The Newburgh survey; reports of limited investigations of social conditions in Newburgh, N.Y.,

Public schools [by] Franklin Zeiger and Z.L. Potter.--Public health [by] Franz Schneider, jr.--Housing [by] Amy Woods.--Delinquency [by] Z.L. Potter.--Public library [by] F.W. Jenkins.--Recreation [by] Z.L. Potter.--Charities [by] Margaret F. Byington.--Industrial conditions [by] E.F. Brown and Z.L. Potter.--Municipal administration [by] D.O. Decker.

Who made the final decision?: Social characteristics and initiator status of marriage breakdown

In this lecture presented in August 2005, Belinda Hewitt from the University of Queensland discussed the findings from a report she co-authored with Associate Professor Mark Western and Professor Janeen Baxter from the University of Queensland Social Research Centre on the relationship between social characteristics that have been found to be associated with marriage breakdown and the initiator status of separation.

FÉ E TRANSFORMAÇÃO SOCIAL: A INFLUÊNCIA DA RELIGIÃO NO MOVIMENTO DE MORADIA NA FAVELA DE HELIÓPOLIS 1970-1993

A pesquisa se propõe a refletir sobre a influência da fé na transformação social da favela de Heliópolis. Focada em algumas ações representativas da luta por moradia, no período de 1970 a 1993, e na conquista de melhores condições de vida na favela e na cidade de São Paulo, a pesquisa observa como as práticas religiosas servem ou não de motivação para a transformação social. A pesquisa pergunta pela influência da fé no engajamento de indivíduos denvolvidos ativamente no movimento de moradia na favela e como essa fé se evidencia em meio à luta por melhores condições de vida.

Registered social landlords: private enterprise (f)or public good?

Millions of homes previously owned by councils have been transferred to the ownership of registered social landlords. Many of these are run as private companies under the principles first set out in the Combined Code of Corporate Governance. This articled considers whether it is appropriate to apply both the principles of the Code and regulation from the Housing Corporation as forms of control over such companies, and whether extensive government regulation negates the requirement for a board comprising independent directors expected to make strategic decisions while overseeing the executive. Conflict is created when trying to run these companies with a unitary board structure adhering to Combined Code principles while considering the wider interests of the community. It is questioned whether it is inefficient to try to meet these two objectives simultaneously and whether this system produces the best results for the community, the lenders and the end users.

Strategies against racism: a comparison of a social movement and case studies of anti-racist policy and practice in the local state

The thesis compares two contrasting strategies employed with the aim of combating particular forms of racism within contemporary Britain. Both are assessed as political strategies in their own right and placed within the broader context of reformist and revolutionary political traditions. The sociology of social movements is examined critically, as are Marxist and post-Marxist writings on the role of human agency within social structures and on the nature of social movements. The history of the Anti Nazi League (ANL) in the late 1970s and its opposition to the National Front is considered as an example of anti-racist social movement based on the Trotskyist model of the United Front. The degree to which the Anti Nazi League corresponded to such a model is analysed as are the potential broader applications for such a strategy. The strategy with which the ANL is compared is the development of anti-racist and equal opportunities policies within local government in the 1980s, primarily by Labour-controlled local authorities. The theory of the local state and the political phenomenon of municipal socialism are discussed, specifically the role of various groups operating in and around local authorities in the formation and implementation of anti-racist policy and practice. Following this general discussion, two case studies in each of the areas of local authority housing, education and employment are explored to consider in depth the problems of specific anti-racist policies. In summation the efficacy of the two strategies are considered as parts of wider political currents in tandem with their declared specific objectives.

Environmental quality in residential areas : a social survey approach to improvement priorities

The research is concerned with the measurement of residents' evaluations of the environmental quality of residential areas. The research reflects the increased attention being given to residents' values in planning decisions affecting the residential environment. The work was undertaken in co-operation with a local authority which was in the process of revising its housing strategy, and in particular the priorities for improvement action. The study critically examines the existing evidence on environmental values and their relationship to the environment and points to a number of methodological and conceptual deficiencies. The research strategy developed on the basis of the research review was constrained by the need to keep any survey methods simple so that they could easily be repeated, when necessary, by the sponsoring authority. A basic perception model was assumed, and a social survey carried out to measure residents' responses to different environmental conditions. The data was only assumed to have ordinal properties, necessitating the extensive use of non-parametric statistics. Residents' expressions of satisfaction with the component elements of the environment (ranging from convenience to upkeep and privacy) were successfully related to 'objective' measures of the environment. However the survey evidence did not justify the use of the 'objective' variables as environmental standards. A method of using the social survey data directly as an aid to decision-making is discussed. Alternative models of the derivation of overall satisfaction with the environment are tested, and the values implied by the additive model compared with residents' preferences as measured directly in the survey. Residents' overall satisfactions with the residential environment were most closely related to their satisfactions with the "Appearance" and the "Reputation" of their areas. By contrast the most important directly measured preference was "Friendliness of area". The differences point to the need to define concepts used in social research clearly in operational terms, and to take care in the use of values 'measured' by different methods.

Networked gentrification:placemaking strategies and social networks of middle class gentrifiers in Istanbul

This chapter explores how gentrifiers in Istanbul mobilise their social networks and social capital during the gentrification process, and how their networks are constructed through processes of “ place making” and belonging. In addition, this chapter aims to demonstrate how social capital and social networks work in practice during the gentrification process. It also examines place making and claiming strategies of gentrifiers by focusing on the following questions: (a) What are the spatial strategies of the new middle class, and what is the importance of these strategies?; (b) How are class and spatial boundaries designated in gentrified neighbourhoods?; (c) What kinds of networks and relationships play a role in developing certain housing dispositions or belonging patterns

Development and testing of the Elderly Social Vulnerability Index (ESVI): A composite indicator to measure social vulnerability in the Jamaican elderly population

Over the last two decades social vulnerability has emerged as a major area of study, with increasing attention to the study of vulnerable populations. Generally, the elderly are among the most vulnerable members of any society, and widespread population aging has led to greater focus on elderly vulnerability. However, the absence of a valid and practical measure constrains the ability of policy-makers to address this issue in a comprehensive way. This study developed a composite indicator, The Elderly Social Vulnerability Index (ESVI), and used it to undertake a comparative analysis of the availability of support for elderly Jamaicans based on their access to human, material and social resources. The results of the ESVI indicated that while the elderly are more vulnerable overall, certain segments of the population appear to be at greater risk. Females had consistently lower scores than males, and the oldest-old had the highest scores of all groups of older persons. Vulnerability scores also varied according to place of residence, with more rural parishes having higher scores than their urban counterparts. These findings support the political economy framework which locates disadvantage in old age within political and ideological structures. The findings also point to the pervasiveness and persistence of gender inequality as argued by feminist theories of aging. Based on the results of the study it is clear that there is a need for policies that target specific population segments, in addition to universal policies that could make the experience of old age less challenging for the majority of older persons. Overall, the ESVI has displayed usefulness as a tool for theoretical analysis and demonstrated its potential as a policy instrument to assist decision-makers in determining where to target their efforts as they seek to address the issue of social vulnerability in old age. Data for this study came from the 2001 population and housing census of Jamaica, with multiple imputation for missing data. The index was derived from the linear aggregation of three equally weighted domains, comprised of eleven unweighted indicators which were normalized using z-scores. Indicators were selected based on theoretical relevance and data availability.

Para uma gestão social no programa minha casa, minha vida: reflexões acerca da organização comunitária em empreendimentos da faixa 1

A política habitacional teve importante avanço na década de 2000, principalmente com a criação do Ministério das Cidades. A estruturação do Plano Nacional de Habitação ocasionou inclusão do tema na agenda governamental, permitindo a produção de habitação de interesse social voltada à população em situação vulnerável, através do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV). Assim, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo compreender atributos de gestão social para a organização comunitária em empreendimentos da faixa 1 do Programa. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa quantitativa, por meio da aplicação de formulários, e qualitativa, por meio de grupo focal, ambos com beneficiários do Programa. No tocante aos resultados, observou-se debilidade do papel do Estado, caracterizado principalmente pelos frágeis Projetos Técnicos de Trabalho Social. Os elementos de gestão social igualmente foram frágeis, distanciando os empreendimentos de condições ideias de habitabilidade e convívio coletivo. A ausência de compreensão da relevância de bem-estar coletivo e a precariedade da esfera pública, conduzem ao afastamento da finalidade emancipatória da gestão social. Destacou-se, ainda, o papel de associações de moradores e de iniciativas de trabalho coletivo no atendimento de demandas sociais da comunidade.

Personas sin hogar en la ciudad de Coimbra: recuento, principales necesidades, caracterización psicosocial y retos para el trabajo social

Objetivos: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo elaborar un recuento y caracterizar a la población sin hogar de la ciudad de Coimbra. Se quería conocer quiénes son las personas sin hogar en Coimbra, sus características sociodemográficas, características psicosociales, síntomas depresivos, sentido de la vida y percepción de apoyo social, para disponer de un mayor conocimiento de su situación y necesidades y así mejorar la intervención social orientada al sinhogarismo. Método: El trabajo empírico realizado incluyó dos procedimientos simultáneos: (a) Un recuento de personas sin hogar, durante 3 días, en las instituciones especializadas de apoyo social y en las calles. (b) Una caracterización psicosocial a través de una entrevista estructurada a partir de los cuatro instrumentos siguientes: Cuestionario de Realojamiento y Evaluación (RTAS), Escala de Depresión del Centro para Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D), Cuestionario del sentido de la vida (PIL-R) y Cuestionario de Apoyo Social Percibido (CASP). Los datos fueron analizados mediante los programas SPSS, versión 18.0 y AMOS, versión 18.0. El recuento de personas sin hogar se realizó siguiendo la tipología Europea creada por FEANTSA, llamada ETHOS (European Typology on Homelessness and Housing Exclusion). Partiendo de esta tipología, en el recuento fueron identificadas 257 personas sin hogar, 175 de las cuales accedieron a ser entrevistadas, resultando válidas 174 entrevistas. Resultados: Verificamos que la mayoría de las personas sin hogar de nuestro estudio son hombres de menos de 50 años (edad media 46 años), portugueses, nacidos o con residencia en Coimbra hace más de un año, con escasos estudios, y que están solteros o divorciados. La mayoría duerme en instituciones (28,1%), vive en cuartos alquilados (23,6%) o en la calle (12,6%); han consumido drogas o alcohol (50%) y presentan problemas de salud mental (21,8%). En cuanto a ingresos, la mayoría percibe una renta mínima de inserción (37,9%) o se dedica a la mendicidad (17,2%). En cuanto a las causas percibidas de su situación de personas sin hogar, la mayoría apunta al desempleo (35%) y la pobreza (25,3%)...

Development and Testing of the Elderly Social Vulnerability Index (ESVI): A Composite Indicator to Measure Social Vulnerability in the Jamaican Elderly Population

Over the last two decades social vulnerability has emerged as a major area of study, with increasing attention to the study of vulnerable populations. Generally, the elderly are among the most vulnerable members of any society, and widespread population aging has led to greater focus on elderly vulnerability. However, the absence of a valid and practical measure constrains the ability of policy-makers to address this issue in a comprehensive way. This study developed a composite indicator, The Elderly Social Vulnerability Index (ESVI), and used it to undertake a comparative analysis of the availability of support for elderly Jamaicans based on their access to human, material and social resources. The results of the ESVI indicated that while the elderly are more vulnerable overall, certain segments of the population appear to be at greater risk. Females had consistently lower scores than males, and the oldest-old had the highest scores of all groups of older persons. Vulnerability scores also varied according to place of residence, with more rural parishes having higher scores than their urban counterparts. These findings support the political economy framework which locates disadvantage in old age within political and ideological structures. The findings also point to the pervasiveness and persistence of gender inequality as argued by feminist theories of aging. Based on the results of the study it is clear that there is a need for policies that target specific population segments, in addition to universal policies that could make the experience of old age less challenging for the majority of older persons. Overall, the ESVI has displayed usefulness as a tool for theoretical analysis and demonstrated its potential as a policy instrument to assist decision-makers in determining where to target their efforts as they seek to address the issue of social vulnerability in old age. Data for this study came from the 2001 population and housing census of Jamaica, with multiple imputation for missing data. The index was derived from the linear aggregation of three equally weighted domains, comprised of eleven unweighted indicators which were normalized using z-scores. Indicators were selected based on theoretical relevance and data availability.

Pobreza Infantil: o Rendimento Social de Inserção como medida protetora da infância em contexto de pobreza e em risco de negligência no concelho de Albergaria-a-Velha

A pobreza infantil é reconhecida, na comunidade científico, como um problema social grave que viola os direitos das crianças, sendo este um fator favorável à vulnerabilização e à possibilidade de ocorrência de casos de negligência. Em consequência, esta fundamenta-se pela necessidade de intervenções, que a par de medidas de proteção social do Estado, em particular o Rendimento Social de Inserção (RSI), potenciem o desempenho de funções parentais protetoras. Por conseguinte, definiu-se como principal objetivo analisar a relação e/ou influência da medida do RSI sobre as funções parentais (des) protetoras no contexto da pobreza infantil em 15 crianças (dos 0 aos 6 anos), assim como compreender os domínios do seu bem-estar a partir dos Reports card`s da UNICEF. A investigação decorreu no concelho de Albergaria-a-Velha entre os meses de fevereiro a julho de 2013. A metodologia utilizada foi o método qualitativo de natureza exploratória cujos dados foram recolhidos através de dois inquéritos dirigidos às 11 famílias abrangidas pelo estudo e aos respetivos técnicos. A análise dos dados permitiu retirar as principais conclusões destacando-se que o Bem-estar Material e Habitacional das crianças encontram-se comprometidos, uma vez que, os rendimentos médios das famílias estudadas são inferiores ao salário mínimo nacional, o RSI a principal fonte de rendimentos, a maioria dos agregados beneficiam, para além deste, de apoios económicos, quatro famílias estão identificadas como pobreza intergeracional projeta-se para a maioria, a continuidade da “dependência” dos serviços de ação social. Perante estes dados as crianças podem vivenciar privações ou carências múltiplas. Constatou-se falta de privacidade e de conforto habitacional apesar das melhorias significativas nesta dimensão. Na dimensão do Bem-estar Saúde e Segurança enquadra-se a negligência, deste modo, as praticas parentais de risco/negligência foram distribuídas pelos níveis “baixo, moderado e elevado”, apurou-se que em 6 agregados apenas um pratica uma parentalidade não protetora; para os restantes consideramos que o RSI contribui para atenuar a intensidade do stress parental face às privações económicas. / Child poverty is recognized in the scientific community as a serious social problem, which goes against the rights of children. It is a favorable factor to their increasing vulnerability and to the possibility of occurrence of negligence. It is based on the need of interventions that measures social protection of the Goverment through the Social Insertion Income (SII), potentiate the protective performance of parental functions. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyze the relationship and / or influence of SII on parental protective functions in the context of child poverty in 15 children (aged 0 to 6 years), as well as understand the areas of their welfare according to the UNICEF Report Card’s. The research took place in the Municipality of Albergaria-a-Velha between the months February to July 2013. The used methodology was the qualitative method with exploratory contours and the data collected through two questionnaires surveys directed to the 11 families and Technicians. The information analysis led us to the main conclusions that the children’s Welfare Material and Housing are compromised, since the average yield of the families studied are lower than the minimum national wage, the RSI is the main source of income that most households benefit, in addition to this economic support the continuous "dependency" of social services is projected for the future and four families are identified as intergenerational poverty. Based on these facts the children can experience multiple disadvantage or deprivation. According to the housing conditions it was found lack of privacy and comfort, although exists significant improvements in this dimension. In the dimension of Wellbeing Health and Safety fits negligence, in this way the parental practice of risk / negligence were distributed by the levels of "low, moderate and high", it was found that only one of eight cases do not practice a protective parenting, for the remaining households we consider that the SII contributes to mitigate the intensity of the parental stress against the economic deprivation.

O Serviço Social na Unidade de Transplantação Hepática Pediátrica e a Criação da Associação de Crianças e Jovens Transplantados ou com Doenças Hepáticas – HEPATURIX pelo Direito à Saúde

Com a crise financeira que se tem vindo a agudizar, com o agravamento da pobreza e exclusão social, associados a problemas de saúde e à emergência de problemas sociais (como o desemprego e a pobreza) tem assomado uma vaga de iniciativas de movimentos da sociedade civil. São novas formas de organização e resposta a situações específicas de grupos de indivíduos na luta por políticas públicas e direitos sociais tais como o da saúde, da habitação, da educação, do trabalho, entre outras. Nos finais da década de 70, em Portugal, a criação do Serviço Nacional de Saúde intenta o acesso à saúde garantido a todos os cidadãos. Nos anos 80 o Estado limita este direito baseado no princípio da justiça social protegendo os grupos mais desfavorecidos. Institui as taxas moderadoras e define as isenções para alguns doentes crónicos. Perante a desigualdade de direitos que daí advém, no Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, a partir dos anos 90, surgem movimentos associativos em prol dos direitos de saúde, criados e dinamizados por Assistentes Sociais, nomeadamente as Associações Acreditar em 1993, a Coração Feliz em 1994, a Associação Nacional de Fibrose Quística em 1996 e já no século XXI a Diabéticos Todo o Terreno em 2004 e a Hepaturix em 2006. A Hepaturix – Associação de Crianças e Jovens Transplantados ou com Doenças Hepáticas – fundada já no século XXI e cuja actividade será descrita neste trabalho, tem vindo a lutar pelos direitos sociais desta população, com a colaboração da Assistente Social que, no Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, apoia a Unidade de Transplantação Hepática Pediátrica. Entre outros, a isenção das taxas moderadoras para os doentes transplantados e para os dadores vivos assim como o direito aos transportes nas deslocações para o hospital após o transplante, são direitos sociais alcançados pela Hepaturix através da sensibilização do poder político. A Assistente Social tem sido um pilar neste percurso, sendo mediadora entre a instituição e a associação, em prol do direito destas crianças e jovens. / With the financial crisis that has been worsening, with increased poverty and social exclusion associated with health problems and the emergency of social problems (such as unemployment and poverty) there has been a loomed wave of initiatives for movements from the civil society. These are new ways of organization and response to specific situations of groups of individuals in the strike for public policies and social rights such as health, habitation, education, work, among others. In the late 70s, in Portugal, the creation of the National Health Service intents the access to health care guaranteed to all citizens. In the 80s the government limits this right based on the principle of social justice, protecting the most disadvantaged groups. Establishes user fees and defines the exemptions for some chronically ill. Before the inequality of rights resulted from this, there has been a rising of associative movements for health rights, created and dynamized by Social Workers at the Pediatric Hospital of Coimbra, from the 90s on: "Acreditar" in 1993, "Coração Feliz" in 1994, Associação Nacional da Fibrose Quistica" in 1996 and now, in the XXI century: "Diabéticos Todo o Terreno"in 2004 and "Hepaturix" in 2006. The “Hepaturix” - Association of Transplanted Children and Youth or with Hepatic Diseases - founded in the twenty-first century, whose will be discussed in this work, has been fighting for social rights of this population, with the cooperation of the Social Work who, at the Children’s Hospital of Coimbra, supports the Pediatric Hepatic Transplantation Unit. Among others, the exemption of user fees for transplanted patients and living donors as well as the right to transport at dislocations to the hospital after transplant, are social rights accomplished by Hepaturix, through the awareness of political power. The Social Worker has been a pillar in this journey, being a mediator between the institution and the association on behalf of the rights of these children and youth.

Terrenos de marinha: terras públicas com função social? um estudo da orla marítima de natal

This work has as its theme the social function of terrenos de marinha. Theresearch universe is the terrenos de marinha of Natal coastline, focusing on thefulfillment of its social function. Prescribed by law since the colonial period with thepurpose of protecting the coast and free movement of people and goods, theywere swathes of land not available to private use by individuals. With the transitionfrom the allotments system to the purchase and sale, regard to land access,crystallized with the creation of the Land Law in the nineteenth century, the land isheld as merchandise and terrenos de marinha, following this logic, also acquireexchange value and become capable of enjoyment by private individuals, with thecondition of tax payments to the state. This is seen until the twentieth century,when in 1988, primarily because of the Federal Constitution promulgation, begins anew cycle when is possible to use on terrenos de marinha the principle of thesocial function of property. From this perspective this study aims to identify thesocial function of terrenos de marinha in Natal, focusing on the public destinationand the use value of the city coastline. To this end, it was made a data collection inthe on-line information system of the Federal Heritage Department of Rio Grandedo Norte (SPU / RN) and in the terrenos de marinha areas, in order to find out ifthey had public or private use, or if they were empty lots, as well as if thepopulation access to the shore exist. Interviews with managers of the SPU weremade. The empirical study showed that the social function of terrenos de marinhain the city of Natal still didn´t happen, considering the constant existence of vacantlots in their areas, the lack of access in significant portions of the coastline and thereduced areas directed to common use along the coastline, minimizing its potentialof enjoyment by the population. It concludes by pointing to the existence of a newtransition phase on the terrenos de marinha, in witch, gradually, come up lawprovisions in the legal system and public policies to expand the purely taxcollection function attributed to this land for two centuries. In this direction, thesocial function of terrenos de marinha is embodied in concomitant adjustment ofthe tax collection function and the rescue of coastline use value, national heritageand a place for sociability and social relations development