Yellow-red luminescence in ZnO nanoparticles synthesized from zinc acetylacetonate phenanthroline

ZnO powders/thin films/coatings when excited by a suitable excitation source, usually yield green luminescence in the visible wavelength range along with characteristic ultra-violet emission. We report yellow-red emission from ZnO nanoparticles synthesized within 5 min of microwave irradiation by using zinc acetylacetonate phenanthroline as the starting precursor material. The emission is strongly dependent on the typical structure of the starting precursor for ZnO synthesis, where one phenanthroline moiety is attached with zinc acetylacetonate hydrate complex. These ZnO nanoparticles could be potentially suitable phosphor for white light generation when excited by a blue laser. In contrast, the ZnO nanoparticles obtained from zinc acetylacetonate by similar method yield weak green emission. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

开采地层中的天然气水合物的数学模型

目前从天然气水合物中开采天然气的方法,主要有热激发法、化学试剂法和减压法.文章通过适当简化,从理论上推导出减压法开采天然气的数值模型和水合物分解前缘边界曲面离井筒距离表达式,并对推导出的偏微分方程经过线性简化和自相似原理,推导出多孔介质水合物地层中压力和温度的分布方程和天然气产量方程.通过实例,研究了多孔介质水合物地层中压力和温度的分布规律,即离井筒越近,压力和温度越小.进行了影响水合物分解前缘边界曲面离井筒距离各影响因素的敏感性分析,得到了减小井筒压力和增大地层温度可以使离井筒越远地方的水合物层分解释放出天然气,天然气的产量随着开采时间的增大而逐渐减小但最终趋于一稳定值的结论。

Submarine landslides : selected studies in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone

Submarine Landslides: An Introduction 1 By RIo Lee, W.C. Schwab, and J.S. Booth U.S. Atlantic Continental Slope Landslides: Their Distribution, General Anributes, and Implications 14 By J.S. Booth, D.W. O'Leary, Peter Popenoe, and W.W. Danforth Submarine Mass Movement, a Formative Process of Passive Continental Margins: The Munson-Nygren Landslide Complex and the Southeast New England Landslide Complex 23 By D.W. O'Leary The Cape Fear Landslide: Slope Failure Associated with Salt Diapirism and Gas Hydrate Decomposition 40 By Peter Popenoe, E.A. Schmuck, and W.P. Dillon Ancient Crustal Fractures Control the Location and Size of Collapsed Blocks at the Blake Escarpment, East of Florida 54 By W.P. Dillon, J.S. Risch, K.M. Scanlon, P.C. Valentine, and Q.J. Huggett Tectonic and Stratigraphic Control on a Giant Submarine Slope Failure: Puerto Rico Insular Slope 60 By W.C. Schwab, W.W. Danforth, and K.M. Scanlon Slope Failure of Carbonate Sediment on the West Florida Slope 69 By D.C. Twichell, P.C. Valentine, and L.M. Parson Slope Failures in an Area of High Sedimentation Rate: Offshore Mississippi River Delta 79 By J.M. Coleman, D.B. Prior, L.E. Garrison, and H.J. Lee Salt Tectonics and Slope Failure in an Area of Salt Domes in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico 92 By B.A. McGregor, R.G. Rothwell, N.H. Kenyon, and D.C. Twichell Slope Stability in Regions 01 Sea-Floor Gas Hydrate: Beaufort Sea Continental Slope 97 By R.E. Kayen and H.J. Lee Mass Movement Related to Large Submarine Canyons Along the Beringian Margin, Alaska 104 By P.R. Carlson, H.A. Karl, B.D. Edwards, J.V. Gardner, and R. Hall Comparison of Tectonic and Stratigraphic Control of Submarine Landslides on the Kodiak Upper Continental Slope, Alaska 117 By M.A. Hampton Submarine Landslides That Had a Significant Impact on Man and His Activities: Seward and Valdez, Alaska 123 By M.A. Hampton, R.W. Lemke, and H.W. Coulter Processes Controlling the Style of Mass Movement in Glaciomarine Sediment: Northeastern Gulf of Alaska 135 By W.C. Schwab and H.J. Lee Contents V VI Contents Liquefaction of Continental Shelf Sediment: The Northern California Earthquake of 1980 143 By M.E. Field A Submarine Landslide Associated with Shallow Sea-Floor Gas and Gas Hydrates off Northern California 151 By M.E. Field and J.H. Barber, Jr. Sur Submarine Landslide, a Deep-Water Sediment Slope Failure 158 By C.E. Gutmacher and W.R. Normark Seismically Induced Mudflow in Santa Barbara Basin, California 167 By B.D. Edwards, H.J. Lee, and M.E. Field Submarine Landslides in a Basin and Ridge Setting, Southern California 176 By M.E. Field and B.D. Edwards Giant Volcano-Related Landslides and the Development of the Hawaiian Islands 184 By W.R. Normark, J.G. Moore, and M.E. Torresan Submarine Slope Failures Initiated by Hurricane Iwa, Kahe Point, Oahu, Hawaii 197 By W.R. Normark, Pat Wilde, J.F. Campbell, T.E. Chase, and Bruce Tsutsui (PDF contains 210 pages)

水合物沉积物力学性质的研究现状

天然气水合物(简称水合物)是一些具有相对较低分子质量的气体如甲烷,二氧化碳、氮气等在一定温度和压力条件下与水形成的内含笼形孔隙的冰状晶体.天然气水合物沉积物(简称水合物沉积物)是指蕴含水合物的砂、黏土以及混和土等土质的沉积物质.主要从现场调查、室内试验和理论模型分析3个方面对甲烷水合物沉积物力学性质的研究现状做了介绍.在现场调查方面着重介绍水合物沉积物原位和调查船上的物性试验,并对原位带孔压测量的圆锥静力触探试验在水合物沉积物力学性质现场调查中的应用前景进行了阐述;在室内试验方面主要介绍了原状和人工合成的水合物沉积物的三轴试验结果,测定弹性参数的声波测试试验结果,天然气和水的含量及沉积物特性对水合物沉积物强度影响的试验结果,以及与水合物开采有关的水合物分解对水合物沉积物强度影响的室内试验和结果:在理论模型方面着重介绍了目前经常采用的几个模型的特点及应用范围.最后提出了今后在水合物沉积物力学性质研究方面应开展的工作重点及发展方向.

水合物沉积物力学性质的实验装置和研究进展

天然气水合物是一种高效、洁净和储量巨大的新型能源,一般蕴含于砂岩、粘土以及其它土质的沉积物中.对水合物沉积物力学性质的实验研究,是水合物地层中基础稳定性分析和水合物开发评价重要的热点课题之一.本文首先介绍了水合物沉积物合成与分解实验、物性参数测量技术以及力学性质实验装置的主要组成部分和特点,然后介绍了目前国内外在水合物沉积物合成和分解及力学性质实验一体化装置和实验研究两个方面所取得的成果,最后指出在实验装置、测试技术和实验研究方面存在的问题以及今后研究的重点和方向.

Avaliação in vitro do efeito da incorporação de clorexidina nas propriedades físicas e na atividade antibacteriana de resinas acrílicas autopolimerizáveis

Objetivo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da incorporação de diacetato de clorexidina (CDA), em diferentes concentrações e tempos de armazenamento, nas propriedades físicas e na atividade antibacteriana de resinas acrílicas, utilizadas na confecção de coroas e pontes provisórias. Métodos. Fase I: Foram confeccionados 150 corpos de prova retangulares (3,0 mm X 10 mm X 64 mm), de acordo com a norma ISO 1567 e 150 corpos de prova quadrados (10 mm X 10 mm X 2,0 mm), utilizando-se duas resinas acrílicas autopolimerizáveis, Duralay (Reliance Dental Mfg. Co.) e Dencor (Clássico). Os corpos de prova foram distribuídos em 30 grupos (n=10/grupo) de acordo com a concentração de CDA incorporada às resinas (p/p) (A) 0%, (B) 1%, (C) 2%, (D) 4%, (E) 5%, em função do tempo de armazenamento em água destilada, a 37C (T0 2h, T1 7 dias, T2 30 dias). Foram realizados os ensaios de microdureza Knoop, em microdurômetro Micromet 5104, Buehler (N), rugosidade superficial (Ra), em rugosímetro digital Mitutoyo Surftest SJ-201 (n=5) e resistência à flexão em três pontos (MPa), em uma máquina de ensaio universal EMIC MF 200 DL (n=5). Fase II: Adicionalmente, a atividade antibacteriana dos materiais sobre Streptococcus mutans foi determinada através da realização de testes de difusão em meio BHI, sendo para isso confeccionados 30 corpos de prova em forma de disco (12 mm X 3,0 mm) com as mesmas 5 concentrações (n=3/grupo). Os resultados foram tabulados e submetidos à análise estatística three-way ANOVA (Fase I) e two-way ANOVA (Fase II). Resultados. ANOVA mostrou que a adição de CDA não provocou alteração significativa na resistência à flexão dos materiais testados. A resistência à flexão é inversamente proporcional ao tempo para a resina Dencor e diretamente proporcional ao tempo para a resina Duralay. Houve aumento da microdureza com o acréscimo de CDA ao material Dencor com relação ao grupo controle, enquanto que no material Duralay a CDA não interferiu significativamente nesta propriedade. A rugosidade superficial aumentou significativamente (p<0,001) com o tempo e com o aumento da concentração de clorexidina na resina Dencor e não provocou alteração significativa em Duralay. Os testes de difusão em ágar demonstraram atividade antimicrobiana significativa (p<0,05) em todos os grupos, quando comparados ao grupo-controle. A inibição ao crescimento de Streptococcus mutans foi maior com o aumento da concentração desta substância. A resina Dencor apresentou maior halo de inibição do que a resina Duralay. Conclusões. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a incorporação de clorexidina aos materiais testados exibiu efeito antibacteriano contra S. mutans, sem contudo afetar de maneira crítica as propriedades físicas avaliadas.

法落海的化学成分及抗HIV活性

下载PDF阅读器利用多种柱层析方法,从法落海(Angelica apaensis)95%乙醇提取物中分离得到8个化合物.经IR、MS、NMR等波谱数据鉴定为氧化前胡素(oxypeucedanin,1)、氧化前胡素水合物(oxypeucedanin hydrate,2)、异欧芹属乙素(isoimperatorin,3)、白当归脑(byakangelicin,4)、白当归素(byakangelicol,5)、3'-O-acetylhamaudol (6)、(+)-9(Z),17-octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,16-triol(7)和9,17-octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,16-triol,1-acetate(8),其中,化合物6-8是首次从该植物中分离得到.我们对所有得到的8个化合物进行抗HIV活性分析,化合物1具有明显的抗HIV活性,其抑制合胞体形成的半数有效浓度(EC50)为1.6 ms/L,治疗指数(TI)为17.59.

Increased gas production from hydrates by combining depressurization with heating of the wellbore

To extract gas from hydrate reservoirs, it has to be dissociated in situ. This endothermic dissociation process absorbs heat energy from the formation and pore fluid. The heat transfer governs the dissociation rate, which is proportional to the difference between the actual temperature and the equilibrium temperature. This study compares three potential gas production schemes from hydrate-bearing soil, where the radial heat transfer is governing. Cylindrical samples with 40% pore-filling hydrate saturation were tested. The production tests were carried out over 90 min by dissociating the hydrate from a centered miniature wellbore, by either lowering the pressure to 6, 4, or 6 MPa with simultaneous heating of the wellbore to 288 K. All tests were replicated by a numerical simulation. With additional heating at the same wellbore pressure, the gas production from hydrates could, on average, be increased by 1.8 and 3.6 times in the simulation and experiments, respectively. If the heat influx from the outer boundary is limited, a simulation showed that the specific heat of the formation is rapidly used up when the wellbore is only depressurized and not heated. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

Thermogravimetric study on the hydration of reactive magnesia and silica mixture at room temperature

The synthesis of magnesium silicate hydrate (MSH), which has wide applications in both construction and environmental fields, has been studied for decades. However, it is known that the characteristics of magnesia (MgO) vary significantly depending on their calcination conditions, which is expected to affect their performance in the MgO-SiO2-H2O system. This paper investigated the effect of different MgO and silica sources on the formation of magnesium silicate hydrate (MSH) at room temperature. The hydration process was studied by mixing commercial reactive MgO and silica powders with water and curing for 1, 7 and 28 days. The hydration products were analysed with the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimatric analysis (TGA). The results showed the continuous consumption of MgO and the existence of MSH and brucite and other minor phases such as magnesite and calcite. It is found that the Mg and Si sources have significant effect on the hydration process of MgO-SiO2-H2O system. The reaction degree is controlled by the availability of dissolved Mg and Si in the solution. The former is determined by the reactivity of MgO and the latter is related to the reactivity of the silica as well as the pH of the system. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Strength and hydration products of reactive MgO-silica pastes

The reaction between MgO and microsilica has been studied by many researchers, who confirmed the formation of magnesium silicate hydrate. The blend was reported to have the potential as a novel material for construction and environment purposes. However, the characteristics of MgO vary significantly, e.g., reactivity and purity, which would have an effect on the hydration process of MgO-silica blend. This paper investigated the strength and hydration products of reactive MgO and silica blend at room temperature up to 90 days. The existence of magnesium silicate hydrate after 7 days' curing was confirmed with the help of infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. The microstructural and elemental analysis of the resulting magnesium silicate hydrate was conducted using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. In addition, the effect of characteristics of MgO on the hydration process was discussed. It was found that the synthesis of magnesium silicate hydrate was highly dependent on the reactivity of the precursors. MgO and silica with higher reactivity resulted in higher formation rate of magnesium silicate hydrate. In addition, the impurity in the MgO affects the pH value of the blends, which in turn determines the solubility of silica and the formation of magnesium silicate hydrate. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

超声波对HCFC-141b水合物形成过程的影响研究

针对水合物形成过程中存在成核诱导期长、过冷度大，形成速度慢的问题，本文以HCFC-141b（1，1-dichloro-1-flooroethane）作为研究工质，将超声波引入水合物形成过程中，研究超声波对水合物形成的影响。建立了包括超声波水合反应系统、数据采集和图像采集系统的可视化低温实验系统。利用这套实验系统，分别实验研究了频率为20kHz和15kHz，功率为0-1000w的超声波对HCFC-141b水合物的形成影响。实验结果表明，超声波对水合物的形成有明显的影响。水合物形成过程主要分为三阶段：冷却期、

水合物及其在多孔介质中导热性能的研究

气体水合物是一种笼形混合物，它是水分子形成的主体框架包裹其他客体分子形成的一种非化学计量的冰状物质。在海底和大陆的永冻区有大量的天然气水合物，由于天然气水合物富含天然气资源（约2x1016时），并且其稳定性关系到全球气候和海洋地质结构的变化，因而受到广泛的关注。所以在考虑对该资源进行热开采和考察地球温压变化对含水合物层的影响时，有必要掌握水合物的热物性和含水合物层的有效导热系数（ETC）。另一方面，水合物虽然具有明确的晶体结构，但研究表明n型水合物具有玻璃体的导热特性，即其具有低导热系数和导热系数随温度变

海底沉积层中水合物成藏过程模拟

水合物成藏是一种动态演变过程，从生成和分解速度相对大小角度提出了天然气水合物的动态成藏理论；分析指出天然气水合物储层状态主要存在三种类型：成长型（包括渗透型与扩散型）、成熟型和消退型，必须结合经济型指标对这三种类型水合物藏进行开采可行性研究。 通过在自制的透明鼓泡反应釜内模拟气体迁移与水合物形成实验，解释了气体迁移对体系内传热与传质、溶解性质、过压等的影响因，进一步指出需要研究新的水合物相图。 从传热角度建立了水合物生长模型，计算并比较了南海北部陆坡琼东南盆地里甲烷水合物在渗漏系统和扩散系统下的生长速度，指出前者比后者快约20-40倍。 建立了水-气（游离气）-水合物-盐反应的多相流模型，演绎了在四个不同时刻随着水合物的形成，溶解度、渗透率、毛细压力、饱和度及盐度等的联动演变关系，并分析和比较了在沉积层水合物稳定区域内不同游离气饱和度和甲烷渗漏通量情况下水合物的形成过程和三种成藏类别。 反演了神狐海域水合物的形成，指出该区很可能是属于发育阶段的成长型渗漏系统水合物储藏，按照甲烷渗漏通量为0.5kg/m2·a计算，该地区已演化了约4800a，还需要约2700ka孔隙中水合物可到最大体积饱和度，达约75%，并在此后游离气将溢出沉积层进入海水中；计算得最终的甲烷水合物储量约为1.47×109m3，即该区最终将储存着约2200亿立方米甲烷气，是现在预测的约13倍！

纳米流体中HFC134a水合物的生成过程

提出制冷剂气体水合物在纳米流体中快速生成的设想，通过HFC134a气体水合物在纳米铜流体（由0．04％的十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）水溶液和名义直径为25nm的纳米铜粒子组成）中的生成实验验证了此设想．实验结果表明，与去离子水中HFC134a气体水合物的生成过程相比，纳米铜流体中SDBS是造成HFC134a气体水合物诱导时问明显缩短的主要原因，而纳米铜粒子对诱导时间的影响不大；纳米铜流体中SDBS的乳化作用和纳米铜粒子大比表面积大大促进了HFC134a在水中的溶解；纳米铜粒子的加入明显加强了HFC134a气体水合物生成过程中的传热传质，随着纳米铜粒子数的增加，HFC134a气体水合物生成过程明显缩短．

用分子动力学模拟水合物储氢

用分子动力学（MD）模拟方法系统研究了结构Ⅰ型（SⅠ）和结构H型（SH）氢气水合物中氢气的占据情况并确定了氢气水合物的稳定结构：SⅠ水合物氢气分子数小胞中为2，大胞中为3；SH水合物氢气分子数小胞中为2，中胞中为2，大胞中为11．分析了稳定情况下水合物各胞腔内氢气分子之间的径向分布函数（RDF），得出了氢气分子在各胞腔内的稳定位置．由稳定位置得到了稳定结构下氢气水合物的储氢质量分数：SⅠ为5．085％，SH为6．467％．与实验对比得出结论：SH水合物稳定结构下的储氢能力最强．