La explotación de las esmeraldas de Muzo (Nueva Granada), en sus primeros tiempos

Las primeras esmeraldas colombianas fueron descubiertas, el año de 1514, en Santa Marta, Costa Norte, por el Capitán General Pedro Arias de Ávila. Durante la conquista se requisaron muchas a los indios y también se recogieron en placeres, lo que ponía en evidencia la riqueza de este país. En 1535, el naturalista Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo (1478-1557) nos señala en la Historia Natural y General de Indias (1535) que desde Tierra Firme 'se han llevado muchas (esmeraldas) en cantidad de diversas estimaciones, é precio', oferta tal que llevó a la caída de precios en Europa.

New methods for the estimation of Takagi-Sugeno model based extended Kalman filter and its applications to optimal control for nonlinear systems

This paper describes new approaches to improve the local and global approximation (matching) and modeling capability of Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model. The main aim is obtaining high function approximation accuracy and fast convergence. The main problem encountered is that T-S identification method cannot be applied when the membership functions are overlapped by pairs. This restricts the application of the T-S method because this type of membership function has been widely used during the last 2 decades in the stability, controller design of fuzzy systems and is popular in industrial control applications. The approach developed here can be considered as a generalized version of T-S identification method with optimized performance in approximating nonlinear functions. We propose a noniterative method through weighting of parameters approach and an iterative algorithm by applying the extended Kalman filter, based on the same idea of parameters’ weighting. We show that the Kalman filter is an effective tool in the identification of T-S fuzzy model. A fuzzy controller based linear quadratic regulator is proposed in order to show the effectiveness of the estimation method developed here in control applications. An illustrative example of an inverted pendulum is chosen to evaluate the robustness and remarkable performance of the proposed method locally and globally in comparison with the original T-S model. Simulation results indicate the potential, simplicity, and generality of the algorithm. An illustrative example is chosen to evaluate the robustness. In this paper, we prove that these algorithms converge very fast, thereby making them very practical to use.

Quæ in hoc volumine continentur hæc sunt, Periocha viginti librorum Antiquitatis iudaicæ / ab ipso ... Josippo composita ... ; Periocha altera librorum septem de Bello iudaico ... ; Defensio ipsius historiae de Antiquitate iudaica aduersus Apionem. Acced

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Quæ in hoc volumine continentur hæc sunt, Periocha viginti librorum Antiquitatis iudaicæ / ab ipso ... Josippo composita ... ; Periocha altera librorum septem de Bello iudaico ... ; Defensio ipsius historiae de Antiquitate iudaica aduersus Apionem. Accedit Egesippi de Bello similiter iudaico elegatissima narratio ...

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Opus sermonum de aduentu / religiosissimi viri, artiu[m] ac sacre theologie in Parisien[si] academia quondam professoris, et euangelice doctrine co[n]cionatoris celebratissimi Ioannis Raulini ordinis Cluniacen[sis], dilige[n]ti quidem cura mendis o[mn]ibu

Raulin, Jean (O.S.B.), 1443-1514. Itinerarium paradisi religiosissimi patris artium ac sacre pagine p[ro]fessoris Parisien[sis] diuiniq[ue] verbi declamatoris facundissimi magistri Ioannis Raulin ordinis Cluniace[nsis], co[m]plecte[n]s sermones de Penit

Opus sermonum de aduentu / religiosissimi viri, artiu[m] ac sacre theologie in Parisien[si] academia quondam professoris, et euangelice doctrine co[n]cionatoris celebratissimi Ioannis Raulini ordinis Cluniacen[sis], dilige[n]ti quidem cura mendis o[mn]ibu

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Opus sermonu[m] quadragesimaliu[m] super epistolas [et] euangelia quadragesimalia / religiosissimi viri artiu[m] ac sacre theologie professoris Parisiensis magistri Ioa[n]nis Raulin ordinis Cluniacen[sis] ; q[uo]d propter sui multiplicitate[m] in duo part

Texto e índice a dos col. con apostillas marginales

Centum ac qui[n]quaginta psalmi Dauidici : cum dilige[n]tissima etiam titulorum expositio[n]e ... / Iacobi Perez de Valentia ... ; In ca[n]tica autem canticorum eiusdem aureas expositiones seorsum impressimus de nouo emendatum [et] correctum ...

Capitulares grab. xil.

Caietanus super libros de anima cu[m] duplici textus tra[n]slatione, antiqua s[cilicet] Ioa[n]nis Argiropyli, que semper primo loco ponitur ; Eiusde[m] questiones de sensu age[n]te [et] de sensibilibus co[m]munibus, ac de intellectu. Item de substantia or

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Solennis ac perutilis Repetitio c. Raynutius. extra de testa. (vt poteque de testamentis, vltimis voluntatib[us] institutionib[us] substitutionib[us] [et] h[uius]mo[d]i iuriu[m] difficultatib[us] pertractet) Iuris vtriusq[ue] monarche ... / do. Guillelmi

Port. arquitectónicas a dos tintas

Moralitates Roberti Olchot : Verbum Dei euangelizantibus per vtiles : cum ali quibus additionibus de nouo in eas interpositis.

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Ad illustrissimu[m] principe[m] Alfonsum Aragoneum Ferdinandi regis filium ... Lucii Marinei Siculi epistolaru[m] familiariu[m] libri dece[m] septe[m] ; Or[ati]ones quinq[ue] ; de parcis liber vnus ; repetitio de verbo fero eius co[m]positis liber vnu

Marca tip. con orla en colofón (Vindel, 29)

Moralitates Roberti Olchot : Verbum Dei euangelizantibus per vtiles : cum ali quibus additionibus de nouo in eas interpositis.

Pie de imp. tomado del colofón

Ad illustrissimu[m] principe[m] Alfonsum Aragoneum Ferdinandi regis filium ... Lucii Marinei Siculi epistolaru[m] familiariu[m] libri dece[m] septe[m] ; Or[ati]ones quinq[ue] ; de parcis liber vnus ; repetitio de verbo fero eius co[m]positis liber vnu

Marca tip. con orla en colofón (Vindel, 29)