, and we prove that Sturmian words are characterized by their privileged complexity function. As a slightly separate topic, we give an overview of a certain method of automated theorem-proving and show how it can be applied to study privileged factors of automatic words. The second part of this dissertation is devoted to Sturmian words. We extensively exploit the interpretation of Sturmian words as irrational rotation words. The essential tools are continued fractions and elementary, but powerful, results of Diophantine approximation theory. With these tools at our disposal, we reprove old results on powers occurring in Sturmian words with emphasis on the fractional index of a Sturmian word. Further, we consider abelian powers and abelian repetitions and characterize the maximum exponents of abelian powers with given period occurring in a Sturmian word in terms of the continued fraction expansion of its slope. We define the notion of abelian critical exponent for Sturmian words and explore its connection to the Lagrange spectrum of irrational numbers. The results obtained are often specialized for the Fibonacci word; for instance, we show that the minimum abelian period of a factor of the Fibonacci word is a Fibonacci number. In addition, we propose a completely new research topic: the square root map. We prove that the square root map preserves the language of any Sturmian word. Moreover, we construct a family of non-Sturmian optimal squareful words whose language the square root map also preserves.This construction yields examples of aperiodic infinite words whose square roots are periodic.

This Is a Gorgeous-looking Movie”: Multimodal Interplay between Commentary and Subject Materials in Movie Review Entertainment

The present thesis is a study of movie review entertainment (MRE) which is a contemporary Internet-based genre of texts. MRE are movie reviews in video form which are published online, usually as episodes of an MRE web show. Characteristic to MRE is combining humor and honest opinions in varying degrees as well as the use of subject materials, i.e. clips of the movies, as a part of the review. The study approached MRE from a linguistic perspective aiming to discover 1) whether MRE is primarily text- or image-based and what the primary functions of the modes are, 2) how a reviewer linguistically combines subject footage to her/his commentary?, 3) whether there is any internal variation in MRE regarding the aforementioned questions, and 4) how suitable the selected models and theories are in the analysis of this type of contemporary multimodal data. To answer the aforementioned questions, the multimodal system of image—text relations by Martinec and Salway (2005) in combination with categories of cohesion by Halliday and Hasan (1976) were applied to four full MRE videos which were transcribed in their entirety for the study. The primary data represent varying types of MRE: a current movie review, an analytic essay, a riff review, and a humorous essay. The results demonstrated that image vs. text prioritization can vary between reviews and also within a review. The current movie review and the two essays were primarily commentary-focused whereas the riff review was significantly more dependent on the use of imagery as the clips are a major source of humor which is a prominent value in that type of a review. In addition to humor, clips are used to exemplify the commentary. A reviewer also relates new information to the imagery as well as uses two modes to present the information in a review. Linguistically, the most frequent case was that the reviewer names participants and processes lexically in the commentary. Grammatical relations (reference items such as pronouns and adverbs and conjunctive items in the riff review) were also encountered. There was internal variation to a considerable degree. The methods chosen were deemed appropriate to answer the research questions. Further study could go beyond linguistics to include, for instance, genre and media studies.

A series of trials in the UK as part of the Ofcom TV white spaces pilot

“Copyright © [2014] IEEE. Reprinted from 1st International Workshop on Cognitive Cellular Systems 2014 . ISBN: 978-1-4799-4139-1 .This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.”

Some initial results and observations from a series of trials within the Ofcom TV white spaces pilot

“Copyright © [2015] IEEE. Reprinted from Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2015 IEEE 81st. ISBN: 978-1-4799-8088-8. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.”

Students' perceptions about assessment using an e-learning platform.

SCAP’s Information Systems Department is composed of about twenty teachers who have, for several years, been using an e-learning environment (Moodle) combined with traditional assessment. A new e-assessment strategy was implemented recently in order to evaluate a practical topic, the use of spreadsheets to solve management problems. This topic is common to several courses of different undergraduate degree programs. Being e-assessment an outstanding task regarding theoretical topics, it becomes even more challenging when the topics under evaluation are practical. In order to understand the implications of this new type of assessment from the viewpoint of the students, questionnaires and interviews were undertaken. In this paper the analysis of the questionnaires are presented and discussed.