Persistent organic pollutant levels in human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese individuals - Depot differences and dysmetabolism implications

Background: The role of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with endocrine disrupting activity in the aetiology of obesity and other metabolic dysfunctions has been recently highlighted. Adipose tissue (AT) is a common site of POPs accumulation where they can induce adverse effects on human health. Objectives: To evaluate the presence of POPs in human visceral (vAT) and subcutaneous (scAT) adipose tissue in a sample of Portuguese obese patients that underwent bariatric surgery, and assess their putative association with metabolic disruption preoperatively, as well as with subsequent body mass index (BMI) reduction. Methods: AT samples (n=189) from obese patients (BMI ≥35) were collected and the levels of 13 POPs were determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected at the time of surgery. BMI variation was evaluated after 12 months and adipocyte size was measured in AT samples. Results: Our data confirm that POPs are pervasive in this obese population (96.3% of detection on both tissues), their abundance increasing with age (RS=0.310, p<0.01) and duration of obesity (RS=0.170, p<0.05). We observed a difference in AT depot POPs storage capability, with higher levels of ΣPOPs in vAT (213.9±204.2 compared to 155.1±147.4 ng/g of fat, p<0.001), extremely relevant when evaluating their metabolic impact. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between POP levels and the presence of metabolic syndrome components, namely dysglycaemia and hypertension, and more importantly with cardiovascular risk (RS=0.277, p<0.01), with relevance for vAT (RS=0.315, p<0.01). Finally, we observed an interesting relation of higher POP levels with lower weight loss in older patients. Conclusion: Our sample of obese subjects allowed us to highlight the importance of POPs stored in AT on the development of metabolic dysfunction in a context of obesity, shifting the focus to their metabolic effects and not only for their recognition as environmental obesogens.

Pelvic floor dysfunction 6 years post-anal sphincter tear at the time of vaginal delivery.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: This study aims to estimate fecal, urinary incontinence, and sexual function 6 years after an obstetrical anal sphincter tear. METHODS: Among 13,213 women who had a vaginal delivery of a cephalic singleton at term, 196 women sustained an anal sphincter tear. They were matched to 588 controls. Validated questionnaires grading fecal and urinary incontinence, and sexual dysfunction were completed by the participants. RESULTS: Severe fecal incontinence was more frequently reported by women who had sustained an anal sphincter tear compared to the controls. Women with an anal sphincter tear had no increased risk of urinary incontinence, but reported significantly more pain, difficulty with vaginal lubrication, and difficulty achieving orgasm compared to the controls. A fetal occiput posterior position during childbirth was an independent risk factor for both severe urinary incontinence and severe sexual dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Fecal incontinence is strongly associated with an anal sphincter tear. A fetal occiput posterior position represents a risk factor for urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction.

Caracterización física, química y geológica en la bahía de Samanco, Chimbote. 19-22 julio 2000

Brinda información sobre el comportamiento termal, halino, la circulación, sedimentología y geoquímica de la zona. La geomorfología y la presencia de islas en la entrada de la bahía, limitan la circulación marina condicionando escaso transporte de sedimentos en el fondo, sobre todo en la zona central donde existen principalmente sedimentos finos.

Condiciones oceanográficas frente a la costa norte y centro del Perú. 22 de octubre al 10 de noviembre de 1996. (Operacion MOPFEN 9610-11)

Presenta información oceanográfica que permite conocer la variación que han tenido los parámetros ambientales durante la primavera de 1996 y tener así elementos de juicio, para conocer la tendencia de las condiciones del mar peruano hacia el mes de diciembre de 1996 e inicio de verano de 1997.

Eficiencia y comportamiento de las redes de arrastre pelágicas en el estudio de recursos pelágicos. Crucero BIC Jose Olaya Balandra y BIC Humboldt 9906

Los resultados del Crucero 9906 de Evaluación Hidroacústica de Recursos Pelágicos a bordo del BIC Humboldt y del BIC José Olaya Balandra en el área cubierta entre Paita (05°00 'S) y Bahía Independencia (14°15°S), del 13 al 28 de junio de 1999, indican que las redes de arrastre pelágicas 124/1800 y 494/800 tuvieron buena eficiencia y comportamiento en 100 lances de comprobación. La captura total de los dos buques fue de 11.243.3 kg, correspondiendo a la anchoveta 8.564,1 kg; sardina 35,49 kg; jurel 22,2 kg; caballa 131 kg; samasa 25,47 kg; vinciguerria 1.242,31 kg y otros recursos 1.213,64 kg. El índice de captura (CPUE) del BIC José Olaya Balandra fue de 748,98 kg/h y del BIC Humboldt 72,31 kg/h. El mayor porcentaje de mezcla de los 100 lances con recursos pelágicos correspondió a la anchoveta con otros recursos a 10 mn de distancia de la costa.

Proposed Improvement of the Iowa State Capitol Grounds, An Address before the Iowa Chapter American Institute of Architects at the State Historical Buiding, Des Moines, Iowa, October 22, 1913.

Concerning improvements to the State Capitol Grounds including placement of the Allison memorial and Soldiers and Sailor's momuments; removal of heating plant and relieving the state of coal, ashes, gas and smoke; provision of office space to the Adjutant General; an eventual executive mansion; provision of office buildings; and for a Supreme Court building where together with its library auxiliaries will have perpetual growth and constant accessbility; and propose restoration of natural scenic value of the capitol site.