Livret officiel de la Fête des vignerons se célébrant à Vevey les 4,5,7,8,10 et 11 août 1905.

Mode of access: Internet.

Fragm. lat. V 100 - Kommentar zu den Sentenzen des Petrus Lombardus (L. II Dist. 7 - 8)

Trägerband: Inc. qu. 1009; Vorbesitzer: Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main

Fragm. lat. III 40 - Digesta (D.7.7.6 - 7.8.12), mit Glosse

Trägerband: 15/69; Vorbesitzer: Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main

Mutational analysis of the large periplasmic loop 7-8 of the putrescine transporter PotE in Escherichia coli

The PotE protein is a putrescine-ornithine antiporter found in many gram-negative bacteria. It is a member of the APA family of transporters and has 12 predicted alpha-helical transmembrane spanning segments (TMS). While the substrate binding site has previously been mapped to a region near the surface of the cytoplasmic lipid layer, no structural feature within the periplasmic domains of PotE have been shown to be important for function. We examined the role of the only large outer loop, situated between transmembrane spanning segment 7 and 8, in putrescine uptake. Deletion of the highly conserved amino acids in the region closest to transmembrane spanning segment 7 produced a protein with little activity. Glycine-scanning mutagenesis of this region showed that Val(249) and Leu(254) were required for optimal transporter function. The V249G mutant transported putrescine at a lower maximal rate compared to wild-type (WT) but with the same substrate binding affinity. In contrast, the L254G mutant had a higher substrate affinity. A series of Val(249) mutants indicated that the hydrophobicity of this residue, which is located at or near the membrane surface, is important for PotE function. Secondary structure predictions of the large outer loop indicated the presence of a hydrophobic alpha-helix in the centre with a hydrophobic region at each end suggesting that the loop was not entirely exposed to the aqueous periplasmic space. The study shows that loop 7-8 is important for PotE function, possibly by forming a re-entrant loop in the channel of the transporter. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Development of a quality control material for the measurement of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, an in vivo marker of oxidative stress, and comparison of results from different laboratories

The measurement of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine is an increasingly popular marker of in vivo oxidative damage to DNA. A random-sequence 21-mer oligonucleotide 5'-TCA GXC GTA CGT GAT CTC AGT-3' in which X was 8-oxo-guanine (8-oxo-G) was purified and accurate determination of the oxidised base was confirmed by a 32P-end labelling strategy. The lyophilised material was analysed for its absolute content of 8-oxo-dG by several major laboratories in Europe and one in Japan. Most laboratories using HPLC-ECD underestimated, while GC-MS-SIM overestimated the level of the lesion. HPLC-ECD measured the target value with greatest accuracy. The results also suggest that none of the procedures can accurately quantitate levels of 1 in 10(6) 8-oxo-(d)G in DNA.

The nitric oxide-donating pravastatin derivative, NCX 6550 [(1S-[1α(βS*, δS*), 2α, 6α, 8β-(R*), 8aα]]-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-β, δ, 6-trihydroxy-2-methyl-8-(2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)-1-naphtalene-heptanoic acid 4-(nitrooxy)butyl ester)], reduces splenocyte adhesion and reactive oxygen species generation in normal and atherosclerotic mice

Statins possess anti-inflammatory effects that may contribute to their ability to slow atherogenesis, whereas nitric oxide (NO) also influences inflammatory cell adhesion. This study aimed to determine whether a novel NO-donating pravastatin derivative, NCX 6550 [(1S-[1∝(ßS*,dS*),2∝,6a∝,8ß-(R*),8a∝]]-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-ß,δ,6-trihydroxy-2-methyl-8-(2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)-1-naphthalene-heptanoic acid 4-(nitrooxy)butyl ester)], has greater anti-inflammatory properties compared with pravastatin in normal and atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E receptor knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. C57BL/6 and ApoE-/- mice were administered pravastatin (40 mg/kg), NCX 6550 (48.5 mg/kg), or vehicle orally for 5 days. Ex vivo studies assessed splenocyte adhesion to arterial segments and splenocyte reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. NCX 6550 significantly reduced splenocyte adhesion to artery segments in both C57BL/6 (8.8 ± 1.9% versus 16.6 ± 6.7% adhesion; P < 0.05) and ApoE-/- mice (9.3 ± 2.9% versus 23.4 ± 4.6% adhesion; P < 0.05) concomitant with an inhibition of endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. NCX 6550 also significantly reduced phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced ROS production that was enhanced in isolated ApoE-/- splenocytes. Conversely, pravastatin had no significant effects on adhesion in normal or ApoE-/- mice but reduced the enhanced ROS production from ApoE-/- splenocytes. In separate groups of ApoE-/- mice, NCX 6550 significantly enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxation to carbachol in aortic segments precon-tracted with phenylephrine (-logEC50, 6.37 ± 0.37) compared with both vehicle-treated (-logEC50, 5.81 ± 0.15; P < 0.001) and pravastatin-treated (-logEC50, 5.57 ± 0.45; P < 0.05) mice. NCX 6550 also significantly reduced plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels (648.8 pg/ml) compared with both vehicle (1191.1 pg/ml; P < 0.001) and pravastatin (847 ± 71.0 pg/ml; P < 0.05) treatment. These data show that NCX 6550 exerts superior anti-inflammatory actions compared with pravastatin, possibly through NO-related mechanisms.

Oxygen, pH and calcium dynamics and fluxes at the thallus surface under ambient (8.1) and low (7.8) seawater pH and across a range of irradiances

Presently, an incomplete mechanistic understanding of tropical reef macroalgae photosynthesis and calcification restricts predictions of how these important autotrophs will respond to global change. Therefore, we investigated the mechanistic link between inorganic carbon uptake pathways, photosynthesis and calcification in a tropical crustose coralline alga (CCA) using microsensors. We measured pH, oxygen (O2), and calcium (Ca2+) dynamics and fluxes at the thallus surface under ambient (8.1) and low (7.8) seawater pH (pHSW) and across a range of irradiances. Acetazolamide (AZ) was used to inhibit extracellular carbonic anhydrase (CAext), which mediates hydrolysis of HCO3-, and 4,4' diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonate (DIDS) that blocks direct HCO3- uptake by anion exchange transport. Both inhibited photosynthesis, suggesting both diffusive uptake of CO2 via HCO3- hydrolysis to CO2 and direct HCO3- ion transport are important in this CCA. Surface pH was raised approximately 0.3 units at saturating irradiance, but less when CAext was inhibited. Surface pH was lower at pHSW 7.8 than pHSW 8.1 in the dark, but not in the light. The Ca2+ fluxes were large, complex and temporally variable, but revealed net Ca2+ uptake under all conditions. The temporal variability in Ca2+ dynamics was potentially related to localized dissolution during epithallial cell sloughing, a strategy of CCA to remove epiphytes. Simultaneous Ca2+ and pH dynamics suggest the presence of Ca2+/H+ exchange. Rapid light-induced H+ surface dynamics that continued after inhibition of photosynthesis revealed the presence of a light-mediated, but photosynthesis-independent, proton pump. Thus, the study indicates metabolic control of surface pH can occur in CCA through photosynthesis and light-inducible H+ pumps. Our results suggest that complex light-induced ion pumps play an important role in biological processes related to inorganic carbon uptake and calcification in CCA.

Analisi modellistica di un intenso ciclone di tipo tropicale nel Mediterraneo (7-8 novembre 2014): predicibilità, caratteristiche termodinamiche e confronto con osservazioni da satellite

Il lavoro di tesi riguarda lo studio dettagliato di un ciclone di tipo tropicale (tropical like cyclone, TLC) verificatosi nel Canale di Sicilia nel novembre 2014, realizzato attraverso un'analisi modellistica effettuata con i modelli BOLAM e MOLOCH (sviluppati presso il CNR-ISAC di Bologna) e il confronto con osservazioni. Nel primo capitolo è fornita una descrizione generale dei cicloni tropicali e dei TLC, indicando come la formazione di questi ultimi sia spesso il risultato dell'evoluzione di cicloni extratropicali baroclini nel Mediterraneo; sono identificate le aree geografiche con i periodi dell'anno maggiormente soggetti all'influenza di questi fenomeni, riportando un elenco dei principali TLC verificatisi nel Mediterraneo negli utlimi tre decenni e lo stato dell'arte sullo studio di questi eventi. Nel secondo capitolo sono descritte le modalità di implementazione delle simulazioni effettuate per il caso di studio e presentati i principali prodotti dell'analisi modellistica e osservazioni da satellite. Il terzo capitolo si apre con la descrizione della situazione sinottica e l'analisi osservativa con immagini Meteosat e rilevazioni radar che hanno permesso di ricostruire la traiettoria osservata del TLC. In seguito, viene dapprima fornito l'elenco completo delle simulazioni numeriche, quindi sono presentati alcuni dei più importanti risultati ottenuti, dai quali emerge che la previsione della traiettoria e intensità del TLC differisce notevolmente dalle osservazioni. Tenendo conto della bassa predicibilità che ha caratterizzato l'evento, nel quarto capitolo è descritto il metodo usato per ricostruire in maniera ottimale la traiettoria, utilizzando spezzoni da varie simulazioni, che ha permesso un confronto più realistico con i dati osservati e un'analisi dei processi fisici. Nel quinto capitolo sono riportati i principali risultati di alcuni test mirati a valutare l'impatto di aspetti legati all'implementazione delle simulazioni e ad altre forzanti fisiche.

Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in the developing male Wistar(Han) rat I: no decrease in epididymal sperm count after a single acute dose

It has been reported that fetal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) causes defects in the male reproductive system of the rat. We set out to replicate and extend these effects using a robust experimental design. Groups of 75 (control vehicle) or 55 (50, 200 or 1000 ng of TCDD kg-1 bodyweight) female Wistar(Han) rats were exposed to TCDD on Gestational Day (GD) 15, then allowed to litter. The high dose group dams showed no sustained weight loss compared to control, but four animals had total litter loss. Pups in the high dose group showed reduced body weight up till day 21, and pups in the medium dose group showed reduced body weight in the first week post partum. Balano-preputial separation (BPS) was significantly delayed in the high dose group male offspring. There were no significant effects of treatment when the offspring were subjected to a functional observational battery, or mated with females to assess reproductive capability. 25 males per group were killed on post natal day (PND) 70, and ~60 animals per group (~30 for the high dose group) on PND120 to assess seminology and other endpoints. At PND120, the two highest dose groups showed a statistically significant elevation of sperm counts, compared to control; however, this effect was small (~30%), within the normal range of sperm counts for this strain of rat, was not reflected in testicular spermatid counts nor PND70 data, and is therefore postulated to have no biological significance. Although there was an increase in the proportion of abnormal sperm at PND70, seminology parameters were otherwise unremarkable. Testis weights in the high dose group were slightly decreased at PND 70 and 120, and at PND120, brain weights were decreased in the high dose group, liver to body weight ratios were increased for all three dose groups, with an increase in inflammatory cell foci in the epididymis in the high dose group. These data show that TCDD is a potent developmental toxin after exposure of the developing fetus, but that acute developmental exposure to TCDD on GD15 caused no decrease in sperm counts.

Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in the developing male Wistar(Han) rat II: chronic dosing causes developmental delay

We have investigated whether fetal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) causes defects in the male reproductive system of the rat, using chronically exposed rats to ensure continuous exposure of the fetus. 5-6 week old rats were exposed to control diet, or diet containing TCDD, to attain an average dose of 2.4, 8 and 46 ng TCDD kg-1 day-1 for twelve weeks, whereupon the rats were mated, and allowed to litter; rats were switched to control diet after parturition. Male offspring were allowed to develop until kills on PND70 (25 per group), or PND120 (all remaining animals). Offspring from the high dose group showed an increase in total litter loss, and the number of animals alive on post-natal day (PND) 4 in the high dose group was ~26% less than control. The high and medium dose offspring showed decreased weights at various ages. Balano-preputial separation was significantly delayed in all three dose groups, compared to control. There were no significant effects of maternal treatment when the offspring were subjected to a functional observational battery, or learning tests, with the exception that the high dose group showed a deficit in motor activity. 20 rats per group were mated to females, and there were no significant effects of maternal treatment on the fertility of these rats, nor on the F1 or F2 sex ratio. Sperm parameters at PND70 and 120 showed no significant effect of maternal treatment, with the exception that there was an increase in the proportion of abnormal sperm in the high dose group at PND70; this is associated with the developmental delay in puberty in this dose group. There were no remarkable findings of maternal treatment on organ weights, with the exception that testis weights were reduced by ~10% at PND70 (but not PND120), and although the experiment was sufficiently powered to detect small changes, ventral prostate weight was not reduced. There were no significant effects of maternal treatment upon histopathological comparison of high dose and control group organs. These data confirm that developmental exposure to TCDD shows no potent effect on adult sperm parameters or accessory sexual organs, but show that delay in BPS occurs after exposure to low doses of TCDD, and this is dependent upon whether TCDD is administered acutely or chronically.

Relationships between tissue levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), mRNAs and toxicity in the developing male Wistar(Han) rat

We compared the effects of a single acute dose, or chronic fetal exposure, to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the male reproductive system of the Wistar(Han) rat. Tissue samples were taken from dams on GD16 and GD21, and from offspring on PND70 and 120. Steady state concentration of TCDD was demonstrated in the chronic study: body burdens were comparable in both studies. Fetal TCDD concentrations were comparable after acute and chronic exposure, and demonstrate more potent toxicity after chronic versus acute dosing. In maternal liver, cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A1 and CYP1A2 RNA were induced. In fetus, there was induction of both CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 RNA at medium and high doses, but inadequate evidence for induction at low dose in either study. The low level induction of CYP1A1 RNA at low dose in fetus argues against AhR activation in fetus as a mechanism of toxicity of TCDD in causing delay in balanopreputial separation, and the greater induction of CYP1A1 RNA in PND70 offspring liver suggests that lactational transfer of TCDD is crucial to this toxicity. These data characterise the maternal and fetal disposition of TCDD, induction of CYP1A1 RNA as a measure of AhR activation, and suggest that lactational transfer of TCDD determines the difference in delay in balanopreputial separation between the two studies.

¿Y qué misterio tendrá el número siete ? hoy a las 12:34: 56 del 7/8/90, la secuencia perfecta : cábalas para el presidente Gaviria

Fondo Margaritainés Restrepo