Sb-Mo复合氧化物单一相催化剂上的醇类氧化酯化

制备了三种单一相Sb-Mo-O系复合氧化物催化剂并用于C_1—C_4的醇类氧化反应,在反应条件下均可保持其晶体结构与酯化活性的稳定性。对氧化酯化来说,唯有以乙醇为原料时才可以高收率地获得酯类,其活性顺序为Y相>X相>Z相。异丙醇和异丁醇在同一催化剂上的反应结果,因反应温度高低而异,低温时发生脱氢反应,高温时发生脱水反应。利用体相晶格氧,乙醇氧化生成乙醛;而进一步氧化酯化生成乙酸乙酯则是利用气相氧。

乙丙共聚物及其共混物晶型探讨

用广角X-射线衍射(WAXD)和偏光显微镜(PLM)方法,研究了具有乙丙长序列乙丙共聚物及其共混物,发现通过熔融慢冷结晶样品,C_3含量在30mol％以上,衍射角2θ=20°处出现了属于γ-PP晶型的(140),(130)晶面衍射。含有乙丙长序列链结构的乙丙共聚物及共混物属(α+γ)混晶结构;含乙丙长序列的EPR以γ-相为主,嵌段物和共混物则以α-PP为主,形成γ-PP结构的必要条件是含有乙丙长序列链结构样品熔融慢冷结晶。

立规聚甲基丙烯酸热表征研究

本文对不同立构的聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA)进行了热表征。实验结果表明,在30℃～200℃内未出现玻璃化转变。间同PMAA分别在-245℃和-280℃发生脱水反应和脱羧,而全同PMAA只在-185℃观察到脱水反应。这种热稳定性的明显差别与不同立构PMAA链上相邻羧酸距离有关。实验数据证实PMAA脱水反应为无规反应,服从一级动力学反应方程。脱水温度和间同立构含量成正比,脱水反应活化能间同PMAA比全同PMAA高～7Kcal/mol。

Sea surface temperature reconstruction for the middle Okinawa Trough during the last glacial-interglacial cycle using C-37 unsaturated alkenones

C-37 unsaturated alkenones were analyzed on a core retrieved from the middle Okinawa Trough. The calculated U-37(K') displays a trend generally parallel with those of the oxygen isotopic compositions of two planktonic foraminiferal species, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei and Globigerinoides sacculifer, suggesting that in this region, SST has varied in phase with global ice volume change since the last glacial -interglacial cycle. The U-37(K')-derived SST ranged from ca. 24.0 to 27.5 degrees C, with the highest value 27.5 degrees C occurring in marine isotope stage 5 and the lowest similar to 24.0 degrees C in marine isotope stage 2. This trend is consistent with the continental records from the East Asian monsoon domain and the marine records from the Equatorial Pacific. The deglacial increase of the U-37(K')-derived SST is similar to 2.4 degrees C from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

LABORATORY HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN CRASSOSTREA ARIAKENSIS AND C. SIKAMEA

TO understand possible reproductive interaction between Crassostrea ariakensis (Fujita, 1913) and C. sikamea (Amemiya, 1928), which coexist ill estuaries of China and Japan, we conducted 2 X 2 factorial crosses between the two species. Asymmetry in fertilization success was observed where C. sikamea eggs can be fertilized be C. ariakensis the receprocal cross resulted in no fertilization. Fertilization Success ill C.sikamea female X C. ariakemvis male (SA) crosses was lower than that in the two intraspecific crosses and produced larvae that had similar growth the rate as their maternal species during the first nine days because of maternal effects. After that, genome incompatibility casted negative effects on the growth and survival of the hybrid larvae. Most hybrid larvae died during metamorphosis. but a small number of spat survived. Genetic analysis revealed that the survived SA spat contained DNA from both species and were the hybried. This study demonstrates that hybridization between C. ariakensis and C. sikamea is possible in one direction.

Numerical study on the velocity structure around tidal fronts in the Yellow Sea

The velocity components across tidal fronts are examined using the Blumberg and Mellor 3-D nonlinear numerical coastal circulation model incorporated with the Mellor and Yamada level 2.5 turbulent closure model based on the reasonable model output of the M-2 tide and density residual currents. In the numerical experiments, upwelling motion appears around all the fronts with different velocity structures, accounting for surface cold water around the fronts. The experiments also suggest that the location and formation of fronts are closely related to topography and tidal mixing, as is the velocity structure around the front.

In vitro antioxidant activities of acetylated, phosphorylated and benzoylated derivatives of porphyran extracted from Porphyra haitanensis

Porphyran extracted from red algae Porphyra haitanensis is a sulfated polysaccharide, which possesses excellent antioxidant activities. In this study, we prepared the acetylated, phosphorylated and benzoylated derivatives of porphyran. And then the antioxidant activities of all the samples were investigated including scavenging effects of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and reducing power. The results of chemical analysis and FT-IR spectrum showed the modifications of porphyran were successful. And in addition, we found that certain derivative exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than raw material. And the mechanism of the structure-function relationship of these derivatives needs to be attended to. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Low-temperature molten salt synthesis and characterization of CoWO4 nano-particles

CoWO4 nano-particles were successfully synthesized at a low temperature of 270 degrees C by a molten salt method, and effects of such processing parameters as holding time and salt quantity on the crystallization and development Of CoWO4 crystallites were initially studied. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). and photoluminescent spectra techniques (PL), respectively. Experimental results showed that the well-crystallized CoWO4 nano-particles with ca. 45 nm in diameter could be obtained at 270 degrees C for a holding time of 8 h with 6:1 mass ratio of the salt to CoWO4 precursor, and XRD analysis evidenced that the as-prepared sample was a pure monoclinic phase Of CoWO4 with wolframite structure. Their PL spectra revealed that the CoWO4 nano-particles displayed a very strong PL peak at 453 nm with the excitation wavelength of 230 nm, and PL properties of CoWO4 crystallites relied on their crystalline state, especially on their particle size. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

青藏高原高寒湿地生态系统CO_2通量

依据涡度相关系统连续观测的2005年CO_2通量数据,对青藏高原东北隅的高寒湿地生态系统源/汇功能及其部分环境影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,高寒湿地生态系统为明显的碳源,在植物生长季（5-9月份）吸收230.16 gCO_2•m~(-2),非生长季（1-4月份及10-12月份）释放546.18 gCO_2•m~(-2),其中净排放最高在5月份,为181.49 gCO_2•m~(-2),净吸收最高在8月份,为189.69 g CO_2•m~(-2),年释放量为316.02 gCO_2•m~(-2)。在平均日变化中,最大吸收值出现在7月份12：00,为（0.45±0.0012）mgCO_2•m~(-2)•s~(-1),最大排放速率出现在8月份0：00,为（0.22±0.0090）mgCO_2•m~(-2)•s~(-1)。生长季中6-9月份表现为明显的单峰型日变化,非生长季的变化幅度较小。净生态系统交换量（NEE）和生态系统总初级生产力（GPP）与气温、空气水气饱和亏和地表反射率等环境因素呈现相似的相关性,与地上生物量和群落叶面积指数则为线性负相关,生态系统呼吸（Res）则与上述因子的相关性呈现相反的趋势。

青海果洛黄河源区高寒草甸CO_2释放速率研究

以青海果洛黄河源区高寒退化草甸生态系统为对象,应用静态密闭箱-气相色谱法对高寒退化草甸生态系统CO_2释放进行了初步研究.结果表明:所选4种不同退化程度高寒草甸,即未退化草甸(A)、轻度退化草甸(B)、中度退化草甸(C)和重度退化草甸(D),其CO_2释放速率有明显的日变化特征,日最大排放速率在15:00-17:00左右出现,最低值出现于清晨7:00-9:00左右,释放白天大于夜晚;(2)CO_2释放速率具有明显的季节性变化特征,生长期CO_2释放速率明显高于枯黄期,8月为CO_2释放高峰期,1月或2月为CO_2释放低谷期;(3)CO_2释放速率的日变化主要受地表温度和5cm地温制约,季节动态与5cm地温呈显著正相关关系(P＜0.01),本研究为进一步进行高寒退化草甸生态系统源江效应的准确估测提供科学依据.

繁殖期高原鼠兔的行为时间分配与后代存活率的关系

2002年4-8月份,在中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站附近,采用标志流放、直接观察法和解剖法对青藏高原特有的植食性小哺乳动物——高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzoniae）的行为时间分配、繁殖特征和后代存活率等方面进行了研究.结果表明,雌、雄成体平均地面活动时间占总时间的比例分别为88.67%和89.88%,在不同的繁殖时段,成体的各种行为时间分配存在显著的变化,并影响后代的存活率.幼体从出生到15 d的存活率和雌、雄性成体的每次移动距离以及雌性成体的地面活动强度都显著的正相关;从15 d到45 d的存活率和雄性成体的地面活动强度、观望强度显著的正相关.在相同的观察时期,高原鼠兔雌、雄成体的一些行为时间分配存在显著差异,如雄性成体地面移动距离、频次在繁殖前期显著的高于雌性成体;雄性成体的观望强度在6、7月份显著高于雌性成体.说明雄性成体在领域防卫中较雌性成体承担更多的责任,雌、雄成体在育幼活动中的繁殖投入存在互补性。

安睡伴侣软胶囊中丁香酚含量测定方法研究

安睡伴侣软胶囊由纯天然传统藏药(包括丁香、肉豆蔻、胡椒、阿魏等6味药材)组方，经超临界CO2萃取其中的挥发油等活性成分后精制而成，具有安神、催眠、抗惊厥等保健功效，无毒副作用。丁香酚是安睡伴侣软胶囊中稳定的、有代表性的功效成分，目前测定药材药品中丁香酚含量的方法主要有液相色谱法(HPLC)和气相色谱法(GC)等。本试验建立了安睡伴侣软胶囊中丁香酚含量的气相色谱和液相色谱测定方法，采用这2种方法测试了5个批次的安睡伴侣软胶囊样品，并将2种方法的测定结果进行了对比。经数据统计分析(配对t检验)显示，HPLC法和GC法所得结果没有显著性差异，2种方法均可满足常规检验要求，都可以作为本制剂的质量检验方法。

国产画眉草亚族叶表皮微形态特征及其在属间关系上的意义

通过国产画眉草亚族叶片表皮的解剖观察,结合外部形态,对该亚族内6个属的属间关系进行了分析.结果表明:羽穗草属应是国产画眉草亚族中最原始的类群,最高级的类群仍数细画眉草属,而其余4属即画眉草属、弯穗草属、尖稃草属和镰稃草属的演化水平居于两者之间;画眉草属和弯穗草属可能直接起源于原始的羽穗草属,而较高级的尖稃草属和镰稃草属又可能直接起源于较原始的画眉草属,并在镰稃草属的基础上进而派生了最进化的细画眉草属.整个研究结果既弥补了前人演化理论的不足,又为今后族进化的全面探讨提供了参考.

江河源区主要自然生物资源概述

广袤的草地、特有的高寒湿地以及丰富而有又独特的生物多样性是江河源区重要的自然生物资源.草地占江河源区总土地面积的84.53%,是源区畜牧业经济发展的基础,同时也是长江、黄河和澜沧江三大江河的源头区域,为江河中、下游地区生态环境稳定和经济持续发展提供无可替代的服务.江河源区是世界上海拔最高的高寒湿地主要分布区,湿地总面积达8 000 km2.江河源区独特的生态环境孕育了种类繁多的特有动、植物种类,源区约有哺乳动物、鸟类和鱼类133、249和219种,牧草植物、药用植物、食用植物和观赏植物约800、808、80和400种,是世界海拔最高的生物多样性集中分布区.然而,由于超载放牧、盲目采挖、盗猎等不合理的开发和利用以及气候变化等诸多因素的综合影响,江河源区草地生态系统退化、高寒湿地萎缩、生物多样性锐减等生态环境危机不断加剧.正确权衡江河源区自然生物资源的短期经济价值及其所拥有的巨大生态公益和潜在开发价值,科学决策,保护江河源区自然生物资源迫在眉睫.