999 resultados para Distribució espacial
Resumo:
Triops cancriformis, Chirocephalus diaphanus, Branchipus schaefferi and Tanymastix stagnalis are recorded in several new localities of Iberian Peninsula. A literature review of the previous localities is done. It is described the characteristics of the habitats in those that the four species have been located. This paper extends the geographic and altitudinal distribution range of T. stagnalis in the Iberian Peninsula. A reduction of T. cancriformis populations has been detected in rice fields where they were abundant. A significant number oflocalities are inside or near protected areas, so it is important a sensitivity in the management of these areas for the conservation of temporary waters. A better knowledge of the distribution of these species is the basis for a necessary and efficient species and habitat protection
Resumo:
We presented a bird-monitoring database inMediterranean landscapes (Catalonia, NE Spain) affected by wildfires and we evaluated: 1) the spatial and temporal variability in the bird community composition and 2) the influence of pre-fire habitat configuration in the composition of bird communities. The DINDIS database results fromthemonitoring of bird communities occupying all areas affected by large wildfires in Catalonia since 2000.We used bird surveys conducted from 2006 to 2009 and performed a principal components analysis to describe two main gradients of variation in the composition of bird communities, which were used as descriptors of bird communities in subsequent analyses. We then analysed the relationships of these community descriptors with bioclimatic regions within Catalonia, time since fire and pre-fire vegetation (forest or shrubland).We have conducted 1,918 bird surveys in 567 transects distributed in 56 burnt areas. Eight out of the twenty most common detected species have an unfavourable conservation status, most of them being associated to open-habitats. Both bird communities’ descriptors had a strong regional component and were related to pre-fire vegetation, and to a lesser extent to the time since fire.We came to the conclusion that the responses of bird communities to wildfires are heterogeneous, complex and context dependent. Large-scale monitoring datasets, such as DINDIS, might allow identifying factors acting at different spatial and temporal scales that affect the dynamics of species and communities, giving additional information on the causes under general trends observed using other monitoring systems
Resumo:
Degut al gran interès actual per instal·lar clústers dedicats al tractament de dades amb Hadoop, s'ha dissenyat una distribució de Linux que automatitza totes les tasques associades. Aquesta distribució permet fer el desplegament sobre un clúster i realitzar una configuració bàsica del mateix de la forma més desatesa possible.
Resumo:
Describimos el patrón espacial de un ecotono bosque subalpino-pastos alpinos, que incluye los límites altitudinales del bosque y del árbol, dominado por Pinus uncinata Ram. y localizado en los Pirineos Centrales. Situamos una parcela rectangular (30 x 140 m) cruzando el ecotono con su lado mayor paralelo a la pendiente. Para cada individuo de R uncinata dentro de la parcela medimos: su localización (coordenadas x, y), y variables estructurales (p. ej. altura) y de forma de crecimiento (número y tipo -vivo o muerto, vertical o arbustivo- de pies por individuo). Los individuos vivos de P. uncinata se clasificaron según su tamaño (adultos, jóvenes, vástagos y plántulas) y forma de crecimiento (krurmnhoIz -individuos arbustivos policórmicos-, krummholz con pies verticales). Describimos cuantitativamente el tipo de sustrato (suelo, materia orgánica, grava, roca) y la cobertura de herbáceas, arbustos y P. uncinata usando transectos paralelos a la pendiente. La estructura del ecotono se describió mediante: (a) los análisis del patrón de puntos (K de Ripley) y (b) del patrón de superficies (correlogramas espaciales de la altura); (c) la detección y descripción de fronteras usando la densidad o variables de tamaño y forma de crecimiento de los indidividos ; (d) la síntesis de las variaciones en la presencia y diversidad de sustratos y de herbáceas y arbustos-, y (e) la ordenación de los cuadrados en que subdividimos la parcela (115 cuadrados de 6 x 6 m), de acuerdo a su posición espacial en el ecotono, al tipo de sustrato, a la cobertura de herbáceas y arbustos y al número, tamaño y forma de crecimiento de los individuos de P. uncinata. La mayoría de los individuos vivos de P. uncinata eran krummhoIz, situándose por encima del límite del bosque. Los individuos krummholz mostraron interacción espacial positiva con las plántulas. En el área inferior del ecotono, los individuos grandes, verticales y unicórmicos...
Resumo:
OBJETIVO: Propõe-se avaliar os perfis de dose em profundidade e as distribuições espaciais de dose para protocolos de radioterapia ocular por prótons, a partir de simulações computacionais em código nuclear e modelo de olho discretizado em voxels. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: As ferramentas computacionais empregadas foram o código Geant4 (GEometry ANd Tracking) Toolkit e o SISCODES (Sistema Computacional para Dosimetria em Radioterapia). O Geant4 é um pacote de software livre, utilizado para simular a passagem de partículas nucleares com carga elétrica através da matéria, pelo método de Monte Carlo. Foram executadas simulações computacionais reprodutivas de radioterapia por próton baseada em instalações pré-existentes. RESULTADOS: Os dados das simulações foram integrados ao modelo de olho através do código SISCODES, para geração das distribuições espaciais de doses. Perfis de dose em profundidade reproduzindo o pico de Bragg puro e modulado são apresentados. Importantes aspectos do planejamento radioterápico com prótons são abordados, como material absorvedor, modulação, dimensões do colimador, energia incidente do próton e produção de isodoses. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a terapia por prótons, quando adequadamente modulada e direcionada, pode reproduzir condições ideais de deposição de dose em neoplasias oculares.
Resumo:
The aim of this work is to present the catalytic performance of iridium supported on carbon nanofibers with macroscopic shaping in a 2 N hydrazine microthruster placed inside a vacuum chamber in order to reproduce real-life conditions. The performances obtained are compared to those of the commercial catalyst Shell 405. The carbon-nanofiber based catalyst showed better performance than the commercial catalyst from the standpoint of activity due to its texture and its thermal conductivity.
Resumo:
La popularització de productes naturals i d’hàbits de vida saludables, ha contribuït a estimular la demanda de tota mena de d’articles vinculats a la salut com l’aigua mineral natural, que els últims anys, ha passat de ser una “commodity" a un producte de valor afegit. La conjuntura social i econòmica dels últims anys, també ha condicionat els hàbits de consum de les famílies. En alguns casos, la reducció del poder adquisitiu ha motivat l’estalvi en tota mena de productes i serveis fet que ha beneficiat les marques privades o de distribuïdor, sovint considerades inferiors en qualitat però també en preu, i que d’ara en endavant anomenarem (MDD). Els distribuïdors han recolzat els productes MDD millorant-ne la qualitat, la presentació i han invertit en estratègies de comunicació, fet que, ha suposat un increment de la quota de mercat en totes les categories de bens de consum favorable a les MDD. El present treball, pretén dur a terme un anàlisi comparatiu dels preus de venda al públic de les aigües minerals naturals a la cadena Mercadona, i de les estratègies promocionals seguides per tal d’afavorir la MDD vers les marques de fabricant (MDF).
Resumo:
Multi-element analyses of sediment samples from the Santos-Cubatão Estuarine System were carried out to investigate the spatial and seasonal variability of trace-element concentrations. The study area contains a rich mangrove ecosystem that is a habitat for tens of thousands of resident and migratory birds, some of them endangered globally. Enrichments of metals in fine-grained surface sediments are, in decreasing order, Hg, Mn, La, Ca, Sr, Cd, Zn, Pb, Ba, Cu, Cr, Fe, Nb, Y, Ni and Ga, relative to pre-industrial background levels. The maximum enrichment ranged from 49 (Hg) to 3.1 (Ga). Mercury concentrations were greater in the Cubatão river than in other sites, while the other elements showed greater concentrations in the Morrão river. Concentrations of Mn were significantly greater in winter and autumn than in summer and spring. However, other elements (e.g. Cd and Pb) showed the opposite, with greater concentrations in summer and spring. This study suggests that seasonal changes in physical and chemical conditions may affect the degree of sediment enrichment and therefore make the assessment of contamination difficult. Consequently, these processes need to be considered when assessing water quality and the potential contamination of biota.
Resumo:
Iron, copper and lead distribution was evaluated in sediment cores from a disturbed mangrove area in Guanabara Bay: a core from a seaward site where mangrove vegetation was removed ~20 yr before sampling (MD); a core from an intermediate site with dead vegetation, apparently due to insect attack (MP), and a core from a landward site with living vegetation (MV). Metal concentrations showed increasing values seaward while organic matter content showed an inverse trend, displaying a negative correlation with metals. This unusual correlation indicates opposite sources, since metals come from the bay and the main OM origin is probably degraded mangrove vegetation. Plant cover loss seems to be a critical factor affecting metal accumulation, particularly due to changes in OM input.
Resumo:
In this manuscript, seasonal and spatial trends of water collected from two sampling places in the Preto River in the Turvo-Grande watershed were evaluated. Water samples were collected during June/07 to July/08 and parameters sulphate, total organic carbon, ammonia, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, dissolved total solids and nitrate were quantified. Seasonal trend indicated sanitary effluents as a point source of contamination in both sampling points. Vertical trends demonstrated that the Municipal Dam was not stratified and received a diffuse source of pollutants from flooding and agriculture runoffs. It was also verified that there is relatively fast ammonia consumption kinetics having a half-life time of 1.43 h which can explain the low ammonia concentrations found in these aquatic bodies.
Resumo:
Organic tin compounds were investigated in the sediment of twenty-four stations located in the Todos os Santos Bay and the north coast of Bahia - Brazil. The concentration of these organic tin was also determined in a ascidium species of Phallusia nigra. The speciation and quantification was performed by GC-MS/MS. The highest concentrations were: tributyltin (TBT) 438 ng g-1, dibutyltin (DBT) 207 ng g-1, monobutyltin (MBT) 423 ng g-1, diphenyltin (DPT) 25.8 ng g-1 and monophenyltin (MPT) 55.0 ng g-1. DBT and MBT were found in Phallusia nigra, with highest concentrations of 294.1 and 148.5 ng g-1, respectively.
Resumo:
This work aims to study spatial and seasonal variability of some chemical-physical parameters in the Turvo/Grande watershed, São Paulo State, Brazil. Water samples were taken monthly, 2007/07-2008/11, from fourteen sampling stations sited along the Turvo, Preto and Grande Rivers and its main tributaries. The Principal Component Analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis showed two distinct groups in this watershed, the first one associated for the places more impacted by domestic effluent (lower levels of dissolved oxygen in the studied region). The sampling places located to downstream (Turvo and Grande rivers) were discriminate by diffuse source of pollutants from flooding and agriculture runoffs in a second group.
Resumo:
This study used chemometric tools and a Geographic Information System (GIS) to determine the influence of organic matter and anthropogenic activity on the distribution of metal species between two major communities of the Middle Negro River Basin-AM. Higher concentrations of metal species were determined in flooded regions. The chemometric analysis showed the affinity of organic matter for potentially toxic metals, indicating its selectivity. GIS spatial analysis has shown that proximity to urban areas is a variable that is likely to influence the pattern of concentration of organic matter, and consequently the distribution of metal species between flooded and non-flooded areas.
Resumo:
O vira-cabeça do fumo (Nicotiana tabacum), causado pelo Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV), do gênero Tospovirus, tem sido observado em alta incidência em determinadas áreas da região fumageira do agreste do estado de Alagoas. O arranjo espacial da doença foi analisado em duas áreas de plantio (A e B), formadas por quatro parcelas cada, localizadas no município de Arapiraca. As parcelas foram avaliadas semanalmente, sendo efetuado o mapeamento espacial de plantas sadias e com sintomas de vira-cabeça, bem como determinada a incidência da doença, representada pelo número de plantas com sintomas em relação ao total de plantas avaliadas. Pelas análises de "ordinary runs" e autocorrelação espacial, foi constatada a predominância do arranjo aleatório de plantas doentes, embora tenha sido detectada agregação em alguns casos. Embora não se descarte a possibilidade de mudas infetadas terem influenciado no arranjo da doença, a hipótese mais provável é que as infecções ocorreram principalmente pelo inóculo primário transmitido por tripes virulíferos entrando nas parcelas, oriundos de reservatórios externos.
Resumo:
A Clorose Variegada dos Citros (CVC) tem sido considerada a mais importante doença citrícola no Brasil, mas diversos aspectos de sua epidemiologia ainda não são bem conhecidos. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar o arranjo espacial das plantas afetadas, visando caracterizar a dinâmica da doença em três regiões do Estado de São Paulo (Noroeste, Centro e Sul). Por meio de avaliação de sintomas visuais, foram mapeados, quinzenalmente, três talhões de laranja-doce (Citrus sinensis) Pêra enxertada em limão Cravo (Citrus limonia), em três regiões do Estado de São Paulo, desde julho de 1998 até dezembro de 2000. Para o estudo da dinâmica espacial, foram aplicadas as seguintes análises: seqüências ordinárias; áreas isópatas; lei de Taylor modificada; índice de dispersão e análise de dinâmica e estrutura de focos. As seqüências ordinárias indicaram uma tendência à aleatoriedade na maioria das avaliações, indicando baixa transmissão a plantas imediatamente vizinhas. A análise de áreas isópatas mostrou pouca formação de focos compactos, numa tendência à uniformidade da incidência da CVC. As demais análises demonstraram pouca diferença no padrão espacial da doença entre as regiões, que pode ser considerado levemente agregado.