Missing Rings in Pinus halepensis – The Missing Link to Relate the Tree-Ring Record to Extreme Climatic Events

Climate predictions for the Mediterranean Basin include increased temperatures, decreased precipitation, and increased frequency of extreme climatic events (ECE). These conditions are associated with decreased tree growth and increased vulnerability to pests and diseases. The anatomy of tree rings responds to these environmental conditions. Quantitatively, the width of a tree ring is largely determined by the rate and duration of cell division by the vascular cambium. In the Mediterranean climate, this division may occur throughout almost the entire year. Alternatively, cell division may cease during relatively cool and dry winters, only to resume in the same calendar year with milder temperatures and increased availability of water. Under particularly adverse conditions, no xylem may be produced in parts of the stem, resulting in a missing ring (MR). A dendrochronological network of Pinus halepensis was used to determine the relationship of MR to ECE. The network consisted of 113 sites, 1,509 trees, 2,593 cores, and 225,428 tree rings throughout the distribution range of the species. A total of 4,150 MR were identified. Binomial logistic regression analysis determined that MR frequency increased with increased cambial age. Spatial analysis indicated that the geographic areas of south-eastern Spain and northern Algeria contained the greatest frequency of MR. Dendroclimatic regression analysis indicated a non-linear relationship of MR to total monthly precipitation and mean temperature. MR are strongly associated with the combination of monthly mean temperature from previous October till current February and total precipitation from previous September till current May. They are likely to occur with total precipitation lower than 50 mm and temperatures higher than 5°C. This conclusion is global and can be applied to every site across the distribution area. Rather than simply being a complication for dendrochronology, MR formation is a fundamental response of trees to adverse environmental conditions. The demonstrated relationship of MR formation to ECE across this dendrochronological network in the Mediterranean basin shows the potential of MR analysis to reconstruct the history of past climatic extremes and to predict future forest dynamics in a changing climate.

The climatic changes of later geological times : a discussion based on observations made in the Cordilleras of North America / by J. D. Whitney.

v.7:no.2 (1882)

O clima de Trás-os-Montes: características, curiosidades e evolução

Portugal é um país onde domina o clima com caraterísticas Mediterrânicas, mas com várias províncias climáticas. A latitude, proximidade do mar e o relevo são fatores responsáveis por grande parte das diferenças climáticas encontradas. No sentido de procurar encontrar possíveis alterações climáticas utilizaram-se registos de Normais Climáticas, comparando-se os valores, na tentativa de encontrar possíveis mudanças registadas.

Mineral-magnetic record of Late Quaternary climatic changes in a high Alpine lake

The magnetic properties of a sediment core from a high altitude lake in the Swiss Alps were compared with palynological and geochemical data to link climatic and mineral magnetic variations. According to pollen data, the sediments extend from the present to the Younger Dryas, i.e., they cover more than 10,000 years of environmental change in the Alps. The major change in magnetic properties corresponds to the climatic warming of the early Holocene. High-coercivity magnetic minerals that characterize the Late Glacial period almost disappeared during the Holocene and the concentration of ferrimagnetic minerals increased sharply. The contribution of superparamagnetic grains also decreased in the Holocene sediments. Similar variations in {SP} content and coercivity, of smaller magnitude, are found in the Holocene and are interpreted to represent minor climatic variations. Comparison with the historical record of the last 1000 years confirms this interpretation. The magnetic mineralogy, the superparamagnetic contents, and the {IRM} intensity in the coarse-grained, Late Glacial sediments are similar to those measured in the catchment bedrock. This indicates a detrital origin. The different properties and the higher concentration of magnetic minerals in the Holocene sediments are due to authigenic phases. Magnetic properties provide a high resolution record of climatic change. They are sensitive even to small variations that are not recorded in the pollen or {LOI} data. Magnetic parameters show fine-scale variation and constitute a valuable supplement to conventional climatic indicators.

Climatic guide for Baltimore, Maryland /

Chiefly tables.

Climatic guide for Seattle, Washington and adjacent Puget Sound area /

Chiefly tables.

Climatic guide for Houston-Galveston, Texas area.

Mode of access: Internet.

Proceedings of the third Conference on the Climatic Impact Assessment Program, February 26-March 1, 1974 /

Includes bibliographical references and author index.

Climatic guide for New York City, New York and nearby areas /

Chiefly tables.

Proceedings of the NMFS/EDS Workshop on Climate and Fisheries, April 26-29, 1976 : meetings held at the Center for Climatic and Environmental Assessment, Columbia, Mo.

"October 1976."

North American climatic data catalog.

Includes index.