Using multiple landscape genetic approaches to test the validity of genetic clusters in a species characterized by an isolation-by-distance pattern

Bayesian clustering methods are typically used to identify barriers to gene flow, but they are prone to deduce artificial subdivisions in a study population characterized by an isolation-by-distance pattern (IbD). Here we analysed the landscape genetic structure of a population of wild boars (Sus scrofa) from south-western Germany. Two clustering methods inferred the presence of the same genetic discontinuity. However, the population in question was characterized by a strong IbD pattern. While landscape-resistance modelling failed to identify landscape features that influenced wild boar movement, partial Mantel tests and multiple regression of distance matrices (MRDMs) suggested that the empirically inferred clusters were separated by a genuine barrier. When simulating random lines bisecting the study area, 60% of the unique barriers represented, according to partial Mantel tests and MRDMs, significant obstacles to gene flow. By contrast, the random-lines simulation showed that the boundaries of the inferred empirical clusters corresponded to the most important genetic discontinuity in the study area. Given the degree of habitat fragmentation separating the two empirical partitions, it is likely that the clustering programs correctly identified a barrier to gene flow. The differing results between the work published here and other studies suggest that it will be very difficult to draw general conclusions about habitat permeability in wild boar from individual studies.

An ERTS-1 study of coastal features on the North Carolina coast /

"January 1976."

OSL, orbiting solar laboratory : our window on the sun.

Shipping list no.: 91-445-P.

A study of the accurate re-entry and precision landing of an orbital earth satellite.

Mode of access: Internet.

Report of the Conferences on the National Oceanic Satellite System /

"September 1980."

Proceedings.

Mode of access: Internet.

Remote sensing and the private sector : issues for discussion.

Mode of access: Internet.

Geodetic earth orbiting satellite (GEOS-C) Applications technology satellite (ATS-F) tracking experiment

"NASA TM X-63872."

Optimum re-entry into the earth's atmosphere by use of a variable control force.

"Aeronautical Research Laboratory contract no. AF 33(616)-5689. Project 7060."

Use of environmental satellite data for input to energy balance snowmelt models /

Mode of access: Internet.

A study of the effect of man's motion on the attitude and orbital motion of a satellite.

Technical report SEG-TR-65-41

Search and rescue, satellite system.

Mode of access: Internet.

The proceedings of a symposium held by Goddard Space Flight Center at New Carrollton, Maryland on March 5-9, 1973.

Vol. 2, edited by S. C. Freden, E. P. Mercanti, and D. E. Witten, published by Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.; v. 3, edited by S. C. Freden and E. P. Mercanti, also published by Goddard.

A Clementine collection : moonglow.

Mode of access: Internet.

Radiation information from 1958 62,

"Scientific report no. 1. IGY project no. 32. 42. NSF grant no. Y/32:42/268. Principal investigator C.T. Elvey."