同位素稀释-等离子体质谱法快速测定铬铁矿中的铂族元素

目前测定铂族元素的方法主要有中子活化法和等离子体质谱法。后者具有灵敏度高、检出限低、质谱图简单的特点，是铂族元素测定的有力工具。同位素稀释法具有准确度高、灵敏度好，不需要对分析元素进行严格的定量回收，已应用于铂族元素的测定。由于铂族元素在地质样品中含量极低，且分布不均匀，因此必须进行分离富集。目前国内外对铂族元素的富集方法主要有火试金法、

云南中旬地区两个斑岩铜矿容矿斑岩的地球化学特征——以雪鸡坪和普朗斑岩铜矿床为例

位于义敦岛弧南端的中甸岛弧已成为我国又一重要的斑岩铜矿产地，其中雪鸡坪中型斑岩铜矿床产于西斑岩带，普朗超大型斑岩铜矿床产于东斑岩带。详细对比研究了这两个斑岩铜矿床矿床地质，含矿斑岩的岩石化学、地球化学以及年代学等特征，认为：①两者的元素组成非常相似，如稀土配分形式均为轻稀土元素富集型，亏损重稀土元素和Y，富集Sr、K、Rb、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素，亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、置等高场强元素，显示了埃达克岩的地球化学特征，表明它们可能是俯冲的甘孜-理塘洋壳部分熔融的产物，并受到地壳物质的混染；②中甸岛弧的结构及时空演化保持了义敦岛弧的共性，发育完整的沟-弧-盆体系，其中东斑岩带属于外弧，而西斑岩带属于内弧，中斑岩带及零星分布的属都蛇绿混杂岩产于弧间盆地。

云南个旧塘子凹锡多金属矿床夕卡岩地质地球化学特征

从地质产状、矿物组合和岩石化学成分等方面探讨了个旧塘子凹接触带不同类型夕卡岩的特征。该夕卡岩带从内侧到外侧常具有辉石夕卡岩带和石榴子石夕卡岩带交替出现的现象，其岩石化学成分也相应地发生韵律变化，表现为在辉石夕卡岩带中SiO2和MgO含量较高，而在石榴子石夕卡岩带中CaO、TFe和Al2O3含量较高。认为夕卡岩带中的韵律变化一方面与被交代围岩中存在灰质白云岩和大理岩的互层带有关，另一方面与岩浆期后热液的渗滤交代作用有关。围岩中的灰质白云岩层被交代后形成辉石带，大理岩层被交代后形成石榴子石带。

新疆塔木-卡兰古铅锌矿带流体包裹体特征

塔木-卡兰古铅锌矿带大体沿塔里木板块西南边缘大断裂展布，受克孜勒陶-库斯拉甫NNW向断裂控制，目前已发现20多个矿床（点）。通过对该矿化带中铁克里克、塔木、阿帕列克和卡兰古4个典型矿点的流体包裹体的系统温压测定和模拟计算，并结合前人的研究成果认为：塔木-卡兰古铅锌矿带的矿床类型为密西西比河谷型铅锌矿床；4个矿床成矿压力范围分别为45～65MPa、33～45MPa、36～54MPa和33～45MPa，对应的戍矿深度平均值分别为5．85km、4．24km、4．94km和4．34km，都属于浅成矿床；成矿流体具有多源性特征.

Low temperature specific heat and thermal stability of Fe-B ultrafine amorphous alloy particles

Fe-B ultrafine amorphous alloy particles (UFAAP) were prepared by chemical reduction of Fe3+ with NaBHO4 and confirmed to be ultrafine amorphous particles by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The specific heat of the sample was measured by a high precision adiabatic calorimeter, and a differential scanning calorimeter was used for thermal stability analysis. A topological structure of Fe-B atoms is proposed to explain two crystallization peaks and a melting peak observed at T=600, 868 and 1645 K, respectively.

Illness and elevated Human Mortality in Europe Coincident with the Laki Fissure eruption

Grattan, J. Durand, M. Taylor, S., Illness and elevated Human Mortality in Europe Coincident with the Laki fissure eruption. In: 'Volcanic Degassing: Geological Society, Special Publication 213', Oppenheimer, C., Pyle, D.M. and Barclay, J. (eds). Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 410-414, 2003.

Pressure-induced amorphization and an amorphous-amorphous transition in densified porous silicon

Deb, S. K., Wilding, M. C., Somayazulu, M., McMillan, P. F. (2001). Pressure-induced amorphization and an amorphous-amorphous transition in densified porous silicon. Nature, 414, 528-530. RAE2008

Synthesis and reactivity of α-diazo-β-keto sulfoxides: scope and synthetic potential

The research described in this thesis focuses on the design and synthesis of stable α-diazosulfoxides and investigation of their reactivity under a variety of conditions (transition-metal catalysis, thermal, photochemical and microwave) with a particular emphasis on the synthesis of novel heterocyclic compounds with potential biological activity. The exclusive reaction pathway for these α-diazosulfoxides was found to be hetero-Wolff rearrangement to give α-oxosulfine intermediates. In the first chapter, a literature review of sulfines is presented, including a discussion of naturally occurring sulfines, and an overview of the synthesis and reactivity of sulfines. The potential of sulfines in organic synthesis and recent developments in particular are highlighted. The second chapter discusses the synthesis and reactivity of α-diazosulfoxides, building on earlier results in this research group. The synthesis of lactone-based α-diazosulfoxides and, for the first time, ketone-based benzofused and monocyclic α-diazosulfoxides is described. The reactivity of these α-diazosulfoxides is then explored under a variety of conditions, such as transition-metal catalysis, photochemical and microwave, generating labile α-oxosulfine intermediates, which are trapped using amines and dienes, in addition to the spontaneous reaction pathways which occur with α-oxosulfines in the absence of a trap. A new reaction pathway was explored with the lactone based α-oxosulfines, involving reaction with amines to generate novel 3-aminofuran-2(5H)-ones via carbophilic attack, in very good yields. The reactivity of ketone-based α-diazosulfoxides was explored for the first time, and once again, pseudo-Wolff rearrangement to the α-oxosulfines was the exclusive reaction pathway observed. The intermediacy of the α-oxosulfines was confirmed by trapping as cycloadducts, with the stereochemical features dependant on the reaction conditions. In the absence of a diene trap, a number of reaction fates from the α-oxosulfines were observed, including complete sulfinyl extrusion to give indanones, sulfur extrusion to give indanediones, and, to a lesser extent, dimerisation. The indanediones were characterised by trapping as quinoxalines, to enable full characterisation. One of the overriding outcomes of this thesis was the provision of new insights into the behaviour of α-oxosulfines with different transition metal catalysts, and under thermal, microwave and photolysis conditions. A series of 3-aminofuran-2(5H)-ones and benzofused dihydro-2H-thiopyran S-oxides were submitted for anticancer screening at the U.S. National Cancer Institute. A number of these derivatives were identified as hit compounds, with excellent cell growth inhibition. One 3-aminofuran-2(5H)-one derivative has been chosen for further screening. The third chapter details the full experimental procedures, including spectroscopic and analytical data for the compounds prepared during this research. The data for the crystal structures are contained in the attached CD.

FT-jet spectroscopy: vibrational energy transfer in N2O

A set-up combining a high resolution Fourier transform interferometer and a quadrupole mass spectrometer with a supersonic jet expansion produced thanks to a large turbomolecular pumping unit is described. A rotational temperature close to 3 K is demonstrated. Vibration-vibration energy transfer in the expansion affecting the v2 = 1 state in N2O is monitored in the presence of various collision partners. The transfer from the v 2 = 1 state of N2O towards the quasi resonant, lower energy v2 = 1 state of OCS is demonstrated, in particular. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Islamic commercial crisis: Institutional roots of economic underdevelopment in the Middle East

During the second millennium, the Middle East's commerce with Western Europe fell increasingly under European domination. Two factors played critical roles. First, the Islamic inheritance system, by raising the costs of dissolving a partnership following a partner's death, kept Middle Eastern commercial enterprises small and ephemeral. Second, certain European inheritance systems facilitated large and durable partnerships by reducing the likelihood of premature dissolution. The upshot is that European enterprises grew larger than those of the Islamic world. Moreover, while ever larger enterprises propelled further organizational transformations in Europe, persistently small enterprises inhibited economic modernization in the Middle East.

Intracoronary adenovirus-mediated delivery and overexpression of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor in the heart : prospects for molecular ventricular assistance.

BACKGROUND: Genetic modulation of ventricular function may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with congestive heart failure. Myocardial overexpression of beta(2)-adrenergic receptors (beta(2)ARs) has been shown to enhance contractility in transgenic mice and reverse signaling abnormalities found in failing cardiomyocytes in culture. In this study, we sought to determine the feasibility and in vivo consequences of delivering an adenovirus containing the human beta(2)AR cDNA to ventricular myocardium via catheter-mediated subselective intracoronary delivery. METHODS AND RESULTS: Rabbits underwent percutaneous subselective catheterization of either the left or right coronary artery and infusion of adenoviral vectors containing either a marker transgene (Adeno-betaGal) or the beta(2)AR (Adeno-beta(2)AR). Ventricular function was assessed before catheterization and 3 to 6 days after gene delivery. Both left circumflex- and right coronary artery-mediated delivery of Adeno-beta(2)AR resulted in approximately 10-fold overexpression in a chamber-specific manner. Delivery of Adeno-betaGal did not alter in vivo left ventricular (LV) systolic function, whereas overexpression of beta(2)ARs in the LV improved global LV contractility, as measured by dP/dt(max), at baseline and in response to isoproterenol at both 3 and 6 days after gene delivery. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous adenovirus-mediated intracoronary delivery of a potentially therapeutic transgene is feasible, and acute global LV function can be enhanced by LV-specific overexpression of the beta(2)AR. Thus, genetic modulation to enhance the function of the heart may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for congestive heart failure and can be viewed as molecular ventricular assistance.

Una aproximación al trabajo con niños especialmente dotados en matemáticas

Este estudio se centra en el diseño e implementación de tareas que permitan a los futuros profesores identificar el talento matemático de los alumnos, al mismo tiempo que potencian en ellos su desarrollo. El trabajo fue realizado con estudiantes de entre 7 y 11 años, que participaron en cursos extraordinarios de matemática. La tarea se basó en la teoría de situaciones de Brosseau, con algunos conceptos de combinatoria y con movimientos en el espacio. En su desarrollo se utilizó material concreto como medio facilitador hacia la abstracción. Los futuros profesores debían observar la actividad de los alumnos y registrar todos los acontencimientos que, bajo su perspectiva, intervenían el la resolución de la tarea. En los resultados mostramos la potencialidad del trabajo desarrollado, cuáles fueron las características más destacadas que se potenciaron en los alumnos y cuáles fueron las identificadas por los futuros profesores.

Razones trigonométricas

Este capítulo es nuestro informe final de la unidad didáctica sobre razones trigonométricas. Es el trabajo final de MAD, la concentración en Educación Matemática de la maestría en Educación de la Universidad de los Andes. Este trabajo nace de constatar que muchos profesores de matemáticas de grado décimo usan las razones trigonométricas como herramienta para solucionar ejercicios de resolución de triángulos, aplicados a problemas, sin tener en cuenta el contexto propio del estudiante. De otro lado, la implementación en el aula de recursos o materiales para la enseñanza de la trigonometría se ha restringido al uso de la calculadora de funciones para determinar ángulos y longitudes en función de una razón trigonométrica particular. Desde esta problemática diseñamos, implementamos y evaluamos la unidad didáctica de razones trigonométricas como propuesta de innovación en la Institución de Educación Distrital (IED) José Joaquín Castro Martínez. Esta unidad didáctica promueve la construcción del concepto razones trigonométricas a partir de situaciones que tienen sentido para el estudiante y que son cercanas a su propio contexto.