Relationship between the dielectric and mechanical properties and the ratio of epoxy resin to hardener of the hybrid thermosetting polymers

The relationship between the dielectric properties (dielectric constant, ε′, and loss factor, ε; activation energy, E a) and the ratio of epoxy resin (OG) to hardener of the epoxy resin thermosetting polymers was investigated. The amplitude of the ε″ peak decreases with increasing OG content until about 73 wt.% and slightly increases at higher OG content. The temperature of the position of the ε″ peak increases with the increasing of OG content, reaching maximum values for compositions in the range of 67 and 73 wt.%, and then it decreases sharply at higher OG content. The activation energy obtained from dielectric relaxation increased with increasing wt.% OG up to around 70 wt.%. Further increase in concentration of OG up to 83 wt.% reduced E a. The curves of tensile modulus and fracture toughness mechanical properties as a function of OG content presented a similar behavior. ©2006 Sociedade Brasileira de Química.

Structural and dielectric properties of relaxor Sr0.5Ba 0.5Bi2Nb2O9 ceramic

Sr0.5Ba0.5Bi2Nb2O 9 ceramic was prepared by a conventional solid state reaction method and studied using X-ray powder diffraction and dielectric measurements. At room temperature, an orthorhombic structure was confirmed and their parameters were obtained using the Rietveld method. Dielectric properties were studied in a broad range of temperatures and frequencies. Typical relaxor behaviour was observed with strong dispersion of the complex relative dielectric permittivity. The temperature of the maximum dielectric constant Tm decreases with increasing frequency, and shifts towards higher temperature side. The activation energy Ea≈0·194±0·03 eV and freezing temperature Ta≈371±2 K values were found using the Vogel-Fulcher relationship. Conduction process in the material may be due to the hopping of charge carriers at low temperatures and small polarons and/or singly ionised oxygen vacancies at higher temperatures. © 2010 Maney Publishing.

Dielectric behavior of epoxy/BaTiO3 composites using nanostructured ceramic fibers obtained by electrospinning

Composite materials made of epoxy resin and barium titanate (BT) electrospun nanostructured fibers were prepared. BT fibers were synthesized from a sol based on barium acetate, titanium isopropoxide, and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). The fibers were heat-treated at different temperatures and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. Mats of BT fibers heat-treated at 800 C were embedded in epoxy resin into suitable molds. The composites were characterized by SEM, and dielectric measurements were performed by means of dielectric spectroscopy. The dielectric permittivity and dielectric modulus of epoxy resin/BT-fiber composites were measured for two types of samples: with the electrodes parallel and perpendicular to the BT fiber layers. Interestingly, composite samples with electrodes perpendicular to the fiber layers and a BT content as low as 2 vol % led to dielectric permittivities three times higher than that of pure epoxy resin. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

Morphotropic phase boundary and electrical properties of 1-x[Bi 0.5Na0.5]TiO3 -xBa[Zr0.25Ti 0.75]O3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Lead-free solid solutions (1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO 3 (BNT)-xBaZr0.25Ti0.75O3 (BZT) (x=0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) were prepared by the solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement analyses of 1-x(BNT)-x(BZT) solid solution ceramic were employed to study the structure of these systems. A morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between rhombohedral and cubic structures occured at the composition x=0.05. Raman spectroscopy exhibited a splitting of the (TO3) mode at x=0.05 and confirmed the presence of MPB region. Scanning electron microcopy (SEM) images showed a change in the grain shape with the increase of BZT into the BNT matrix lattice. The temperature dependent dielectric study showed a gradual increase in dielectric constant up to x=0.05 and then decrease with further increase in BZT content. Maximum coercive field, remanent polarization and high piezoelectric constant were observed at x=0.05. Both the structural and electrical properties show that the solid solution has an MPB around x=0.05. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

Estudo de propriedades elétricas em sistemas orgânicos e inorgânicos correlacionados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Transições de fases estruturais em cerâmicas ferroelétricas do sistema PMN-PT

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento de cerâmicas texturizadas de titanato de bismuto puro e dopado com nióbio

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Propriedades dielétricas e térmicas das blendas de poliestireno com ácido oléico e poliestireno com betacaroteno

As propriedades térmicas, dielétricas e ópticas de óleos vegetais vêm sendo estudadas pelo Grupo de Física de Materiais da Amazônia (GFMA) desde 1996 no Departamento de Física da UFPA. Recentemente uma interação com o laboratório de físico-química de polímeros do instituto de química da UnB possibilitou o estudo desses óleos e seus constituintes na forma de blendas poliméricas. Neste trabalho procuramos dar nossa contribuição a este estudo e investigamos propriedades térmicas e dielétricas das blendas de poliestireno (PS) com ácido oléico (AO) e betacaroteno (BC) em função da temperatura, foram realizadas medidas da constante dielétrica e da difusividade térmica utilizando-se capacitores planos de placas paralelas e a técnica fotopiroelétrica, respectivamente. Foi calculado o momento de dipolo associado à blenda PS/AO utilizando os modelos teóricos de Debye, Onsager e Kirkwood para ajuste linear dos dados experimentais. Os resultados encontrados mostram que a transição de fase do AO se mantêm e que ela encontra-se deslocado para temperaturas mais elevadas.

Propriedades físicas do Poliestireno e do Poli (metacrilato de metila) modificados com Óleo de Buriti (mauritia flexuosa)

Nos dias atuais, cresce cada vez mais o uso de polímeros no nosso cotidiano. Esse crescimento deve-se essencialmente à sua aplicabilidade com grande eficácia na substituição de materiais clássicos como madeira, metais, vidros e até mesmo papel. Além disso, propriedades especiais de polímeros, como condutividade elétrica, fotoluminescência e difusividade térmica, tem sido objeto de interesse da comunidade cientifica básica e aplicada. Algumas dessas propriedades podem, dependendo da necessidade a qual se destina ser modificadas a partir da inserção de outras substancias em suas matrizes. O interesse cientifico por óleos vegetais vem se tornando cada vez mais frequente, um desses óleos conhecido como Óleo de Buriti (mauritia flexuosa), tem em sua composição um alto teor de acido oleico e pró-vitamina A (conhecida como β-caroteno), tais substancias apresentam propriedades interessantes que já foram reportadas por vários pesquisadores em periódicos científicos. Apresentamos nessa dissertação o estudo de algumas propriedades físicas de amostras de dois polímeros comerciais de uso rotineiro: Poliestireno (OS) e Poli (metacrilato de metila) (PMAM) que foram dopadas com Óleo de Buriti (OB) em diferentes concentrações, a saber, 8.08%, 14.96%, 34.55% e 46.81%. outras concentrações de óleo foram tentadas, mas sem êxito, pois o óleo não conseguiu se fixar na matriz polimérica. Observamos que as amostras incorporaram de forma intersticial o óleo, alterando sua transparência natural e incorporando uma coloração de cor variável entre o amarelo claro ao alaranjado, dependendo da concentração. A partir de medidas ópticas percebemos que os polímeros passaram a apresentar propriedades semelhantes as do óleo como o fenômeno de emissão a partir da excitação por ultravioleta, confirmando assim a sua presença no interior dos plásticos. Caracterizamos os compósitos também através da constante dielétrica e difusividade térmica em função da temperatura. Essas medidas revelaram o comportamento do sistema formado pelo óleo + polímero e identificamos a mudança de estado físico (líquido ↔ sólido) sofrida pelas micro-gotas de óleo dentro da matriz.

Investigation of the structural, optical and dielectric properties of highly (100)-oriented (Pb0.60Ca0.20Sr0.20)TiO3 thin films on LaNiO3 bottom electrode

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fabrication and structural characterization of bismuth niobate thin films grown by chemical solution deposition

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Dielectric properties of Sr0.75Ba0.25Nb 2O6 thin films: Bias field, frequency and temperature dependence

Ferroelectric strontium barium niobate solid solutions had received great attention due to their excellent pyroelectric, electrooptic and photorefractive properties. Furthermore, they usually also present very interesting phase transition characteristics. In this work, polycrystalline single phase Sr 0.75 Ba 0.25 Nb 2 O 6 thin films were prepared by a hybrid chemical method and deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates. The temperature dependence of dielectric constant was measured at different frequencies and bias field levels. The presence of two dielectric dispersion regions with relaxor characteristics was observed at distinct temperature ranges, corresponding to the ferro-paraelectric and to a structural phase transition at low temperatures, respectively. A specific dielectric dispersion region, associated with an incommensurate superstructure frequently observed in bulk samples, was not observed in this films probably due to their small grain sizes. © 2002 Taylor & Francis.

Caracterização de filmes de BaxSr1-xTiO3 Sintetizados pelo método hidrotermal assistido por micro-ondas e depositados por eletroforese

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

Grain size effect on the structural and dielectric properties of Pb0.85La0.15TiO3 ferroelectric ceramic compound

This paper presents a study of the influence of particle size on the structural and dielectric properties of Pb0.85La0.15TiO3 (PLT15) ferroelectric ceramic samples. The samples were prepared with average grain size of 1.69 +/- 0.08 mu m and 146 +/- 8 nm using, respectively, conventional and spark plasma sintering techniques. A decrease in the tetragonality degree as the crystallite size decreased was explained by an internal stress caused by the existence of a large amount of grain boundaries. The local structure exhibited no significant modification and the dielectric measurements showed a diffuse phase transition and a reduction in the permittivity magnitude at T-m as the average grain size decreased. The nanostructured ceramic sample prepared at a relatively lower temperature and sintering time presented a dielectric constant value of approximately 2000 at room temperature. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.

Photo-induced electron transfer in supramolecular materials of titania nanostructures and cytochrome c

In the present paper, we report on the molecular interaction and photochemistry of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and cytochrome c systems for understanding the effects of supramolecular organization and electron transfer by using two TiO2 structures: P25 TiO2 NPs and titanate nanotubes. The adsorption and reduction of cytochrome c heme iron promoted by photo-excited TiO2, arranged as P25 TiO2 NPs and as nanotubes, were characterized using electronic absorption spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and atomic force microscopy. In an aqueous buffered suspension (pH 8.0), the mass of cytochrome c adsorbed on the P25 TiO2 NP surface was 2.3 fold lower (0.75 mu g m(-2)) than that adsorbed on the titanate nanotubes (1.75 mu g m(-2)). Probably due to the high coverage of titanate nanotubes by adsorbed cytochrome c, the low amount of soluble remaining protein was not as efficiently photo-reduced by this nanostructure as it was by the P25 TiO2 NPs. Cytochrome c, which desorbed from both titanium materials, did not exhibit changes in its redox properties. In the presence of the TiO2 NPs, the photo-induced electron transfer from water to soluble cytochrome c heme iron was corroborated by the following findings: (i) identification by EPR of the hydroxyl radical production during the irradiation of an aqueous suspension of TiO2 NPs, (ii) impairment of a cytochrome c reduction by photo-excited TiO2 in the presence of dioxane, which affects the dielectric constant of the water, and (iii) change in the rate of TiO2-promoted cytochrome c reduction when water was replaced with D2O. The TiO2-promoted photo-reduction of cytochrome c was reverted by peroxides. Cytochrome c incorporated in the titanate nanotubes was also reversibly reduced under irradiation, as confirmed by EPR and UV-visible spectroscopy.