Stereophotogrammetry as an anthropometric tool

"Aero Medical Laboratory, Project 7214, Supporting task 71728, Projectg 6333."

Anthropometric source book /

Includes bibliographies and indexes.

Physiological and medical observations among the Indians of southwestern United States and northern Mexico,

Microfilmed for preservation.

Das wachstum des menschen nach alter, geschlecht und rasse,

"Literatur": p. [216]-218.

Body measurements of American boys and girls for garment and pattern construction; a comprehensive report of measuring procedures and statistical analysis of data on 147,000 American children,

Contribution from Bureau of home economics in cooperation with Works progress administration.

Report of papers and discussion at the Cambridge meeting of the British association, 1904, on the alleged physical deterioration of the people and the utility of an anthropometric survey.

Cover title: Physical deterioration. Being the report of papers and discussions ...

The pagan tribes of Borneo; a description of their physical, moral and intellectual condition, with some discussion of their ethnic relations,

Mode of access: Internet.

La constitución histórica del campo de la cultura física y de la educación física. Actores, instituciones, discursos y políticas. Argentina (1901-1938)

El siguiente proyecto de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la constitución del campo de la cultura física y de la educación física en la Argentina durante las primeras cuatro décadas del siglo XX. Centrará su atención en la disputa entre, por lo menos, dos grupos con sus instituciones de formación específicas. El Instituto Nacional Superior de Educación Física (INEF), cuyos orígenes se remontan a 1901 y la Escuela de Gimnasia y Esgrima del Ejército en creada en 1897 (Saraví Riviere, 1998; Bertoni, 1996, 2001; Aisenstein & Scharagrodsky, 2006).Cada una de estas matrices de formación pensó la pedagogía, la didáctica, la metodología y más ampliamente la política, la nación, la patria, los cuerpos o la sexualidad de formas diferentes y con sentidos y significados particulares. El objetivo será explorar las diferencias y similitudes entre ambas instituciones retomando algunos de los tópicos mencionados a partir de los discursos que legitimaron a los mismos, centrando el análisis tanto en el discurso pedagógico moderno como en el discurso médico hegemónico. En especial, analizaremos el discurso médico como legitimador del campo, y en particular, indagaremos las cuatro sub-disciplinas que se constituyeron en la grilla interpretativa por excelencia de los cuerpos en movimiento: la anatomía descriptiva, la fisiología del ejercicio, la ginecología y la antropometría

Prediction of total body water in infants and children

Background: In paediatric clinical practice treatment is often adjusted in relation to body size, for example the calculation of pharmacological and dialysis dosages. In addition to use of body weight, for some purposes total body water (TBW) and surface area are estimated from anthropometry using equations developed several decades previously. Whether such equations remain valid in contemporary populations is not known. Methods: Total body water was measured using deuterium dilution in 672 subjects (265 infants aged < 1 year; 407 children and adolescents aged 1-19 years) during the period 1990-2003. TBW was predicted (a) using published equations, and (b) directly from data on age, sex, weight, and height. Results: Previously published equations, based on data obtained before 1970, significantly overestimated TBW, with average biases ranging from 4% to 11%. For all equations, the overestimation of TBW was greatest in infancy. New equations were generated. The best equation, incorporating log weight, log height, age, and sex, had a standard error of the estimate of 7.8%. Conclusions: Secular trends in the nutritional status of infants and children are altering the relation between age or weight and TBW. Equations developed in previous decades significantly overestimate TBW in all age groups, especially infancy; however, the relation between TBW and weight may continue to change. This scenario is predicted to apply more generally to many aspects of paediatric clinical practice in which dosages are calculated on the basis of anthropometric data collected in previous decades.

Impact of ethnicity upon body composition assessment in Sri Lankan Australian children

Objectives: Obesity is a disease with excess body fat where health is adversely affected. Therefore it is prudent to make the diagnosis of obesity based on the measure of percentage body fat. Body composition of a group of Australian children of Sri Lankan origin were studied to evaluate the applicability of some bedside techniques in the measurement of percentage body fat. Methods: Height (H) and weight (W) was measured and BMI (W/H-2) calculated. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was measured using tetra polar technique with an 800 mu A current of 50 Hz frequency. Total body water was used as a reference method and was determined by deuterium dilution and fat free mass and hence fat mass (FM) derived using age and gender specific constants. Percentage FM was estimated using four predictive equations, which used BIA and anthropometric measurements. Results: Twenty-seven boys and 15 girls were studied with mean ages being 9.1 years and 9.6 years, respectively. Girls had a significantly higher FM compared to boys. The mean percentage FM of boys (22.9 +/- 8.7%) was higher than the limit for obesity and for girls (29.0 +/- 6.0%) it was just below the cut-off. BMI was comparatively low. All but BIA equation in boys under estimated the percentage FM. The impedance index and weight showed a strong association with total body water (r(2)= 0.96, P < 0.001). Except for BIA in boys all other techniques under diagnosed obesity. Conclusions: Sri Lankan Australian children appear to have a high percentage of fat with a low BMI and some of the available indirect techniques are not helpful in the assessment of body composition. Therefore ethnic and/or population specific predictive equations have to be developed for the assessment of body composition, especially in a multicultural society using indirect methods such as BIA or anthropometry.

Season of birth is associated with anthropometric and neurocognitive outcomes during infancy and childhood in a general population birth cohort

The 'season of birth' effect is one of the most consistently replicated associations in schizophrenia epidemiology. In contrast, the association between season of birth and development in the general Population is relatively poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of season of birth on various anthropometric and neurocognitive variables from birth to age seven in a large, community-based birth cohort. A sample of white singleton infants born after 37 weeks gestation (n =22,123) was drawn from the US Collaborative Perinatal Project. Anthropometric variables (weight, head circumference, length/height) and various measures of neurocognitive development, were assessed at birth, 8 months, 4 and 7 years of age. Compared to surnmer/autumn born infants, winter/spring born infants were significantly longer at birth, and at age seven were significantly heavier, taller and had larger head circumference. Winter/spring born infants were achieving significantly higher scores on the Bayley Motor Score at 8 months, the Graham-Ernhart Block Test at age 4, the Wechsler Intelligence Performance and Full Scale scores at age 7, but had significantly lower scores on the Bender-Gestalt Test at age 7 years. Winter/spring birth, while associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia, is generally associated with superior outcomes with respect to physical and cognitive development. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Estudo comparativo da determinação do tipo facial por meio de análise cefalométrica e pelo índice morfológico da face

A determinação do tipo facial é importante para o diagnóstico e planejamento ortodôntico, tendo em vista que na atualidade vários protocolos de tratamento utilizam este método para individualizar a terapêutica nos pacientes. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em verificar a correlação existente entre o Índice Morfológico da Face e o Vert de Ricketts, entre o Índice Morfológico da Face e o Quociente de Jarabak; também entre o Vert de Ricketts e o Quociente de Jarabak. Outro objetivo foi verificar se há correlação entre o Índice Morfológico da Face, Vert de Ricketts e o Quociente de Jarabak com as grandezas cefalométricas: FMA, Eixo Facial, Sn.GoGn, Sn.Gn e Ar.GoMe. A amostra foi constituída de telerradiografias em norma lateral e de mensurações antopométricas da face de 60 voluntários, sendo 30 do sexo feminino e 30 do sexo masculino. Entre os resultados obtidos observamos correlação entre o Índice Morfológico da Face e o VERT de Ricketts (r = -0,42) e entre o Índice Morfológico da Face e o Quociente de Jarabak (r = -0,32), considerado em ambos os casos como uma fraca correlação negativa. Já na correlação entre o VERT de Ricketts e o Quociente de Jarabak o valor obtido foi de r = 0,61, sendo considerada como uma correlação positiva moderada. Houve uma moderada correlação entre os métodos para determinação dos tipos faciais Índice Morfológico da Face e Quociente de Jarabak com as variáveis cefalométricas. Já para a correlação entre as variáveis cefalométricas e o método para determinação do tipo facial Vert de Ricketts, houve uma forte correlação. Com base nos resultados obtidos concluímos que houve uma concordância fraca entre os métodos Índice Morfológico da Face, Vert de Ricketts e Quociente de Jarabak; e sugerimos que outros estudos devem ser realizados a fim de corroborar com este trabalho para comprovar a aplicabilidade do Índice Antropométrico para a determinação do tipo facial (AU)

Associação do sobrepeso, obesidade I e II e circunferência da cintura com sintomas de ansiedade e depressão

Este estudo objetivou associar o sobrepeso, obesidade I e II e Circunferência da Cintura (CC) com sintomas de ansiedade e depressão em adultos que buscavam primeiro atendimento médico nutricional para emagrecimento em consultório do município de Santos São Paulo - Brasil, mesmo os que já haviam tentado emagrecer anteriormente. Para coletar dados, foi utilizada uma ficha para caracterização do participante, Inventário IDATE para ansiedade traço estado, Inventário de Beck (BDI) para depressão, balança antropométrica para aferição do peso, altura e cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), fita métrica inelástica para aferir CC. Os dados dos 81 participantes demonstraram que 38% eram jovens, 36% casados, 63% possuíam nível superior completo, 45% alta renda familiar. Estavam em sobrepeso 56% e obesidade I 28%, e 64% apresentavam 77 a 100 cm de CC. A análise simples da distribuição dos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão na elevação do IMC e da CC demonstra que, conforme estes aumentam, a ansiedade e depressão diminuem. Houve alta ocorrência de sintomas de ansiedade traço (75%) estado (70%) de intensidade média baixa e de depressão mínima (64%) que decaem de freqüência conforme eleva o IMC e a CC, bem como redução de freqüência às consultas conforme eleva o IMC. Não houve casos de depressão grave. A análise estatística de Pearson não encontrou correlação entre IMC e CC com sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, o mesmo ocorrendo com o teste para associação Qui-quadrado. Os resultados sugerem ocorrer uma acomodação emocional do indivíduo às pressões causadas pela elevação do peso corporal e os participantes apresentavam-se, em sua maioria, hiporreativos, indiferentes ou insensíveis aos acontecimentos, com desinteresse geral ou falta de desejos aparentando resistência ao tratamento e apatia.

Premature cardiovascular events and mortality in south Asians with type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom Asian Diabetes Study - effect of ethnicity on risk

Background/Aim - People of south Asian origin have an excessive risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. We examined the effect of ethnicity on known risk factors and analysed the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in UK south Asian and white Europeans patients with type 2 diabetes over a 2 year period. Methods - A total of 1486 south Asian (SA) and 492 white European (WE) subjects with type 2 diabetes were recruited from 25 general practices in Coventry and Birmingham, UK. Baseline data included clinical history, anthropometry and measurements of traditional risk factors – blood pressure, total cholesterol, HbA1c. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine ethnicity differences in individual risk factors. Ten-year cardiovascular risk was estimated using the Framingham and UKPDS equations. All subjects were followed up for 2 years. Cardiovascular events (CVD) and mortality between the two groups were compared. Findings - Significant differences were noted in risk profiles between both groups. After adjustment for clustering and confounding a significant ethnicity effect remained only for higher HbA1c (0.50 [0.22 to 0.77]; P?=?0.0004) and lower HDL (-0.09 [-0.17 to -0.01]; P?=?0.0266). Baseline CVD history was predictive of CVD events during follow-up for SA (P?

Nutritional status of lactating mothers and their children 6-23 months of age in pre- and post-harvest seasons in two agro-ecological zones of rural Ethiopia

The objective of this study was to assess seasonal variation in nutritional status and feeding practices among lactating mothers and their children 6-23 months of age in two different agro-ecological zones of rural Ethiopia (lowland zone and midland zone). Food availability and access are strongly affected by seasonality in Ethiopia. However, there are few published data on the effects of seasonal food fluctuations on nutritional status and dietary diversity patterns of mothers and children in rural Ethiopia. A longitudinal study was conducted among 216 mothers in two agro-ecological zones of rural Ethiopia during pre and post-harvest seasons. Data were collected on many parameters including anthropometry, blood levels of haemoglobin and ferritin and zinc, urinary iodine levels, questionnaire data regarding demographic and household parameters and health issues, and infant and young child feeding practices, 24 h food recall to determine dietary diversity scores, and household use of iodized salt. Chi-square and multivariable regression models were used to identify independent predictors of nutritional status. A wide variety of results were generated including the following highlights. It was found that 95.4% of children were breastfed, of whom 59.7% were initially breastfed within one hour of birth, 22.2% received pre-lacteal feeds, and 50.9% of children received complementary feedings by 6 months of age. Iron deficiency was found in 44.4% of children and 19.8% of mothers. Low Zinc status was found in 72.2% of children and 67.3% of mothers. Of the study subjects, 52.5% of the children and 19.1% of the mothers were anaemic, and 29.6% of children and 10.5% of mothers had iron deficiency anaemia. Among the mothers with low serum iron status, 81.2% and 56.2% of their children had low serum zinc and iron, respectively. Similarly, among the low serum zinc status mothers, 75.2% and 45.3% of their children had low serum in zinc and iron, respectively. There was a strong correlation between the micronutrient status of the mothers and the children for ferritin, zinc and haemoglobin (P <0.001). There was also statistically significant difference between agro-ecological zones for micronutrient deficiencies among the mothers (p<0.001) but not for their children. The majority (97.6%) of mothers in the lowland zone were deficient in at least one micronutrient biomarker (zinc or ferritin or haemoglobin). Deficiencies in one, two, or all three biomarkers of micronutrient status were observed in 48.1%, 16.7% and 9.9% of mothers and 35.8%, 29.0%, and 23.5%, of children, respectively. Additionally, about 42.6% of mothers had low levels of urinary iodine and 35.2% of lactating mothers had goitre. Total goitre prevalence rates and urinary iodine levels of lactating mothers were not significantly different across agro-ecological zones. Adequately iodised salt was available in 36.6% of households. The prevalence of anaemia increased from post-harvest (21.8%) to pre-harvest seasons (40.9%) among lactating mothers. Increases were from 8.6% to 34.4% in midland and from 34.2% to 46.3% in lowland agro-ecological zones. Fifteen percent of mothers were anaemic during both seasons. Predictors of anaemia were high parity of mother and low dietary diversity. The proportion of stunted and underweight children increased from 39.8% and 27% in post-harvest season to 46.0% and 31.8% in pre-harvest season, respectively. However, wasting in children decreased from 11.6% to 8.5%. Major variations in stunting and underweight were noted in midland compared to lowland agroecological zones. Anthropometric measurements in mothers indicated high levels of undernutrition. The prevalence of undernutrition in mothers (BMI <18.5kg/m2) increased from 41.7 to 54.7% between post- and pre-harvest seasons. The seasonal effect was generally higher in the midland community for all forms of malnutrition. Parity, number of children under five years and regional variation were predictors of low BMI among lactating mothers. There were differences in minimum meal frequency, minimum acceptable diet and dietary diversity in children in pre-harvest and post-harvest seasons and these parameters were poor in both seasons. Dietary diversity among mothers was higher in lowland zone but was poor in both zones across the seasons. In conclusion, malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies are very prevalent among lactating mothers and their children 6-23 months old in the study areas. There are significant seasonal variations in malnutrition and dietary diversity, in addition to significant differences between lowland and midland agro-ecological zones. These findings suggest a need to design effective preventive public health nutrition programs to address both the mothers’ and children’s needs particularly in the preharvest season.