Establishing species–habitat associations for 4 eteline snappers with the use of a baited stereo-video camera system

With the use of a baited stereo-video camera system, this study semiquantitatively defined the habitat associations of 4 species of Lutjanidae: Opakapaka (Pristipomoides filamentosus), Kalekale (P. sieboldii), Onaga (Etelis coruscans), and Ehu (E. carbunculus). Fish abundance and length data from 6 locations in the main Hawaiian Islands were evaluated for species-specific and size-specific differences between regions and habitat types. Multibeam bathymetry and backscatter were used to classify habitats into 4 types on the basis of substrate (hard or soft) and slope (high or low). Depth was a major influence on bottomfish distributions. Opakapaka occurred at depths shallower than the depths at which other species were observed, and this species showed an ontogenetic shift to deeper water with increasing size. Opakapaka and Ehu had an overall preference for hard substrate with low slope (hard-low), and Onaga was found over both hard-low and hard-high habitats. No significant habitat preferences were recorded for Kalekale. Opakapaka, Kalekale, and Onaga exhibited size-related shifts with habitat type. A move into hard-high environments with increasing size was evident for Opakapaka and Kalekale. Onaga was seen predominantly in hard-low habitats at smaller sizes and in either hard-low or hard-high at larger sizes. These ontogenetic habitat shifts could be driven by reproductive triggers because they roughly coincided with the length at sexual maturity of each species. However, further studies are required to determine causality. No ontogenetic shifts were seen for Ehu, but only a limited number of juveniles were observed. Regional variations in abundance and length were also found and could be related to fishing pressure or large-scale habitat features.

Bayesian estimation of simultaneous musical notes based on frequency domain modelling

This paper proposes a Bayesian method for polyphonic music description. The method first divides an input audio signal into a series of sections called snapshots, and then estimates parameters such as fundamental frequencies and amplitudes of the notes contained in each snapshot. The parameter estimation process is based on a frequency domain modelling and Gibbs sampling. Experimental results obtained from audio signals of test note patterns are encouraging; the accuracy is better than 80% for the estimation of fundamental frequencies in terms of semitones and instrument names when the number of simultaneous notes is two.

大蹼铃蟾缓激肽及其制备方法和其基因

本发明涉及大蹼铃蟾缓激肽及其制备方法和其基因，属于生物医学领域。其缓激肽为从中国两栖类动物大蹼铃蟾(Bombina maxima)皮肤分泌物中分离得到的由19个氨基酸组成的一种单链多肽，分子量2180，等电点11.7，多肽氨基酸全序列一级结构为：DLPKINRKGPRPPGFSPFR。制备方法是收集大蹼铃蟾皮肤分泌物，离心去除沉淀、冷冻干燥后，经凝胶过滤、高压液相反相柱层析分离纯化后即得到。编码大蹼铃蟾缓激肽基因核苷酸序列由cDNA由829个核苷酸组成，编码成熟大蹼铃蟾缓激肽为第140-196，224-280，308-364，392-448，476-532，560-616位6个核苷酸重复单元片断，从两栖类动物皮肤中得到的缓激肽基因作为基因工程制备缓激肽的应用。

双峰驼线粒体DNA地高辛标记探针的制备及其应用

利用地高辛标记技术，对从双峰驼肝脏和肾脏提纯的线粒体ＤＮＡ进行了标记，制成探针，并用它检测了包含于白细胞总ＤＮＡ中的微量线粒体ＤＮＡ。结果表明这一技术完全可以成功地用于微量线粒体ＤＮＡＲＦＬＰ的分析。

甘蔗细茎野生种云南不同生态类型的RAPD分析

云南甘蔗细茎野生种不同生态类型的遗传变异较大,具有丰富的遗传多样性;低纬度类型的遗传多样性明显高于高纬度类型,在相同的纬度范围内,随着海拔的升高,其多态性逐渐减少;基于分子聚类分析,86份材料被划分为8个不同群体,表现出明显的地理分布的特点。