Restrição financeira, tangibilidade e capital de giro : como as empresas brasileiras investem

Utilizando dados em Painel sobre mais de 15.000 observações de empresas brasileiras, tanto de capital aberto quanto de capital fechado no período entre 2010 a 2014, o presente estudo examinou a existência de restrição ao crédito e sua relação com investimentos em ativos fixos e o papel desempenhado pelo capital de giro enquanto ferramenta gerencial nas decisões de investimentos em ativos fixos. Para tanto, foram utilizadas duas metodologias-base: o estudo desenvolvido por Almeida e Campello (2007), que inovou ao incluir variáveis que controlam algumas das maiores críticas aos estudos relacionados à restrição ao crédito e o estudo de Ding, Guariglia e Knight (2011) que testou a relação de investimentos em capital de giro com investimentos em ativos fixos. Os resultados encontrados neste trabalho apontam que, de maneira geral, as empresas brasileiras sofrem com restrições ao crédito e também, que as empresas que investem mais em capital de giro demonstram menor sensibilidade do investimento em ativo fixo ao fluxo de caixa, porém, não conseguem traduzir isso em taxas maiores de investimentos.

Formulação de bloco intertravado cerâmico com adição de resíduos urbanos e industriais

The production of waste from urban and industrial activities is one of the factors of environmental contamination and has aroused attention of the scientific community, in the sense of its reuse. On the other hand, the city of Salvador/Ba, with approximately 262 channels, responsible for storm water runoff, produces every year, by the intervention of cleaning and clearing channels, a significant volume of sediments (dredged mud), and thus an appropriate methodology for their final destination. This study aims to assess the influence of incorporation of these tailings in arrays of clay for production of interlocked block ceramic, also known as ceramic paver. All the raw materials from the metropolitan region of Salvador (RMS) were characterized by x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, thermal analysis (TG and TDA), particle size analysis and dilatometry. With the use of statistical experimental planning technique, ternary diagram was defined in the study region and the analyzed formulations. The specimens were prepared with dimensions of 60x20x5mm³, by uniaxial pressing of 30 MPa and after sintering at temperatures of 900°, 1000º and 1100ºC the technological properties were evaluated: linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent specifies mass, flexural rupture and module. For the uniaxial compression strength used cylindrical probe body with Ø 50 mm. The standard mass (MP) was prepared with 90% by weight of clay and 10% by weight of Channel sediment (SCP), not being verified significant variations in the properties of the final product. With the incorporation of 10% by weight of manganese residue (PFM) and 10% by weight of the Ceramic waste (RCB) in the mass default, in addition to adjusting the plasticity due to less waste clay content, provided increased linear firing shrinkage, due the significant concentration of K2O, forming liquid phase at low temperature, contributing to decreased porosity and mechanical resistance, being 92,5 MPa maximum compressive strength verified. After extract test leachate and soluble, the piece containing 10% of the PFM, was classified as non-hazardous and inert material according to NBR10004/04 ABNT. The results showed the feasibility on using waste, SCP, RCB and PFM clay mass, at temperatures above 900ºC, paver ceramic production, according to the specifications of the technical standards, so that to exceed the 10% of the PFM, it becomes imperative to conduct studies of environmental impacts

Estudo paramétrico da injeção de vapor em reservatórios delgados

Exploration of heavy oil reservoirs is increasing every year in worldwide, because the discovery of light oil reservoirs is becoming increasingly rare. This fact has stimulated the research with the purpose of becoming viable, technically and economically, the exploration of such oil reserves. In Brazil, in special in the Northeast region, there is a large amount of heavy oil reservoir, where the recovery by the so called secondary methods Water injection or gas injection is inefficient or even impracticable in some reservoirs with high viscosity oils (heavy oils). In this scenario, steam injection appears as an interesting alternative for recover of these kinds of oil reservoirs. Its main mechanism consists of oil viscosity reduction through steam injection, increasing reservoir temperature. This work presents a parametric simulation study of some operational and reservoir variables that had influence on oil recovery in thin reservoirs typically found in Brazilian Northeast Basins, that use the steam injection as improved oil recovery method. To carry out simulations, it was used the commercial software STARS (Steam, Thermal, and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator) from CMG (Computer Modeling Group) version 2007.11. Reservoirs variables studied were horizontal permeability, vertical and horizontal permeability ratio, water zone and pay zone thickness ratio, pay zone thickness and thermal conductivity of the rock. Whereas, operational parameters studied were distance between wells and steam injection rate. Results showed that reservoir variables that had more influence on oil recovery were horizontal permeability and water zone and pay zone thickness ratio. In relation to operational variables, results showed that short distances between wells and low steam injection rates improved oil recovery

Pirólise de borras oleosas de petroleo utilizando nanomateriais

The oily sludge is a complex mix of hydrocarbons, organic impurities, inorganic and water. One of the major problems currently found in petroleum industry is management (packaging, storage, transport and fate) of waste. The nanomaterials (catalysts) mesoporous and microporous are considered promising for refining and adsorbents process for environment protection. The aim of this work was to study the oily sludge from primary processing (raw and treated) and vacuum residue, with application of thermal analyses technique (pyrolysis), thermal and catalytic pyrolysis with nanomaterials, aiming at production petroleum derived. The sludge and vacuum residue were analyzed using a soxhlet extraction system, elemental analysis, thin layer chromatography, thermogravimetry and pyrolysis coupled in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py GC MS). The catalysts AlMCM-41, AlSBA-15.1 e AlSBA-15.2 were synthesized with molar ratio silicon aluminum of 50 (Si/Al = 50), using tetraethylorthosilicante as source of silicon and pseudobuhemita (AlOOH) as source of aluminum. The analyzes of the catalysts indicate that materials showed hexagonal structure and surface area (783,6 m2/g for AlMCM-41, 600 m2/g for AlSBA-15.1, 377 m2/g for AlSBA-15.2). The extracted oily sludge showed a range 65 to 95% for organic components (oil), 5 to 35% for inorganic components (salts and oxides) and compositions different of derivatives. The AlSBA-15 catalysts showed better performance in analyzes for production petroleum derived, 20% increase in production of kerosene and light gas oil. The energy potential of sludge was high and it can be used as fuel in other cargo processed in refinery

Effects of rainfall on water quality in six sequentially disposed fishponds with continuous water flow

O estudo foi efetuado durante o período de chuva (dezembro-fevereiro) em seis viveiros de produção semi-intensiva de peixes, a fim de avaliar o efeito da chuva na qualidade da água de viveiros que apresentam fluxo contínuo de água, a qual é passada de um viveiro para outro sem tratamento prévio. Foram amostrados oito pontos de coleta nas saídas dos viveiros. O viveiro P1 (próximo à nascente) apresentou as menores concentrações físicas e químicas da água e as maiores no viveiro P4 (considerado um ponto crítico recebendo material alóctone proveniente de outros viveiros e do escoamento do setor de criação de rãs). A disposição seqüencial dos viveiros estudados promoveu aumento nas concentrações dos nutrientes, clorofila-a e condutividade. As chuvas características desta época do ano aumentaram o fluxo de água nos viveiros e conseqüentemente, carreando material particulado e dissolvido de um viveiro para outro e, promovendo um aumento das variáveis limnológicas em direção do P3 ao P6. Os resultados sugerem que a chuva no período de estudo afetou positivamente a qualidade da água dos viveiros estudados, porém, como os sistemas analisados estão dispostos em distribuição seqüencial e escoamento constante da água de viveiros e tanques paralelos sem tratamento prévio, cuidados devem ser averiguados para que o aumento do fluxo de água provocado pelas chuvas não tenha efeito adverso nos viveiros estudados.

Activity of sesame leaf extracts against the symbiotic fungus of Atta sexdens L.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Objetiva(ação) da medida e contagem do tempo em práticas socioculturais e educativas

This thesis describes and analyzes various processes established and practiced by both groups about the socio-cultural objective (action) the measurement and timing, mobilized some socio-historical practices as the use of the gnômon of the sundial and reading and interpretation of movements celestial constellations in cultural contexts such as indigenous communities and fishermen in the state of Pará, Brazil. The Purpose of the study was to describe and analyze the mobilization of such practices in the socio-historical development of matrices for teaching concepts and skills related to geometric angles, similar triangles, symmetry and proportionality in the training of mathematics teachers. The record of the entire history of investigation into the socio-historical practice, the formative action was based on epistemological assumptions of education ethnomathematics proposed by Vergani (2000, 2007) and Ubiratan D'Ambrosio (1986, 1993, 1996, 2001, 2004) and Alain Bishop conceptions about mathematics enculturation. At the end of the study I present my views on the practices of contributions called socio-cultural and historical for school mathematics, to give meaning to the concept formation and teaching of students, especially the implications of Education Ethnomatematics proposed by Vergani (2000) for training of future teachers of mathematics

Efeitos da laserterapia de baixa potência sobre a fadiga do músculo quadríceps de indivíduos jovens

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of low laser power on the performance of anaerobic endurance of the quadriceps muscle in young subjects. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) appears to decrease some indices of muscle fatigue. Most of these effects may be due to the influence of the laser on the muscles predominantly aerobic. Animal studies and clinical trials have already shown that the laser can improve the efficiency of mitochondrial metabolism for the resynthesis of adenosine triphosphate and thus slow down - or minimize, the deleterious effects of muscle fatigue. This research was characterized as an experimental study of the controlled clinical trial, randomized, blinded, attended by 93 volunteers, military, with ages between 18 and 19 years. The subjects were randomly allocated into three groups: Control (G1), Placebo (G2) and Laser (G3). All volunteers underwent an anthropometric assessment and a protocol Fatigue. This protocol was applied to an initial assessment (AV-1) for the collection of baseline data, and a final evaluation (AV-2). As the study variables, we used the blood lactate concentrations and indices of muscle power, as average power and peak velocity. The fatigue protocol consisted of a test of speed with twenty repetitions, performed on an exercise machine leg press 45º . In conclusion, it was found that, in this study, LLLT caused a significant increase in the Average of the Averages Powers, phase eccentric exercise in leg press 45º performed by young individuals

Desempenho de híbridos de milho submetidos a diferentes espaçamentos e densidades populacionais

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de espaçamentos entre linhas e densidades populacionais, nos componentes de produção e na produtividade de grãos, em dois híbridos de milho (Zea mays). O experimento foi conduzido na safra 2006/2007, em Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico típico, textura argilosa, em Jaboticabal, SP. O delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso foi composto por 24 tratamentos com parcelas subsubdivididas. As parcelas principais foram constituídas por três espaçamentos entre linhas (0,40, 0,60 e 0,80 m), as subparcelas, por dois híbridos e as subsubparcelas, por quatro densidades populacionais (30 mil, 50 mil, 70 mil e 90 mil plantas por hectare). Foram avaliadas as variáveis: altura de planta e altura da inserção da primeira espiga, diâmetro de colmo, número de grãos por espiga, massa de 1.000 grãos, produtividade de grãos e índice de colheita. A produtividade do milho aumentou com a redução do espaçamento entrelinhas para os híbridos avaliados. O incremento na densidade populacional de milho resultou em aumentos na altura das plantas e na altura da inserção da primeira espiga e em redução do número de grãos por espiga. O melhor arranjo de plantas para os híbridos avaliados é de 0,40 m de espaçamento entre linhas e de 75 mil e 80 mil plantas por hectare de densidade populacional.

Nutrient contents and production of rocket as affected by nitrogen concentrations in the nutritive solution

O empirismo no uso das soluções nutritivas é freqüente. Muitas vezes a mesma solução nutritiva é usada para diferentes espécies baseando-se apenas em semelhanças morfológicas. No entanto esta situação pode proporcionar desequilíbrio nutricional prejudicando tanto a produção quanto a qualidade do produto face o acúmulo de nitrato. Foi conduzido um trabalho em sistema hidropônico - NFT, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da concentração de nitrogênio na solução nutritiva na produção, nos teores de nutrientes e de nitrato em folhas de rúcula (Eruca sativa). O trabalho foi conduzido na primavera de 2003. Foram avaliadas quatro concentrações de nitrogênio na solução nutritiva (60,8; 121,6; 182,5; 243,5 mg L-1) e três cultivares de rúcula (Cultivada, Folha Larga e Selvática), sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso, fatorial 4 x 3, com quatro repetições. A cv. Cultivada apresentou maior estatura e fitomassa fresca de folhas, não diferindo da 'Folha Larga' quanto a número de folhas, teor de nitrato nas folhas e fitomassa seca e fresca da raiz. Houve incremento de NO3-, N, Ca e P e diminuição de Mg, K e S com o aumento da concentração de N na solução nutritiva. O cultivo da cv. Cultivada na concentração de 93 mg L-1 é a mais recomendada em função da maior produtividade e baixo teor de nitrato.

O processo de trabalho e a composição técnica do trabalho do enfermeiro no cuidado à saúde da criança em unidades de saúde da familia

With the trajectory that the problems related to child health are taking in our society, particularly with regard to infant mortality, beyond the process of decentralization of health and the implementation of the Family Health Strategy in the cities, where it has increased considerably performance of nursing staff in Primary Health Care, they can be considered essential factors for reflections on the care of nurse dispenses the health of these children. In order to check how it is organized the working process of the nurse in caring for these children in USFs as well as the difficulties found in the dynamics of this work, this research aimed to analyze the work processes of nurses in care Child Health in USFs, with emphasis on technologies used in producing care. This is a research exploratory and descriptive with qualitative approach, based on the theoretical reference in about Work Process and Composition Technique of Work. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews of 11 nurses who, at the moment, perform their functions for more than 01 year at USF. The guiding questions were based at theoretical reference. To analyze the results, was used the referential of content analysis, and was refer to thematic analysis. In situations that were involved closed questions of the interview, was used the aid of SPSS 15.0 program for Windows. The results indicated that the process of nurse work in health care of children, focuses on the preventive character, whose focus of the actions are healthy children, following the routines and protocols established by the Ministry of Health with a view to maintaining health them. When analyzing the data through theoretical references of Composition Technique of Work found that the core technologies of daily tasks of the nurse are directed for the use of technology soft-hard and hard, and the reason established between the Dead Working and Alive Working, there is prevalence of the first against the second in the production of this care. These situations contribute to the explanation of the emergence problems related to adhesion of mothers / caregivers to monitoring the CD, due to character prescriptive and normalizer of actions. The results also suggested the presence of "vanishing lines" in the make of nurses, confirming the self-governance of health professionals in daily work. These "vanishing lines" express the own execution of the Work Live in action, guided by the use of soft technologies, however, was not characterized as a process of technology transition. So, to get a better resolution to the problems related to child health, the nurse has reorganize your work process by focusing on the execution of work live in action.

Ação de diferentes preparações de extrato pirolenhoso sobre Brevipalpus phoenicis (GEIJSKES)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a forma de ação de duas preparações de extrato pirolenhoso aplicadas diretamente sobre Brevipalpus phoenicis, que é o ácaro vetor da leprose dos citros, um dos principais problemas da citricultura Paulista. Para o experimento, foram utilizados ácaros adultos mantidos numa criação-estoque no laboratório de Acarologia da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, em Jaboticabal-SP. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por duas diferentes preparações (destilado e decantado) de extrato pirolenhoso de eucalipto nas proporções EP:água de 1:600; 1:300 (normalmente recomendadas); 1:150; 1:75; 1:38; 1:19 e de água (testemunha), com 7 repetições. Cada parcela foi constituída de 10 ácaros mantidos sobre um fruto de laranja, em arena de 2,5 cm de diâmetro, delimitada com cola adesiva tipo Tanglefoot®. As aplicações foram efetuadas em Torre de Potter, pulverizando-se 2 mL por fruto das soluções correspondentes aos diferentes tratamentos. Os frutos foram mantidos em sala climatizada a 27±1ºC, e as avaliações foram realizadas 24 e 48 horas após a aplicação dos tratamentos, determinando-se o número de ácaros mortos (mortalidade) e retidos na barreira adesiva (repelência). Os dois tipos de extrato pirolenhoso testados não apresentaram repelência significativa sobre Brevipalpus phoenicis; ambos induziram mortalidade significativa somente para concentrações acima de 1:150, com efeito mais pronunciado para o destilado; há um aumento na mortalidade de 24 para 48 horas após a aplicação; a ação protetora preconizada pela aplicação de baixas doses (1:300 a 1:600) nas plantas não é devida à mortalidade e repelência pelo contato direto do extrato pirolenhoso sobre os ácaros.

Vivências compartilhadas de filhos separados pela hanseníase no RN a luz da história oral de vida

Several epidemics marked the lives of individuals and communities in all historical periods, and a prime example is leprosy, infectious disease marked by stigma, prejudice and social exclusion. In the past, the compulsory isolation of patients with leprosy caused serious social and psychological problems, resulting in the separation and the partial or total disruption of the family relationship. Children deprived of this living, removed often inhumanely, were kept and bred in preventoriums / educational establishments. This study aimed to: rescue the oral history of life of the children of leprosy patients that were built in preventorium Osvaldo Cruz, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte; develop a contextual analysis about these children; know the life trajectory of children of leprosy patients institutionalized in preventoriums / educational establishments; produce a documentary on the history of life of children of parents separated by leprosy; forming MORHAN of Rio Grande do Norte state; and implement the I Meeting of MORHAN of Rio Grande do Norte state. This is an exploratory and descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, approved by the ERC No. 024/024/2012 Liga Norteriograndense Contra o Câncer. We used the contributions of the method and technique of oral history of life as methodological reference. We interviewed 10 individuals egress from preventorium Osvaldo Cruz in Natal/RN, sons of former patients proven to be residents in the city, of both sexes, older than 18, with cognitive, intellectual and emotional conditions preserved. The analysis of the histories obtained from collaborators was performed in the light of Thematic Content Analysis. The results and discussions are presented through two articles which meet the proposed objectives. The first, called Contextual Analysis on the children of leprosy patients in preventoriums aimed to record the phenomenon of children of leprosy patients in preventorium through four contextual levels, which identified the need to broaden the debate on public policy in the field of leprosy as a way to enable more effective measures to propagate in the search for harm reduction and direct consequences resulting from stigma and marginalization around patients and their healthy children, egress from preventoriums. The second, Leprosy and the denial of history: the story of separated children , aimed to know the life trajectory of children of leprosy patients who were institutionalized in preventoriums / educational establishments. In this article, we discuss the research question through the establishment of three main themes: 1. Losses and damages: disintegration and reintegration into the family and denied childhood; 2. Unforgettable: remarkable things you do not forget; and 3. Expectancy in living new situations: in search of other paths and destinations. These thematic axis highlighted the negative implications for the lives of the subjects, arising from the separation of their parents, leprosy patients at the time of compulsory isolation; however, has also been shown that this separation was not decisive in their life histories, once they have succeeded in providing a new sense of these experiences and lead their lives with dignity and fortitude. It was concluded that these children demonstrated resilience as form of defense and fighting stigma and prejudice, being able to reinvent themselves and build new paths and destinations

Materiais corretivos e nitrogênio na nutrição e na produção de matéria seca de cana-de-açúcar cultivada em vaso

Silicon is a beneficial element that can increase the yield of sugarcane, especially when associated with nitrogen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of silicate slag as a source of Si and its interaction with soil N on nutrition and dry matter production of sugar cane. The treatments consisted of two sources of correctives (limestone and silicate slag) in three doses (one half, once and twice the dose shown to increase V to 60%), two N rates (300 e 600mg.dm(-3)) administered as urea, a control (without corrective and without N), arranged in a completely randomized factorial design 2x3x2+1, with four replicates. Each experimental unit was constituted by a 40dm(3) pot filled with an Oxisol (V= 10% and Si= 10.3mg.dm(-3)), and 4 seedlings (SP79-1011). The nutritional status (Si and N) was evaluated 10 months after planting the sugarcane, as well as the Si content of the soil and shoot dry matter The application of silicate slag increased the content of available Si in soil and the plant. The application of corrective materials improved the nutrition and dry matter production of sugarcane. Nitrogen fertilization was not significant for dry matter production of the sugarcane-plant, regardless of the source of corrective material.

Variação sazonal de micronutrientes em folhas de aceroleira (Malpighia emarginata DC.)

Os teores de micronutrientes nas folhas necessários para obter boa produtividade e qualidade de frutos de aceroleira (Malpighia emarginata DC.) e sua variação sazonal são pouco conhecidas. Para melhor entendimento da dinâmica de absorção de nutrientes e o desenvolvimento dessa frutífera avaliaram-se teores foliares de Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn, em seis progênies de aceroleira no período de dezembro de 1999 a outubro de 2000. O estudo foi conduzido na Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Agroindústria Tropical, em Pacajus, e envolveu 6 progênies (P52, P66, P78, P91, P93 e P97) e 6 épocas de amostragem das folhas (dezembro, fevereiro, abril, junho, agosto e outubro de 2000). A variação sazonal foi confirmada para os teores de Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn nas folhas, enquanto o Zn não sofreu alteração significativa nas progênies consideradas pela pesquisa. Os teores de Cu foram superiores em fevereiro, e os de Fe e Mn em agosto. As progênies apresentaram habilidade diferenciada na manutenção das concentrações de Cu, Mn e Zn nas folhas. A melhor época para amostragem de folhas e diagnóstico do estado nutricional foi em outubro, início do florescimento das aceroleiras, quando os teores de Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn devem ser superiores a 3, 125, 80 e 15 mg/kg.