Wavelet based spectral finite element modelling and detection of de-lamination in composite beams

In this paper, a model for composite beam with embedded de-lamination is developed using the wavelet based spectral finite element (WSFE) method particularly for damage detection using wave propagation analysis. The simulated responses are used as surrogate experimental results for the inverse problem of detection of damage using wavelet filtering. The WSFE technique is very similar to the fast fourier transform (FFT) based spectral finite element (FSFE) except that it uses compactly supported Daubechies scaling function approximation in time. Unlike FSFE formulation with periodicity assumption, the wavelet-based method allows imposition of initial values and thus is free from wrap around problems. This helps in analysis of finite length undamped structures, where the FSFE method fails to simulate accurate response. First, numerical experiments are performed to study the effect of de-lamination on the wave propagation characteristics. The responses are simulated for different de-lamination configurations for both broad-band and narrow-band excitations. Next, simulated responses are used for damage detection using wavelet analysis.

Spectral Finite Element Modeling of Complex Structures for Applications in Real-time Structural Health Monitoring

In this paper we discuss the recent progresses in spectral finite element modeling of complex structures and its application in real-time structural health monitoring system based on sensor-actuator network and near real-time computation of Damage Force Indicator (DFI) vector. A waveguide network formalism is developed by mapping the original variational problem into the variational problem involving product spaces of 1D waveguides. Numerical convergence is studied using a h()-refinement scheme, where is the wavelength of interest. Computational issues towards successful implementation of this method with SHM system are discussed.

An operator-splitting finite element method for the efficient parallel solution of multidimensional population balance systems

A finite element method for solving multidimensional population balance systems is proposed where the balance of fluid velocity, temperature and solute partial density is considered as a two-dimensional system and the balance of particle size distribution as a three-dimensional one. The method is based on a dimensional splitting into physical space and internal property variables. In addition, the operator splitting allows to decouple the equations for temperature, solute partial density and particle size distribution. Further, a nodal point based parallel finite element algorithm for multi-dimensional population balance systems is presented. The method is applied to study a crystallization process assuming, for simplicity, a size independent growth rate and neglecting agglomeration and breakage of particles. Simulations for different wall temperatures are performed to show the effect of cooling on the crystal growth. Although the method is described in detail only for the case of d=2 space and s=1 internal property variables it has the potential to be extendable to d+s variables, d=2, 3 and s >= 1. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Growth and consumption rates of the phase layers during interdiffusion in a diffusion couple with finite end member

The relations for the growth and consumption rates of a layer with finite thickness as an end member and the product phases in the interdiffusion zone are developed. We have used two different methodologies, the diffusion based and the physico-chemical approach to develop the same relations. We have shown that the diffusion based approach is rather straightforward; however, the physico-chemical approach is much more versatile than the other method. It was found that the position of the marker plane becomes vague in the second stage of the interdiffusion process in pure A thin layer/B couple, where two phases grow simultaneously.

An embedded grid adaptation strategy for unstructured data based finite volume computations

A grid adaptation strategy for unstructured data based codes, employing a combination of hexahedral and prismatic elements, generalizable to tetrahedral and pyramidal elements has been developed.

3D finite element modelling of a composite patch repair

Composite-patching on cracked/weak metallic aircraft structures improves structural integrity. A Boron Epoxy patch employed to repair a cracked Aluminum sheet is modeled employing 3D Finite Element Method (FEM). SIFs extracted using ''displacement extrapolation'' are used to measure the repair effectiveness. Two issues viz., patch taper and symmetry have been looked into.

Exciting forces due to interaction of water waves with a submerged sphere in an ice-covered two-layer fluid of finite depth

Scattering of water waves by a sphere in a two-layer fluid, where the upper layer has an ice-cover modelled as an elastic plate of very small thickness, while the lower one has a rigid horizontal bottom surface, is investigated within the framework of linearized water wave theory. The effects of surface tension at the surface of separation is neglected. There exist two modes of time-harmonic waves - the one with lower wave number propagating along the ice-cover and the one with higher wave number along the interface. Method of multipole expansions is used to find the particular solution for the problem of wave scattering by a submerged sphere placed in either of the layers. The exciting forces for vertical and horizontal directions are derived and plotted against different values of the wave number for different submersion depths of the sphere and flexural rigidity of the ice-cover. When the flexural rigidity and the density of the ice-cover are taken to be zero, the numerical results for the exciting forces for the problem with free surface are recovered as particular cases. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Unitary invariants for Hilbert modules of finite rank

We associate a sheaf model to a class of Hilbert modules satisfying a natural finiteness condition. It is obtained as the dual to a linear system of Hermitian vector spaces (in the sense of Grothendieck). A refined notion of curvature is derived from this construction leading to a new unitary invariant for the Hilbert module. A division problem with bounds, originating in Douady's privilege, is related to this framework. A series of concrete computations illustrate the abstract concepts of the paper.

Characterization and finite element modeling of montmorillonite/polypropylene nanocomposites

Finite element modeling can be a useful tool for predicting the behavior of composite materials and arriving at desirable filler contents for maximizing mechanical performance. In the present study, to corroborate finite element analysis results, quantitative information on the effect of reinforcing polypropylene (PP) with various proportions of nanoclay (in the range of 3-9% by weight) is obtained through experiments; in particular, attention is paid to the Young's modulus, tensile strength and failure strain. Micromechanical finite element analysis combined with Monte Carlo simulation have been carried out to establish the validity of the modeling procedure and accuracy of prediction by comparing against experimentally determined stiffness moduli of nanocomposites. In the same context, predictions of Young's modulus yielded by theoretical micromechanics-based models are compared with experimental results. Macromechanical modeling was done to capture the non-linear stress-strain behavior including failure observed in experiments as this is deemed to be a more viable tool for analyzing products made of nanocomposites including applications of dynamics. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Time and Frequency Domain Finite Element Models for Axial Wave Analysis in Hyperelastic Rods

The propagation of axial waves in hyperelastic rods is studied using both time and frequency domain finite element models. The nonlinearity is introduced using the Murnaghan strain energy function and the equations governing the dynamics of the rod are derived assuming linear kinematics. In the time domain, the standard Galerkin finite element method, spectral element method, and Taylor-Galerkin finite element method are considered. A frequency domain formulation based on the Fourier spectral method is also developed. It is found that the time domain spectral element method provides the most efficient numerical tool for the problem considered.

Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finite-element method for computation of two-phase flows with soluble surfactants

A finite-element scheme based on a coupled arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian and Lagrangian approach is developed for the computation of interface flows with soluble surfactants. The numerical scheme is designed to solve the time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations and an evolution equation for the surfactant concentration in the bulk phase, and simultaneously, an evolution equation for the surfactant concentration on the interface. Second-order isoparametric finite elements on moving meshes and second-order isoparametric surface finite elements are used to solve these equations. The interface-resolved moving meshes allow the accurate incorporation of surface forces, Marangoni forces and jumps in the material parameters. The lower-dimensional finite-element meshes for solving the surface evolution equation are part of the interface-resolved moving meshes. The numerical scheme is validated for problems with known analytical solutions. A number of computations to study the influence of the surfactants in 3D-axisymmetric rising bubbles have been performed. The proposed scheme shows excellent conservation of fluid mass and of the total mass of the surfactant. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Shear sum rules at finite chemical potential

We derive sum rules which constrain the spectral density corresponding to the retarded propagator of the T-xy component of the stress tensor for three gravitational duals. The shear sum rule is obtained for the gravitational dual of the N = 4 Yang-Mills, theory of the M2-branes and M5-branes all at finite chemical potential. We show that at finite chemical potential there are additional terms in the sum rule which involve the chemical potential. These modifications are shown to be due to the presence of scalars in the operator product expansion of the stress tensor which have non-trivial vacuum expectation values at finite chemical potential.