El analfabetismo funcional en América Latina y el Caribe: Panorama y principales desafíos de política

Incluye bibliografía.

Cerrando la brecha: modelo para estimar el costo de erradicar la desnutrición crónica y las deficiencias de micronutrientes

Este estudio, preparado por la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) y el Programa Mundial de Alimentos (PMA), ambos organismos del Sistema de Naciones Unidas, tiene como objetivo estimar el costo relacionado con las acciones más apropiadas para combatir a la desnutrición crónica y las deficiencias de micronutrientes en las poblaciones vulnerables. En el documento se expone la propuesta metodológica para realizar este análisis que puede ser repliicable en distintos países de la región.

A ética na educação: um componente de mudança de conduta

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional en América Latina y el Caribe

El problema de la inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional ha sido un tema de amplio análisis en América Latina y el Caribe. Pero, ha habido avances aún hay un importante camino por recorrer para llegar a su erradicación. Las crisis alimentaria, energética y financiera, junto al cambio climático y sus consecuencias, presentan nuevos desafíos para la región. Ante esto, la Oficina Regional del PMA solicitó a la CEPAL hacer un análisis del escenario actual, cuyo resultado es el presente documento, el que incluye una síntesis resumida del contexto socioeconómico, medioambiental y alimentario regional; los desafíos que supone el actual escenario internacional y regional; el impacto de este escenario en los grupos más vulnerables; y algunas propuestas de enfoques de intervención. A fin de orientar el análisis sobre una base conceptual clara, el documento se inicia con la presentación de los fundamentos sobre los cuales se analiza el problema del hambre y la desnutrición infantil en la región, así como las causas y consecuencias que la literatura especializada destaca. Luego, a través de éstas se analizan los nuevos desafíos y opciones de política.

Histological analysis of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone during dental movement in diabetic rats subjected to low-level laser therapy

Objective: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the histological changes of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone during dental movement in diabetic rats subjected to low level laser therapy (LLLT).Methods: The movement of the upper molar was performed in 60 male Wistar rats divided into four groups (n = 15): CTR (control), DBT (diabetic), CTR/LT (irradiated control) and DBT/LT (irradiated diabetic). Diabetes was induced with alloxan (150 mg/kg, i.p.). LLLT was applied with GaAlAs laser at 780 nm (35 J/cm(2)). After 7, 13 and 19 days, the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone were histologically analyzed.Results: The mean of osteoblasts (p < 0.01) and blood vessels (p < 0.05) were significantly decreased in DBT compared with CTR at 7 days, whereas the mean of osteoclasts was lower at 7 (p < 0.001) and 13 days (p < 0.05). In DBT/LT, only the mean of osteoclasts was lower than in CTR (p < 0.05) at 7 days, but no difference was observed at 13 and 19 days (p > 0.05). The collagenization of the periodontal ligament was impaired in DBT, whereas DBT/LLT showed density/disposition of the collagen fibers similar to those observed in CTR.Conclusions: LLLT improved the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone remodeling activity in diabetic rats during dental movement. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chromatic changes to artificial irises produced using different techniques

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Stress analysis in oral obturator prostheses over parallel and tilted implants: photoelastic imaging

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effect of intrinsic nanoparticle pigmentation on the color stability of denture base acrylic resins

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Bonding of facial silicon with nanoparticles to an acrylic resin substrate

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of Beverages and Mouthwashes on the Hardness of Polymers Used in Intraoral Prostheses

PurposeThe mechanical properties of acrylic resins used in intraoral prostheses may be altered by frequent exposure to liquids such as beverages and mouthwashes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermocycling and liquid immersion on the hardness of four brands of acrylic resins commonly used in removable prostheses (Onda Cryl, QC-20, Classico, Lucitone).Materials and MethodsFor each brand of resin, seven specimens were immersed in each of six solutions (coffee, cola, red wine, Plax-Colgate, Listerine [LI], Oral B), and seven more were placed in artificial saliva (control). The hardness was tested using a microhardness tester before and after 5000 thermocycles and after 1, 3, 24, 48, and 96 hours of immersion. The results were analyzed using three-way repeated-measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05).ResultsThe hardness of the resins decreased following thermocycling and immersion in the solutions. Specimens immersed in cola and wine exhibited significant decreases in hardness after immersion for 96 hours, although the greatest significant decrease in hardness occurred in specimens immersed in LI. However, according to American Dental Association specification 12, the Knoop hardness of acrylic resins for intraoral prostheses should not be below 15. Thus, the median values of superficial hardness observed in most of the acrylic resins in this study are considered clinically acceptable.ConclusionsThe microhardness of polymers used for intraoral prostheses decreases following thermocycling. Among specimens immersed in beverages, those immersed in cola or wine experienced the greatest decrease in microhardness. Immersion of acrylic resins in LI significantly decreased the microhardness in relation to the initial value. Among the resins assessed, QC-20 exhibited the lowest initial hardness.

Stress analysis in oral obturator prostheses, part II: photoelastic imaging

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Influence of nanoparticles on color stability, microhardness, and flexural strength of acrylic resins specific for ocular prosthesis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise de componentes principais para características de crescimento em bovinos de corte

The objetive of this research was to study the relation among body weight and average daily gain in different ages, using principal components analysis. Data on 1663 birth weight (BW), weaning weight adjusted to 230 days (WW), yearling weight adjusted to 365 days (YW), long yearling weight adjusted to 550 days (LYW), average daily gain from birth to weaning (AGW), average daily gain from weaning to 365 days (AGY) and average daily gain from 365 days weight to 550 day weight (AGL) from crossbred animals, and data on 320 observations of the same traits from straightbreed Nellore animals were analysed. The model included the fixed effects of breed (only crossbred data), contemporary group, and linear and quadratic effects of age at calving. For body weight in different ages, the first principal component contrasted heavier and light animals after birth and explained about 79,0% and 78,0% of the variation for data on crossbred and Nellore animals, respectively. The second principal component compared heavier animals at weaning and yearling weight those at long yearling weight. It explained around 13,5% and 15,5% of the total variation, respectively, for data on F1 and Nellore breed. The major source of variation among animals on the two data set for body weight was due to differences in weight followed by differences in the ages they got those weight. For the traits expressed as average daily gain, the variation among animals was due to differences in birth season, the first principal component explaining about 52,0% of the variation on crossbred animals. This component compared animal with higher AGY with those with higher AGW and AGL. For data on Nellore breed, the first component explain about 56,0% of the total variation and also compared animals with higher AGY with those with higher AGW and AGL.

Development and application of a screen-printed electrode modified with MWCNT for the electrocatalytic detection of thiram

Interest in the electronic properties of carbon nanotubes has increased in recent years. These materials can be used in the development of electrochemical sensors for the measurement and monitoring of analytes of environmental interest, such as pharmaceuticals, dyes, and pesticides. This work describes the use of homemade screen-printed electrodes modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) for the electrochemical detection of the fungicide thiram. The electrochemical characteristics of the proposed system were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, with investigation of the electrochemical behavior of the sensor in the presence of the analyte, and estimation of electrochemical parameters including the diffusion coefficient, electron transfer coefficient (α), and number of electrons transferred in the catalytic electro-oxidation. The sensor response was optimized using amperometry. The best sensor performance was obtained in 0.1 mol L-1 phosphate buffer solution at pH 8.0, where a detection limit of 7.9 x 10-6 mol L-1 was achieved. Finally, in order to improve the sensitivity of the sensor, square wave voltammetry (SWV) was used for thiram quantification, instead of amperometry. Using SWV, a response range for thiram from 9.9 x 10-6 to 9.1 x 10-5 mol L-1 was obtained, with a sensitivity of 30948 µA mol L-1, and limits of detection and quantification of 1.6 x 10-6 and 5.4 x 10-6 mol L-1, respectively. The applicability of this efficient new alternative methodology for thiram detection was demonstrated using analyses of enriched soil samples.

Quality of life and satisfaction of patients wearing implant-supported fixed partial denture: a cross-sectional survey of patients from Aracatuba city, Brazil

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life and satisfaction of patients wearing implant-supported fixed partial dentures.Materials &methodsA total of 106 patients were selected and submitted to clinical examination and collection of the demographic data for evaluation of the implant-supported fixed dentures conditions. All participants agreed to answer to the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-EDENT) questionnaire and another questionnaire about satisfaction with the implant-supported prostheses. The patients were classified into the following three groups for statistical analysis: patients wearing splinted implant-supported prosthesis (E), patients wearing single implant-supported prosthesis (U), and patients wearing single implant-supported prosthesis associated with splinted prosthesis (E+U). Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the answers between the groups, and a logistic regression model was measured to verify the relation between variables of the patients and the questionaries'items.ResultsThere were significant differences among groups (P=0.006) for discomfort during surgery itself of the satisfaction questionnaire. The marital status, groups, and hygiene condition were significant mainly for physical pain item.ConclusionsIt was concluded that the patients presented high level of satisfaction and quality of life for the most of the items evaluated as well as the groups showed similar results.