782 resultados para Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, prevención
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Tesis (Maestra en Ciencias con orientacin en Psicologa de la Salud) UANL, 2014.
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Tesis (Doctor en ciencias de enfermera) U.A.N.L. Facultad de Enfermera, 2006.
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Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias de Enfermera) UANL, 2010.
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Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias de Enfermera) UANL, 2012
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Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias de Enfermera) UANL, 2012
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Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias de Enfermera) UANL, 2014.
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Knowledge of the differences between the amounts and types of protein that are expressed in diseased compared to healthy subjects may give an understanding of the biological pathways that cause disease. This is the reasoning behind the presented protocol, which uses difference gel electrophoresis to discover up or downregulated proteins between mice of different genotypes, or of those fed on different diets, that may thus be prone to develop diabeteslike phenotypes. Subsequent analysis of these proteins by tandem mass spectrometry typically facilitates their identification with a high degree of confidence.
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Antioxidants probably play an important role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes (DM2). This study evaluated the effects of supplementation with lipoic acid (LA) and alpha-tocopherol on the lipid profile and insulin sensitivity of DM2 patients. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 102 DM2 patients divided into four groups to receive daily supplementation for 4 months with: 600 mg LA (n = 26); 800 mg alpha-tocopherol (n = 25); 800 mg alpha-tocopherol + 600 mg LA (n = 25); placebo (n = 26). Plasma alpha-tocopherol, lipid profile, glucose, insulin, and the HOMA index were determined before and after supplementation. Differences within and between groups were compared by ANOVA using Bonferroni correction. Student`s t-test was used to compare means of two independent variables. The vitamin E/total cholesterol ratio improved significantly in patients supplemented with vitamin E + LA and vitamin E alone (p <= 0.001). There were improvements of the lipid fractions in the groups receiving LA and vitamin E alone or in combination, and on the HOMA index in the LA group, but not significant. The results suggest that LA and vitamin E supplementation alone or in combination did not affect the lipid profile or insulin sensitivity of DM2 patients. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Syfte: Att underska patienters upplevelser av livskvalitet vid nydiagnostiserad typ 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Metod: En empirisk studie med en kvalitativ ansats som innefattade tio deltagare med nydiagnostiserad typ 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfrdes utifrn en intervjuguide dr insamlad data analyserades med kvalitativ manifest innehllsanalys. Resultat: Studien resulterade i fyra huvudkategorier och tio subkategorier. Upplevelsen av att f ett diagnosbesked varierade mellan deltagarna, fr vissa deltagarna var beskedet inte frvnande medan andra upplevde knslor av chock och frnekelse. Deltagarna upplevde positiva frndringar, exempelvis viktnedgng och frbttrad hlsa men ven negativa frndringar, exempelvis att vara beroende av lkemedel. Vissa upplevde ingen frndring alls. Typ 2 Diabetes Mellitus pverkade inte deltagarnas fysiska eller psykiska hlsa i de flesta fall. Deltagarna ansg det som viktig att f std frn bde omgivningen och hlso- och sjukvrden. Konklusion: Knslorna ver ett diagnosbesked kunde variera men upplevelsen av livskvalitet pverkades inte av Typ 2 Diabetes Mellitus i de flesta fall i studien. Patientens instllning till att leva med Typ 2 Diabetes Mellitus inverkade p frmgan till att utfra egenvrd, och distriktskterskans std och engagemang ansgs vara betydelsefullt i sjukdomsprocessen.
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A disfuno autonmica est associada com aumento da mortalidade em pacientes diabticos, especialmente naqueles com doena cardiovascular. Neuropatia perifrica, mau controle glicmico, dislipidemia e hipertenso so alguns dos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doena vascular perifrica (DVP) nestes pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os fatores de risco associados com a presena de DVP em pacientes com DM tipo 2. Um estudo transversal foi realizado em 84 pacientes com DM tipo 2 ( 39 homens, idade mdia de 64,9 7,5 anos). Os pacientes foram submetidos a uma avaliao clnica e laboratorial. A presena de DVP foi definida, utilizando-se um um aparelho manual de ultrasom com doppler (ndice perna-brao < 0,9). A atividade autonmica foi avaliada atravs da anlise da variabilidade da freqncia cardaca (HRV) por mtodos no domnio do tempo e da freqncia (anlise espectral), e pelo mapa de retorno tridimensional durante o perodo do dia e da noite. Para a anlise da HRV, um eletrocardiograma de 24 horas foi gravado e as fitas analisadas em um analisador de Holter Mars 8000 (Marquete). A potncia espectral foi quantificada pela rea em duas bandas de freqncia: 0,04-0,15 Hz baixa freqncia (BF), 0,015-0,5 Hz alta freqncia (AF). A razo BF/AF foi calculada em cada paciente. O mapa de retorno tridimensional foi construdo atravs de um modelo matemtico onde foram analisados os intervalos RR versus a diferena entre os intervalos RR adjacentes versus o nmero de contagens verificadas, e quantificado por trs ndices refletindo a modulao simptica (P1) e vagal (P2 e P3). DVP estava presente em 30 (36%) pacientes. Na anlise univariada, pacientes com DVP apresentaram ndices que refletem a modulao autonmica (anlise espectral) diminudos quando comparados aos pacientes sem DVP, respectivamente: BF = 0,19 0,07 m/s2 vs. 0,29 0,11 m/s2 P = 0,0001; BF/AF = 1,98 0,9 m/s2 vs. 3,35 1,83 m/s2 p = 0,001. Alm disso, o ndice que reflete a atividade simptica no mapa de retorno tridimensional (P1), foi mais baixo em pacientes com DVP (61,7 9,4 vs. 66,8 9,7 unidades arbitrrias, P = 0,04) durante a noite, refletindo maior ativao simptica neste perodo. Estes pacientes tambm apresentavam uma maior durao do diabetes (20 8,1 vs. 15,3 6,7 anos, P = 0,006), nveis de presso arterial sistlica (154 20 vs. 145 20 mmHg, P = 0,04), razo cintura-quadril ( 0,98 0,09 vs.0,92 0,08, P = 0,01), e nveis de HbA1c mais elevados (7,7 1,6 vs. 6,9 1,7 %, P = 0,04), bem como valores de triglicerdeos ( 259 94 vs. 230 196 mg/dl, P= 0,03) e de excreo urinria de albumina ( 685,5 1359,9 vs. 188,2 591,1 /min, P = 0,02) superiores aos dos pacientes sem DVP.. Nos pacientes com DVP observou-se uma presena aumentada de nefropatia diabtica (73,3% vs. 29,6% P = 0,0001), de retinopatia (73,3% vs. 44,4% P = 0,02) e neuropatia perifrica (705 vs. 35,1% P = 0,006). Os grupos no diferiram quanto idade, ndice de massa corporal, tabagismo e presena de doena arterial coronariana. Na anlise logstica multivariada, a DVP permaneceu associada com a disfuno autonmica, mesmo aps ter sido controlada pela presso arterial sistlica, durao do DM, HbA1c, triglicerdeos e excreo urinria de albumina. Concluindo, pacientes com DVP e DM tipo 2 apresentam ndices que refletem a modulao autonmica diminudos, o que pode representar um fator de risco adicional para o aumento da mortalidade nestes pacientes.
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A nefropatia diabtica (ND) uma complicao freqente do diabete melito (DM) e acarreta grande morbi-mortalidade. A preveno desta complicao ser mais efetiva se os indivduos de maior risco, que se beneficiariam de tratamento intensivo dos fatores risco modificveis, fossem precocemente identificados. A microalbuminria, definida por valores de excreo urinria de albumina (EUA) de 20-199 g/min, ainda o melhor marcador da instalao e progresso da ND, alm de ser um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenas macrovasculares. Estas associaes podem ser explicadas pela teoria de que a microalbuminria representa, na verdade, dano endotelial generalizado. A albuminria nos limites superiores da normalidade tambm est associada ao desenvolvimento futuro de micro- e macroalbuminria. Alm disso, existe uma associao entre albuminria normal-alta, doena cardiovascular e mortalidade geral em indivduos com e sem DM. A EUA tem correlao direta e contnua com o desenvolvimento de doena renal e cardiovascular, sem um ponto determinado a partir do qual ocorreria um aumento mais importante do risco. No entanto, na prtica clnica se faz necessrio o estabelecimento de um valor crtico para guiar o tratamento dos pacientes. Algumas evidncias apontam para valores de EUA em torno de 10 g/min como um novo ponto de corte para o diagnstico de microalbuminria.Concluindo, a associao entre a EUA e os desfechos renais e cardiovasculares parece ser contnua e j est presente at mesmo com nveis de EUA considerados normais. A adoo do valor de 10 g/min como de risco poder identificar os pacientes que deveriam receber tratamento mais precoce e agressivo dos fatores de risco modificveis.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnolgico
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Background: The consumption of foods containing probiotic and prebiotic ingredients is growing consistently every year, and in view of the limited number of studies investigating their effect in the elderly.Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the consumption of a symbiotic shake containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum and fructooligosaccharides on glycemia and cholesterol levels in elderly people.Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on twenty volunteers (ten for placebo group and ten for symbiotic group), aged 50 to 60 years. The criteria for inclusion in the study were: total cholesterol > 200 mg/dL; triglycerides > 200 mg/dL and glycemia > 110 mg/dL. Over a total test period of 30 days, 10 individuals (the symbiotic group) consumed a daily dose of 200 mL of a symbiotic shake containing 10(8) UFC/mL Lactobacillus acidophilus, 10(8) UFC/mL Bifidobacterium bifidum and 2 g oligofructose, while 10 other volunteers (the placebo group) drank daily the same amount of a shake that did not contain any symbiotic bacteria. Blood samples were collected 15 days prior to the start of the experiment and at 10-day intervals after the beginning of the shake intake. The standard lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol) and glycemia, or blood sugar levels, were evaluated by an enzyme colorimetric assay.Results: The results of the symbiotic group showed a non-significant reduction (P > 0.05) in total cholesterol and triglycerides, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in HDL cholesterol and a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in fasting glycemia. No significant changes were observed in the placebo group.Conclusion: The consumption of symbiotic shake resulted in a significant increase in HDL and a significant decrease of glycemia.
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Diabetes Mellitus (DM) affected approximately 171 million people in the world in the year 2000 as described by the World Health Organization (WHO). Because DM is a multisystem disease it can cause several complications especially those related to the cardiovascular system. The Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) of the lower limbs and the Diabetic Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy (DDSP) can affect the DM patient causing consequences as the diabetic foot and eventually amputations. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of PAD and sensorial impairment in 73 type 2 DM (DM2) patients and also assess the impact of PAD on quality of life, level of physical activity and body composition. For clinical assessment it was used: the ankle-brachial index (ABI); quantitative sensorial test for tactile sensibility (ST), pain (SD), vibration (SV); Achilles tendon reflex (RA); quality of life questionnaire (SF-36); modified Baecke physical activity questionnaire and bioelectric impedance. Prevalence of PAD in the studied population was 13.7%. ABI was inversely correlated to age (p=0,03; rh= -0,26), diabetes duration (p=0,02; rh= -0,28) and blood pressure (p= 0,0007; rh= -0,33). There were lower scores for physical health summary on the SF-36 in DM2 patients; however, the presence of PAD predominantly mild did not significantly impact quality of life, body composition or physical activity level assessed by questionnaire. Fourteen patients (19.2%) present bilateral and symmetrical alterations in two or more sensorial tests compatible to DPN diagnosis. Abnormalities in ST, SD and SV were present in 27.3%, 24.6% and 8.2%; respectively. There was association of results from ST abnormalities with RA and mainly with SD, suggesting the importance of 10g monofilament use in DM2 routine assessment. In conclusion, the prevalence of PAD in subclinical DM2 was slightly higher compared to the general population and in agreement to previously published data in DM patients. The PAD severity was predominantly mild and still without repercussion on quality of life and body composition. Our study demonstrated a significant prevalence of both PAD and DPN in DM2 without previous diagnosis of these complications and indicates the necessity of early preventive and therapeutic interventions for this population
