Differential effects of anti-hypertensive treatment on the retinal microcirculation: an Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial (ASCOT) sub- study

Changes in the retinal microcirculation are associated with hypertension and predict cardiovascular mortality. There are few data describing the impact of antihypertensive therapy on retinal vascular changes. This substudy of the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial compared the effects of an amlodipine-based regimen (373 patients) with an atenolol-based regimen (347 patients) on retinal microvascular measurements made from fundus photographs. The retinal photographs were taken at a stage in the trial when treatments were stable and blood pressure was well controlled. Amlodipine-based treatment was associated with a smaller arteriolar length:diameter ratio than atenolol-based treatment (13.32 [10.75 to 16.04] versus 14.12 [11.27 to 17.81], median [interquartile range]; P<0.01). The association remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, body mass index, smoking, and statin treatment. This effect appeared to be largely attributable to shorter retinal arteriolar segment lengths in the amlodipine-treated group and is best explained by the vasodilator effects of amlodipine causing the visible emergence of branching side vessels. Photographic assessment of the retinal vascular network may be a useful approach to evaluating microvascular structural responses in clinical trials of antihypertensive therapy.

The Israelites found in the Anglo-Saxons : the ten tribes supposed to have been lost traced ... to their occupation of the isles of the sea ...

by William Carpenter

Le péril juif : le régne d'Israel chez les Anglo-Saxons

par Roger Lambelin

Studies in Anglo-Jewish History

H. P. Stokes

Bibliotheca Anglo-Judaica : a bibliographical guide to Anglo-Jewish history

comp. by Joseph Jacobs and Lucien Wolf

Plan of a dictionary of Anglo-Jewish biography : [English, American, and colonial]

by Lucien Wolf

Anglo-Jewish coats of arms

by Lucien Wolf

Anglo-Jewish memories and other sermons

by Hermann Adler