Produção de mudas de baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) sob três níveis de sombreamento e quatro classes texturais de solo

Foi avaliado o desenvolvimento de mudas de baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) em vasos, sob três níveis de sombreamento e quatro classes texturais do solo, no período de março a outubro de 2010, em Campo Grande-MS. Os tratamentos consistiram em 0%, 30% e 50% de sombreamento e solos de textura arenosa, média, argilosa e muito argilosa. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, com medidas repetidas no tempo. Foram utilizadas três repetições e dez plantas por subparcela. Os níveis de sombreamento corresponderam aos tratamentos, e as diferentes classes texturais do solo, aos subtratamentos. As plantas foram avaliadas em intervalos de 15 dias após a emergência (DAE) até 195 DAE, sendo avaliadas quanto à altura (cm) de plantas, número de folhas e diâmetro do coleto (mm). Aos 195 DAE, também foram avaliadas a percentagem de sobrevivência, a área foliar e a massa seca de folha, caule e das raízes das plantas. Sob sombreamento, foram observados maiores valores de altura e área foliar. A altura de plantas foi de 32,09 cm e 31,21 cm planta-1 , e a área foliar foi de 639,24 cm² e 580,49 cm² planta-1 para os níveis de sombreamento de 50% e 30%, respectivamente. No solo de textura argilosa, os valores foram superiores na maioria das características avaliadas, seguido do solo com textura muito argilosa. A maior produção de massa seca de folha foi no solo com textura argilosa, com média de 7,28 g planta-1. A percentagem de sobrevivência das mudas no solo com textura arenosa foi inferior aos demais. Houve interação entre níveis de sombreamento e classes texturais do solo na massa seca de raízes, que foi maior (1,43 g kg-1 de solo) no solo de textura muito argilosa, no nível de 50% de sombreamento. As mudas de baru atingiram medidas de altura e diâmetro de coleto adequadas em todos os níveis de sombreamento e classes texturais do solo.

Transition mutation in codon 248 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene induced by reactive oxygen species and a nitric oxide-releasing compound.

Exposing the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B to the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium 1-(N,N-diethylamino)diazen-1-ium-1, 2-diolate (DEA/NO) at an initial concentration of 0.6 mM while generating superoxide ion at the rate of 1 microM/min with the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HX/XO) system induced C:G-->T:A transition mutations in codon 248 of the p53 gene. This pattern of mutagenicity was not seen by 'fish-restriction fragment length polymorphism/polymerase chain reaction' (fish-RFLP/PCR) on exposure to DEA/NO alone, however, exposure to HX/XO led to various mutations, suggesting that co-generation of NO and superoxide was responsible for inducing the observed point mutation. DEA/NO potentiated the ability of HX/XO to induce lipid peroxidation as well as DNA single- and double-strand breaks under these conditions, while 0.6 mM DEA/NO in the absence of HX/XO had no significant effect on these parameters. The results show that a point mutation seen at high frequency in certain common human tumors can be induced by simultaneous exposure to reactive oxygen species and a NO source.

Compound Heterozygous VSX2 Mutation Causing Bilateral Anophthalmia in a Consanguineous Egyptian Family

Purpose: To report the clinical and genetic study of a child with bilateral anophthalmia. Methods: A 14-year-old Egyptian boy, born from consanguineous parents, underwent a general and a full ophthalmological examination. Mutation screen of the A/M genes with recessive inheritance was done stepwise and DNA was analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Results: Bilateral anophthalmia, arachnodactyly of the feet and high arched palate were observed on general examination. The parents were first cousins and healthy. Sequencing analysis revealed a novel compound heterozygous mutation in one of the copy of exon 2 of VSX2 and a possible deletion of at least exon 2 on the other allele. Conclusions: A compound heterozygous VSX2 mutation associated with anophthalmia was identified in a patient from an Egyptian consanguineous family. This report brings the number of VSX2 mutation in anophthalmia/microphthalmia (A/M) to 13. Functional consequences of the reported changes still need to be characterized, as well as the percentage of A/M caused by mutations in the VSX2 gene. This family also shows that despite consanguinity, heterozygous mutations can also happen and one should not restrict the molecular analysis to homozygous mutations.

Identification of new transformation products during enzymatic treatment of tetracycline and erythromycin antibiotics at laboratory scale by an on-line turbulent flow liquid-chromatography coupled to a high resolution mass spectrometer LTQ-Orbitrap

This work describes the formation of transformation products (TPs) by the enzymatic degradation at laboratory scale of two highly consumed antibiotics: tetracycline (Tc) and erythromycin (ERY). The analysis of the samples was carried out by a fast and simple method based on the novel configuration of the on-line turbulent flow system coupled to a hybrid linear ion trap – high resolution mass spectrometer. The method was optimized and validated for the complete analysis of ERY, Tc and their transformation products within 10 min without any other sample manipulation. Furthermore, the applicability of the on-line procedure was evaluated for 25 additional antibiotics, covering a wide range of chemical classes in different environmental waters with satisfactory quality parameters. Degradation rates obtained for Tc by laccase enzyme and ERY by EreB esterase enzyme without the presence of mediators were ∼78% and ∼50%, respectively. Concerning the identification of TPs, three suspected compounds for Tc and five of ERY have been proposed. In the case of Tc, the tentative molecular formulas with errors mass within 2 ppm have been based on the hypothesis of dehydroxylation, (bi)demethylation and oxidation of the rings A and C as major reactions. In contrast, the major TP detected for ERY has been identified as the “dehydration ERY-A”, with the same molecular formula of its parent compound. In addition, the evaluation of the antibiotic activity of the samples along the enzymatic treatments showed a decrease around 100% in both cases

Creating and organizing an "English class" in primary education: The role of teacher talk in the EFL amd CLIL Classes

Catalonia is a bilingual country where the presence of English in the social context is small; the amount of input received by the primary education pupils is very little and this input mainly comes from the English lessons at school. Consequently, this situation combined with the increasing demand for English and the fact that the new generations want to become communicatively competent in English place the role of English teachers in a relevant position. This research project analyses the role of the English teacher talk; in particular, the study focuses on the teacher’s oral productions in foreign language lessons (EFL) and in content-based lessons (CLIL).

Les conductes indisciplinades a les classes d'educació física de l'E.S.O. del Col·legi sant Antoni Abat

Aquest treball té tres objectius. El primer, conèixer el concepte de les conductes indisciplinades i les seves diferents tipologies existents a les classes d’Educació Física mitjançant una gran recerca bibliogràfica. Com a segon objectiu, esbrinar quines són les conductes indisciplinades més freqüents dels alumnes de 1r d’E.S.O A i C del Col·legi Sant Antoni Abat dins d’aquesta matèria mitjançant la utilització d’un instrument observacional per a la recollida de dades. I com a últim objectiu, descobrir les habilitats i actituds que ha de portar a terme el professor d’Educació Física per a reduir el nombre de conductes indisciplinades fent una altra recerca bibliogràfica. Aquesta ens possibilitarà la creació d’un instrument observacional dirigit als dos professors d’Educació Física amb la finalitat de saber si aquests les compleixen. Finalment, a partir dels resultats obtinguts dels dos instruments observacionals, tant dels alumnes com dels professors, compararem els resultats entre les classes del professor A i el professor B, els quals ens ajudaran a establir relacions per a respondre a la nostra hipòtesi del treball: Si els professors d’educació física porten a terme certes habilitats i actituds, llavors disminuiran el nombre de conductes indisciplinades.

Motivations résidentielles et pratiques de mobilité des classes moyennes supérieures dans les villes suisses

Cet article analyse le regain d'attractivité des villes pour les catégories socio-professionnelles supérieures dans le cas de trois centres urbains suisses. Les choix résidentiels étudiés sont étroitement liés à la recherche d'un capital spatial spécifique de la part de ménages qui placent les questions de proximité et de mobilité au coeur de leur décision de vivre en ville, qui adoptent un comportement multimodal, et qui apparaissent attachés à la proximité tout en étant potentiellement hypermobiles (à l'instar de certains pendulaires interurbains). Cette dotation en capital spatial s'explique par des stratégies d'adaptation (afin de concilier les différentes facettes de la vie quotidienne) et par certaines valeurs (notamment environnementales). Le choix résidentiel apparaît dans l'ensemble comme un choix stratégique, la localisation centrale et le potentiel de mobilité qui lui est associé devant permettre aux ménages de rendre compatible contraintes spatio-temporelles et modes de vie.

Classes i grups socials a la Regió Metropolitana de Barcelona

Anàlisi de les classes i grups socials a la Regió Metropolitana de Barcelona des de la perspectiva de la descripció de les seves característiques

Possible new ways in the pharmacological treatment of bipolar disorder and comorbid alcoholism.

Possible new ways in the pharmacological treatment of bipolar disorder and comorbid alcoholism. Azorin JM, Bowden CL, Garay RP, Perugi G, Vieta E, Young AH. Source Department of Psychiatry, CHU Sainte Marguerite, Marseilles, France. Abstract About half of all bipolar patients have an alcohol abuse problem at some point of their lifetime. However, only one randomized, controlled trial of pharmacotherapy (valproate) in this patient population was published as of 2006. Therefore, we reviewed clinical trials in this indication of the last four years (using mood stabilizers, atypical antipsychotics, and other drugs). Priority was given to randomized trials, comparing drugs with placebo or active comparator. Published studies were found through systematic database search (PubMed, Scirus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct). In these last four years, the only randomized, clinically relevant study in bipolar patients with comorbid alcoholism is that of Brown and colleagues (2008) showing that quetiapine therapy decreased depressive symptoms in the early weeks of use, without modifying alcohol use. Several other open-label trials have been generally positive and support the efficacy and tolerability of agents from different classes in this patient population. Valproate efficacy to reduce excessive alcohol consumption in bipolar patients was confirmed and new controlled studies revealed its therapeutic benefit to prevent relapse in newly abstinent alcoholics and to improve alcohol hallucinosis. Topiramate deserves to be investigated in bipolar patients with comorbid alcoholism since this compound effectively improves physical health and quality of life of alcohol-dependent individuals. In conclusion, randomized, controlled research is still needed to provide guidelines for possible use of valproate and other agents in patients with a dual diagnosis of bipolar disorder and substance abuse or dependence.

Els corbs i les lluites de classes

Tradicionalment s'ha dit que les clases socials van sorgir durant la revolució neolítica, quan algunes persones van comen- çar a exercir drets de propietat sobre la terra, la qual cosa, al seu torn, va significar l'origen, en paraules de filòsofs com Karl Marx i Friedrich Engels, de l'anomenada lluita de classes. No queda clar, però, si abans ja existien diferències de classe, de manera que la revolució neolítica potser només les va aprofundir. El motiu d'aquesta segona possibilitat és que totes les espècies animals que tenen comportaments socials mostren diferències jeràrquiques entre els diversos membres. Un nou estudi publicat a Current Biology demostra que els corbs, ocells amb comportaments socials complexos, també tenen clases socials i lluites de classe.

Novel neutral iron(II) isocyanide maleonitrile dithiolate [Fe(S2C2(CN)2)(t-BuNC) 4] compound

FeBr2 reacts with the S2C2(CN)2(2-) ion (1:1 ratio) in the presence of an excess of t-BuNC in THF to give the mixed ligand [Fe(S2C2(CN)2)(t-BuNC) 4] compound. This neutral product with a formal oxidation state of two for the iron atom was characterized by conductivity measurements, and, i.r., Mössbauer, 13C and ¹H n.m.r. spectroscopy. There is a Fe-C pi back-donation strengthened towards isocyanide ligands, according to the data of 13C, ¹H n.m.r. and Mössbauer spectroscopy.

Construção e estudos de perfomance de um reator fotoquímico tipo CPC ("Compound Parabolic Concentrator")

A CPC (Compound Parabolic Concentrator) reactor was projected and constructed aiming to promote the degradation of the organic matter present in considerable volumes of aqueous effluents, under the action of solar radiation. The essays were done using a model effluent which consists of a mixture of fragments of a sodium salt of lignosulphonic acid possessing a mean molecular weigth of 52,000 Daltons, and a real effluent, from a chip board industry. The volume of effluent in each test was about 50 L. The tests involved heterogeneous (TiO2 P25 Degussa and formulations made from the association of TiO2 with a photosensitiser), and homogeneous (thermal and photochemical Fenton reactions) catalysis of the effluents. The results demonstrate the viability of application of this kind of reactor even when the load of organic pollutants is high.