Principais aspectos cirúrgicos de hérnias diafragmáticas em pequenos animais

Em decorrência da alteração presente nas rupturas diafragmáticas ser de natureza anatômica, o tratamento cirúrgico é o único indicado. As abordagens cirúrgicas mais utilizadas são a laparotomia pela linha média e a toracotomia intercostal, porém, a correção cirúrgica pode ser dificultada, principalmente quando houver perda de tecido, evolução crônica, ou quando a lesão no músculo diafragma for extensa, necessitando de procedimentos cirúrgicos mais apropriados, tal como a utilização de implantes biológicos ou sintéticos. Os vários tipos de implantes e enxertos testados para reparar os defeitos no músculo diafragma obtiveram bons resultados e baixas taxas de mortalidade, sugerindo uma nova alternativa no reparo de defeitos diafragmáticos

Neoplasia mamária em cadelas: aspectos clínico-cirúrgicos

Oncology is presenting an important role in clinical practice as a speciality in recent years in Veterinary Medicine. Mammary gland tumors are detected mainly in old and middleaged bitches that are sexually intact or spayed and the caudal abdominal and inguinal mammary glands are the most affected and they present a percentage up to 75% of malignancy. The majority of dogs with mammary neoplasms are clinically healthy at the time of diagnosis and the tumors can be identified by the owner or a professional during a routine physical examination. Cytological examination of fine needle aspirates can be performed. This procedure is easy and low cost and some criteria that may indicate malignancy are evaluated, however to obtain a definitive diagnosis is performed histopathology of the excised tissue or from biopsy. Regional lymph nodes are the first lymph node to receive lymphatic drainage from the neoplasm. They are at the highest risk of regional metastasis, while the lung is the most common site for distant metastasis. Determining the clinical stage enables the definition of the extension of the tumor. As a consequence, this allows a prognosis to be established and treatment to be planned. The type of therapy to be chosen incites controversy since there are numerous treatment options described, but the surgery is the chosen treatment. However, surgery is not always effective for malignant tumors, and recurrences may occur and in these cases, auxiliary chemotherapy treatments are used. The prognosis for animals that have mammary tumors depends on several factors, such as: size, stage, type of tumor cells and clinical behavior of the tumor, age and medical condition of the animal, and presence of metastasis. Because of this, more detailed studies are needed based on epidemiological surveys in order to provide more informations about risk factors, prevalence and follow-up after treatment of mammary... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Diferenciação miogênica “in vitro” de células tronco mesenquimais murinas de diferentes origens

Muscular dystrophy refers to a group of more than 30 genetical disorders characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscle. No effective therapy is available at present. Recent studies have reported that the transplantation of stem cells can offer an important potential therapy for genetic diseases. Adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been identified as a nonhematopoietic stem cell population capable of self-renewal with the ability to differentiate into many cell lineages, including bone, fat, cartilage and connective tissue. Because of their similarity with muscle progenitor cells, when they are injected in affected individuals, they are able to migrate into areas of skeletal muscle degeneration and participate in the regeneration process. The adipose tissue represents an alternative source of MSCs that, as the MSCs derived from bone marrow, are capable of in vitro differentiation into osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic and chondrogenic lineages. The objective of this project is to investigate the “in vitro” myogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from murine bone marrow and adipose tissue. Four experimental groups were analyzed: mice from lineages Lama2dy-2J/J and C57black and, C2C12 lineage cells and transformed C2C12 expressing the eGFP protein. MSCs cultures were obtained by flushing the bone marrow femurs and tibials with α-MEM or by the subcutaneous and inguinal fat from the mice. Their characterization was done by flow cytometry and in vitro differentiation. Muscle differentiation was studied through the analysis of the expression of transcriptional factors involved in muscle differentiation and/or the presence and amount of specific proteins from muscle differentiated cell. The pluripotency from bone marrow MSCs of the two lineages was evidenced and, in the muscular differentiation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Structure, histochemistry and seasonal variations of the male reproductive accessory glands in the Pallas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sistema de avaliação e tratamento da coluna lombar com o uso de tração mecânica

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Neovascularization after ischemic injury: evaluation with 99mTc-HYNIC-RGD

Purpose: Angiogenesis involves many mediators including integrins, and the tripeptide RGD is a target amino acid recognition sequence for many of them. Hindlimb ischemia is a simple and convenient animal model however standardization of the injection procedures in the devascularized and control limb is lacking, thus rendering difficult the interpretation of results. The aim of this investigations was to evaluate neovascularization in a hindlimb murine model by means of 99mTc-HYNIC-ß-Ala-RGD. Methods: 99mTc-HYNIC-RGD analog was prepared using coligands. Ischemia was induced in Wistar rats by double- ligation of the common femoral artery. Radiolabeled RGD was injected after 2h, as well as 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days. Uptake was evaluated by planar imaging and biodistribution studies. Results: The highest ratio between ischemia and control was achieved at the 7th day (2.62 ± 0.95), with substantial decrease by the 14th day. For pertechnetate the 7th day ratio was 0.87 ± 0.23. Scintigraphic image confirmed different uptakes. Conclusion: 99mTc-HYNIC-RGD analog concentrated in ischemic tissue by the time of widespread angiogenesis and pertechnetate confirmed reduction in blood flow. In this sense, the protocol can be recommended for ischemic models.

Cell therapy in experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Structure, histochemistry and seasonal variations of the male reproductive accessory glands in the Pallas’s mastiff bat, Molossus molossus (Chiroptera: Molossidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Human death caused by a giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) in Brazil

The fatal outcome of a defensive attack by a giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is reported. The attack occurred while the victim was hunting, and his dogs cornered the adult anteater, which assumed an erect, threatening position. The hunter did not fire his rifle because of concern about accidentally shooting his dogs. He approached the animal armed with a knife, but was grabbed by its forelimbs. When his sons freed him, he had puncture wounds and severe bleeding in the left inguinal region; he died at the scene. Necroscopic examination showed femoral artery lesions and a large hematoma in the left thigh, with death caused by hypovolemic shock. A similar case is cited, and recommendations are made that boundaries between wildlife and humans be respected, especially when they coinhabit a given area.

Pathology of dogs in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil naturally co-infected with Leishmania infantum and Ehrlichia canis

Different parasites that commonly occur concomitantly can influence one another, sometimes with unpredictable effects. We evaluated pathological aspects of dogs naturally co-infected with Leishmania infantum and Ehrlichia canis. The health status of the dogs was investigated based on histopathological, hematological and biochemical analyses of 21 animals infected solely with L. infantum and 22 dogs co-infected with L. infantum and E. canis. The skin of both groups showed chronic, predominantly lymphohistioplasmacytic inflammatory reaction. The plasmacytosis in the lymphoid tissues was likely related with the hypergammaglobulinemia detected in all the dogs. The disorganization of extracellular matrix found in the reticular dermis of the inguinal region and ear, characterized by the substitution of thick collagen fibers for thin fibers, was attributed to the degree of inflammatory reaction, irrespective of the presence of parasites. In addition, the histopathological analysis revealed that twice as many dogs in the co-infected group presented Leishmania amastigotes in the ear skin than those infected solely with Leishmania, increasing the possibility of becoming infected through sand fly vectors. Our findings highlight the fact that the health of dogs infected concomitantly with L. infantum and E. canis is severely compromised due to their high levels of total plasma protein, globulins, alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase, and severe anemia.

Diagnóstico diferencial entre Doença de Crohn e Hidradenite Supurativa: relato de caso

Crohn’s disease is a chronic infl ammatory bowel disease with segmental transmural infl ammation, which complicate with formation of fi stulas and abscesses. The hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is characterized by recurrent abscesses, with a predilection for areas rich in apocrine glands such as the axillary, inguinal and perineal. The differential diagnosis between these diseases is diffi cult and may compromise treatment. Report case: C.R.M.A., 40 year-old, female, white, ileal and colonic Crohn’s disease complicated with perianal and rectovaginal fi stula for 12 years, treated with biological therapy since May 2010. In Sep/2010 presented with an abscess in the buttock D with purulent discharge refractory to the use of ciprofl oxacin and metronidazole. USG: collection of 30 cm3 in buttock D. The diagnosis was HS and the patient underwent extensive surgical removal of the affected areas (10 x 2 cm) with healing by secondary intention. Skin graft performed unsuccessfully in Dec/2010. The patient returned in jan/2011 with a new fi stula at the site of resection, consistent with Crohn’s disease. In fev/2011 underwent drainage of abscesses and placement of setons in perianal fi stulas. Currently in therapy with good biological evolution of fi stulas. The prevalence of HS varies from 0.3 to 4% of the population in general. The axilla is the region most affected and perianal lesions are associated with greater weakness. There are published reports of association between HS and Crohn’s disease sporadically and further studies are needed to assess a common pathogenesis. The differential diagnosis should be performed in all cases planning immediate treatment, avoiding complications and worsening of the patient’s quality of life.

Hanseníase multibacilar e tuberculose cutânea

Introdução: Hanseníase e Tuberculose são enfermidades associadas à supressão da imunidade celular do tipo TH1. As manifestações clínicas da hanseníase são usualmente cutâneas e da tuberculose (Tbc) tegumento-pulmonares. O objetivo é demonstrar a presença de ambas as enfermidades no mesmo paciente. Relato do caso: Paciente masculino, 59 anos, em uso de prednisona 40mg/d há 6 meses devido a um quadro “alérgico”, com queixa de úlcera peri-anal dolorosa e sangrante. Ao exame apresentava úlcera fagedênica peri-anal e inguinal fistulizado e pápulas normocrômicas no antebraço. Histopatológico de lesão nodular e da úlcera mostra infiltrado granulomatoso com BAAR +,interpretado como hanseníase multibacilar. O tratamento não resultou em melhora das lesões inguinais e perianal. Novos exames demonstraram serem as lesões ulceradas causadas pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, por cultura, e as lesões pápulo-nodulares serem Mycobacterium leprae, por PCR. Tratamento para ambas foi eficaz. O M.leprae e M.tuberculosis são patógenos intracelulares obrigatórios e a defesa do hospedeiro está diretamente associada à imunidade celular. Mesmo em países endêmicos para ambas as enfermidades a associação das duas doenças é de ocorrência excepcional. O uso da corticoterapia utilizada para quadro alérgico (ENH) facilitou a ocorrência da Tbc. O caso relata a importância dos métodos auxiliares diagnósticos em caso de difícil interpretação clínica.

Inibição da metástase via transição epitélio-mesenquimal por shRNA, metformina e Y27632 em neoplasia mamária

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Molecular Analysis of the Differentiation Potential of Murine Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Tissues of Endodermal or Mesodermal Origin

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received great attention due to their remarkable regenerative, angiogenic, antiapoptotic, and immunosuppressive properties. Although conventionally isolated from the bone marrow, they are known to exist in all tissues and organs, raising the question on whether they are identical cell populations or have important differences at the molecular level. To better understand the relationship between MSCs residing in different tissues, we analyzed the expression of genes related to pluripotency (SOX2 and OCT-4) and to adipogenic (C/EBP and ADIPOR1), osteogenic (OMD and ALP), and chondrogenic (COL10A1 and TRPV4) differentiation in cultures derived from murine endodermal (lung) and mesodermal (adipose) tissue maintained in different conditions. MSCs were isolated from lungs (L-MSCs) and inguinal adipose tissue (A-MSCs) and cultured in normal conditions, in overconfluence or in inductive medium for osteogenic, adipogenic, or chondrogenic differentiation. Cultures were characterized for morphology, immunophenotype, and by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for expression of pluripotency genes or markers of differentiation. Bone marrow-derived MSCs were also analyzed for comparison of these parameters. L-MSCs and A-MSCs exhibited the typical morphology, immunophenotype, and proliferation and differentiation pattern of MSCs. The analysis of gene expression showed a higher potential of adipose tissue-derived MSCs toward the osteogenic pathway and of lung-derived MSCs to chondrogenic differentiation, representing an important contribution for the definition of the type of cell to be used in clinical trials of cell therapy and tissue engineering.

Time sequence of the intensification of the liver glucose production induced by high-fat diet in mice

It is well established that the development of insulin resistance shows a temporal sequence in different organs and tissues. Moreover, considering that the main aspect of insulin resistance in liver is a process of glucose overproduction from gluconeogenesis, we investigated if this metabolic change also shows temporal sequence. For this purpose, a well-established experimental model of insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet (HFD) was used. The mice received HFD (HFD group) or standard diet (COG group) for 1, 7, 14 or 56?days. The HFD group showed increased (P?<?0.05 versus COG) epididymal, retroperitoneal and inguinal fat weight from days 1 to 56. In agreement with these results, the HFD group also showed higher body weight (P?<?0.05 versus COG) from days 7 to 56. Moreover, the changes induced by HFD on liver gluconeogenesis were progressive because the increment (P?<?0.05 versus COG) in glucose production from l-lactate, glycerol, l-alanine and l-glutamine occurred 7, 14, 56 and 56 days after the introduction of the HFD schedule, respectively. Furthermore, glycaemia and cholesterolemia increased (P?<?0.05 versus COG) 14?days after starting the HFD schedule. Taken together, the results suggest that the intensification of liver gluconeogenesis induced by an HFD is not a synchronous all-or-nothing process but is specific for each gluconeogenic substrate and is integrated in a temporal manner with the progressive augmentation of fasting glycaemia. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.