Comparison of three bone ultrasounds for the discrimination of subjects with and without osteoporotic fractures among 7562 elderly women

Bone ultrasound measures (QUSs) can assess fracture risk in the elderly. We compared three QUSs and their association with nonvertebral fracture history in 7562 Swiss women 70-80 years of age. The association between nonvertebral fracture was higher for heel than phalangeal QUS.

Quality controls for two heel bone ultrasounds used in the Swiss Evaluation of the Methods of Measurement of Osteoporotic Fracture Risk Study

Because of the important morbidity and mortality associated with osteoporosis, it is essential to detect subjects at risk by screening methods, such as bone quantitative ultrasounds (QUSs). Several studies showed that QUS could predict fractures. None, however, compared prospectively different QUS devices, and few data of quality controls (QCs) have been published. The Swiss Evaluation of the Methods of Measurement of Osteoporotic Fracture Risk is a prospective multicenter study that compared three QUSs for the assessment of hip fracture risk in a population of 7609 women age >/=70 yr. Because the inclusion phase lasted 20 mo, and because 10 centers participated in this study, QC became a major issue. We therefore developed a QC procedure to assess the stability and precision of the devices, and for their cross-calibration. Our study focuses on the two heel QUSs. The water bath system (Achilles+) had a higher precision than the dry system (Sahara). The QC results were highly dependent on temperature. QUS stability was acceptable, but Sahara must be calibrated regularly. A sufficient homogeneity among all the Sahara devices could be demonstrated, whereas significant differences were found among the Achilles+ devices. For speed of sound, 52% of the differences among the Achilles+ was explained by the water s temperature. However, for broadband ultrasound attenuation, a maximal difference of 23% persisted after adjustment for temperature. Because such differences could influence measurements in vivo, it is crucial to develop standardized phantoms to be used in prospective multicenter studies.

Dada, die Toten und die Überlebenden des Ersten Weltkriegs

Dass die Erlebnisse und Erfahrungen des Ersten Weltkrieges von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Entstehung der dadaistischen Revolte waren, ist bekannt. Für die Angriffe auf die Grundlagen der Zivilisation, die den Krieg hervorgebracht hatte, bedienten sich die Dadaisten bei ihren Collage- und Montageverfahren der Versatzstücke des Alten, um es umso radikaler verwerfen zu können. Ob die Dadaisten neben ihrem Protest auch das Gedenken an die Opfer des Krieges in ihren Arbeiten thematisierten, ist Thema dieses Beitrags. Ist es vorstellbar, dass neben der ätzenden Kritik und der Beleidigung der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft eine wie auch immer geartete Form der trauernden Erinnerung an die Toten von ihnen beabsichtigt war? Sicherlich suchten sie dabei andere Formen der Trauer als das in ihren Augen nur verlogene Gedenken der herrschenden Schichten. Ausgewählt wurden für die Untersuchung einige der skandalträchtigsten und öffentlichkeitswirksamsten Ausstellungsbeiträge und Aktionen von Dada Berlin, Köln und Paris.