The PPh3 ligand modified Rh/SiO2 catalyst for hydroformylation of olefins

A novel family of hybrid catalyst with high turnover frequency (TOF) and high selectivity towards aldehydes for hydroformylation of olefins could be successfully approached through direct coordination with the PPh3 ligand to the highly dispersed Rh metal particle precursors. A further advantage is that the catalyst is easily prepared and recyclable. The results revealed that hydroformylation of olefins to aldehydes dominantly took place on the surface of PPh3 ligand modified Rh metal particles of the hybrid catalyst. It was found that the formation of chemical coordination bond between the Rh metal particles and the lone-pair electron of PPh3 was evident through the TG and P-31 NMR measurement. Moreover, the addition of PPh3 onto the Rh/SiO2 exert a significant influence on the adsorption state of reactant CO, H-2 and C2H4 on the PPh3-Rh/SiO2 sample, which probably lead to good catalytic performances for hydroformylation of olefins. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

缓/控释氮素肥料对土壤生物学活性的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,研究施用不同种缓/控释氮素肥料对玉米苗期土壤脲酶、硝酸还原酶活性、微生物生物量碳和氮的影响。结果表明:在玉米苗期,施用脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)涂层大颗粒尿素、硝化抑制剂(DCD)与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素肥料对脲酶活性有显著的抑制作用,脲酶活性为48～50mgNH3-N·kg-1土·24h-1;施用DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素肥料,硝酸还原酶活性最高,为1.43μgN·g-1土·24h-1,施用含有NBPT肥料对硝酸还原酶活性没有显著影响。玉米苗期施用NBPT涂层尿素肥料微生物量碳、氮含量最高,分别为241和57mg·kg-1土,NBPT对土壤微生物量没有产生负面影响。施用不同种缓/控释氮素肥料微生物量氮变化与微生物量碳一致,施用DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素肥料微生物量氮与对照无显著差别,为50mg·kg-1土。施用DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素肥料,玉米苗期微生物固持氮素能力没有受到影响,同种膜材料包膜NBPT/DCD涂层尿素制成的控释氮肥,对土壤生物学活性影响明显强于直接包膜大颗粒尿素制成的控释氮肥的作用效果。不同种缓/控释肥料玉米苗期土壤生物学活性差异表明,丙烯酸树脂包膜尿素制成的控释氮肥,对氮素或抑制剂的控释效果显著好于醋酸酯淀粉包膜尿素制成的控释氮肥。

Preparation and characteristics of nonflammable polyimide materials

The thermal and flame-retardant properties of homo- and copolyimides were evaluated. Those containing sulfone linkages in the backbone were found to be more flame retardant. Both properties were dependent on the composition. A polyimide/silica nanocomposite was obtained through sol-gel processing. The effects of the addition of silica an the dispersion, interfacial adhesion, fire resistance, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the composites were investigated. SEM analysis showed a good dispersion of silica with a diameter of 50-300 nm in the organic matrices. The addition of silica increased the fire retardancy and mechanical properties of the composites. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Coupling of seagrass (Cymodocea nodosa) patch dynamics to subaqueous dune migratio

The coupling between patch dynamics - described by the patch growth (horizontal and vertical), patch mortality, and life-history of Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Aschers., and the disturbance caused by the migration of subaqueous dunes over the plants was examined in a shallow NW Mediterranean bay (Alfacs Bay) where this species maintains a patchy cover. C. nodosa shoots survived substantial burial rates (up to 2.4 mm/day) by growing vertically at rates proportional to, albeit four-fold slower than, burial rates. Patch death was caused by erosion as large subaqueous dunes migrated pass the plant patch. Patch growth was fastest over the progressing slope of the dunes ( similar to 2.5 m year super(-1)) and flowering was also stimulated by sand accretion. The time interval between the passage of consecutive dunes, which sets the time window available for patch development, ranged between 2 and 6 years. This time interval allowed C. nodosa to recolonize bare substrata, with patch formation occurring about half a year after the disturbance, and also allowed established shoots to complete their life-cycle and produce seeds and thus enable subsequent recolonization. The time windows available for patch development also set an upper limit to patch size of about 26 m. Significant cross correlations between dune topography and patch dynamics and plant flowering frequency provide evidence that the spatial heterogeneity in the vegetation is closely associated with the disturbance imposed by the migration of sand dunes. The migration of subaqueous dunes maintains C. nodosa in a continuous state of colonization involving spatially asynchronous patch growth and subsequent mortality, which is ultimately responsible for the characteristic patchy landscape of this Bay. 

科尔沁沙地124种天然植物粘液繁殖体的甄别

用粘沙法对科尔沁沙地西部124种天然植物进行了粘液繁殖体甄别。结果表明:(1)在124种植物中,有13种植物包括冷蒿(Artemisiafrigida)、万年蒿(A.gmelinii)、差不嘎蒿(A.halodendron)、野艾蒿(A.lavan-dulaefolia)、大籽蒿(A.sieversiana)、黄蒿(A.scoparia)、乌丹蒿(A.wudanica)、画眉(Eragrostispilosa)、小画眉(E.poaeoides)、百里香(Thymusmongolicus)、平车前(Plantagodepressa)、盐生车前(Plantagomaritima)、野亚麻(Linumstelleroides)的种子分泌粘液,占所有被测植物的10.5%;(2)综合浇水2mm和水浸20min两种处理结果发现,盐生车前、平车前、乌丹蒿、冷蒿、百里香粘液(粘沙)繁殖体比例很高,万年蒿、黄蒿、野艾蒿粘液繁殖体比例相对低;(3)综合浇水2mm和水浸20min处理结果发现,分泌粘液粘沙后重量变化较大的植物包括画眉、小画眉、盐生车前、乌丹蒿、万年蒿;(4)将水浸20min与浇水20mm处理的结果进行平均,得到的粘沙种子总粘沙量由小到大的顺序是:黄蒿<野艾蒿<万年蒿<小画眉<画眉<冷蒿<差不嘎蒿<大籽蒿<百里香<野亚麻<平车前<乌丹蒿<盐生车前;(5)全部13种有粘液繁殖体植物的种子均小,单粒重小于1mg;(6)无论对水浸20min,还是浇水20mm处理,粘沙种子粘沙量与未粘沙种子重量正相关,即种子越大,粘沙量越大;(7)蒿属植物占具有粘液繁殖体植物的比例较大,供试的7种植物均有种子分泌粘液,但在粘沙种子重量增加量、粘沙种子对未粘沙种子的重量倍数、粘沙种子百分数等方面表现物种间差异;(8)蒿属植物分泌粘液是其适应流沙的属性之一。

process trustworthiness as a capability indicator for measuring and improving software trustworthiness

Chinese Acad Sci, ISCAS Lab Internet Software Technologies

农林生态系统界面生态学初探

对界面生态学的概念、界面生态学的主要研究内容、界面生态学在农林复合生态系统中的应用进行了系统的论述 ,农林复合生态系统中树木与农作物的作用机制主要体现在以空气为介质的光、热、水分竞争的地上界面和以土壤为介质的养分、水分竞争的地下界面上 .界面上物质、能量、信息的交换和传递反映了农林复合生态系统中树木和农作物的作用机理 .

沈阳市建成区树种现状分析

通过对沈阳市建成区城市树木的调查分析发现:沈阳市的各土地类型中的树木分布不均,其中,被调查的256块样地中每公顷物种小于或等于5种的样地有113块,占总调查样地的44.14%,每公顷小于或等于10株的样地共43块,占总样地的16.80%;利用树种多度重要性排序及累积贡献率获得了不同土地类型中的主要树种;多个生物多样性指数表明,公园性质的绿地树种多样性最高,企事业单位用地与居住区用地次之,街道类用地较低,而商业金融用地最低;并对沈阳市的树种发展提出建议。

土壤有机质对土霉素在土壤中吸附-解吸的影响

采用批量平衡方法,研究了土霉素在原土及去除有机质土壤中的吸附和解吸.结果表明,土霉素在原土和去除有机质土壤中的吸附和解吸等温线均不同程度地偏离线性模型,其中Freundlich模型可以对吸附和解吸数据进行良好的非线性拟合,在不同土壤以及不同土壤处理中的拟合相关系数(r)均达到极显著水平.去除有机质能够降低土霉素在土壤中的吸附容量(lgKf),但增加了吸附强度(1/n).土霉素在土壤上的解吸过程存在明显的滞后现象,在所设土霉素浓度范围内,土霉素在褐土和红壤中的平均滞后系数(HIa)分别为0.039和0.015;去除有机质后的褐土和红壤对土霉素的解吸滞后现象显著增强(P<0.01),其HIa分别增加到0.068和0.028.

微根管法和同位素法在细根寿命研究中的应用及比较

细根的生产和周转在陆地生态系统的碳和养分循环中起着重要作用,并且对全球环境变化具有一定的指示意义。细根寿命是估计细根周转的关键,其长短决定了养分和碳消耗与循环的速度。由于采用的研究方法不同,导致所得细根寿命估计值存在较大差异,目前最新的同位素和微根管2种方法之间寿命估计值差异可达10倍以上。本文对这2种研究方法的原理和优点进行了阐述,并从细根定义、细根寿命理论分布假设、细根取样误差等方面对导致这2种方法研究结果存在差异的原因进行分析,以期有助于今后根系研究的发展。

细河河水及其沿岸地下水水质的有机污染特征

调查了沈阳市细河河水及其沿岸地下水水质中石油类和美国环保局(USEPA)"黑名单"上的16种优先控制多环芳烃(PAHs)的有机污染现状,评价细河污染带来的生态风险。结果表明:细河河水中石油类浓度和16种PAHs总浓度范围分别为0.031～1.819mg.L-1和0.026～0.384μg.L-1,平均浓度分别为1.007mg.L-1和0.151μg.L-1;细河沿岸地下水中石油类浓度和16种PAHs总浓度范围分别为0.020～0.987mg.L-1和0.051～0.389μg.L-1,平均浓度分别为0.364mg.L-1和0.133μg.L-1;细河河水和地下水中的石油类污染严重;河水中的PAHs浓度在流经规模较大的城镇或乡镇处出现高值点,苯并(b)荧蒽和苯并(k)荧蒽在河水与地下水中的检出率较高,对水生生态系统健康构成了潜在的威胁。