Subsídios geomorfológicos para a avaliação da sensibilidade ambiental ao óleo: o caso do baixo curso do rio Tietê (SP)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Utilização de SIG na sistematização de ocorrências de trauma no SAMU-192 das cidades de Feira de Santana BA e Rio Claro SP

Considering current technological progresses, they prove to be useful tools to be increasingly exploited in order to meet the population's needs. Generally, in Brazil, the Mobile Emergency Services (SAMU) tend to be limited to the management of incidents, which undermines the efficiency of these bodies. In this context, this final dissertation aims to present the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for the SAMU in the cities of Feira de Santana BA and Rio Claro SP, integrating occurrences data related to trauma by cold weapon injuries, injury by gun, and assaults, in the period 2012-2013, as well as census data. The study was developed in stages that included obtaining data related to trauma events linked to urban violence, and statistical Census data (2010), provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Regarding the GIS, the free software Quantum GIS (QGIS) was adopted for processing and spatializing data, assuming the districts as units of study, in the urban area of the cities analyzed. The resulting research products were presented in thematic maps format, which conducted to a comparative analysis of the occurrences related to traumas. The achieved results were satisfactory, and a database in GIS was developed, integrating occurrences data by Cold Weapon Injuries (FAB), Injury by Gun (FAF) and Assaults with census data, allowing the proper use and update of the system. Making a comparative analysis between the two cities, it was possible to establish that Rio Claro presents more occurrences when it comes to FAF, FAB and Aggression recorded at SAMU per 100,000 inhabitants than Feira de Santana. Thus, although Rio Claro's population is about three times smaller than Feira de Santana's, it can be said that Rio Claro is a more violent city, considering the factors analyzed. It is possible to infer that the use of GIS applied to the SAMU in medium-sized cities is feasible, and it has the advantage...

Avaliação da participação e confiabilidade da população em relação à campanha de vacinação anual contra a raiva de cães e gatos no município de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil

The annual vaccination campaign against rabies is the most effective prevention procedure for this disease in dogs and cats and hence for human protection also. However, in 2010 and 2011, this activity was interrupted in Brazil due to the occurrence of adverse events associated with vaccination. Even though cases of canine rabies have been decreasing in the last two decades, vigilance must be strengthened in order to maintain pet owners trust in the vaccines provided in public services. This study aimed to determine pet owners participation in the annual vaccination campaign carried out in Botucatu. During March and April 2012, the period before the 42nd campaign, 312 pet owners, dogs and cats, were interviewed. The homes were randomly drawn in blocks from different sectors of the city; all houses on the same block over the 120 km² of urban area participated in the sampling process. Statistical analysis was performed descriptively. The results showed that the owners main motivation to vaccinate their pets during the campaigns is rabies prevention (36%), followed by the proximity of the vaccination station to the house (20.7%), zero cost (10.9%), and the combination of all three factors (16.1%). When asked if they would take their animals back to be vaccinated in another campaign, 60.1% answered yes, 13.5% would go to a private clinic, 2.2% would not take because they do not trust the vaccine and 1.6% had not decided yet. We conclude that the respondents have realized how dangerous Rabies is, because even after the break period, they still utilized the vaccination campaign demonstrating confidence in its effectiveness, while knowing the campaign goals facilitates understanding and participation.

Geoprocessamento aplicado na determinação das áreas de preservação permanente e áreas de conflito com cultivo agrícola no município de Lençóis Paulista/SP

The city of Lençóis Paulista has a great part of its agricultural land cultivated by sugar cane and reforestation of eucalyptus and pine trees. In the county there are industries that exploit energy extracted from energy cogeneration. The city of Lençóis Paulista, in recent years, has been demonstrating considerable levels of economic and social growth with the industries that are working with sugarcane and eucalyptus mainly responsible. However, the expansion of agricultural land in many cases does not take into consideration the permanent preservation areas that are protected by the law. The APP's are of fundamental importance in the management and conservation of the environment preserving the natural plants and wildlife, and also preventing erosion and the silting of drainage networks. This objective of this study was to diagnose land use, analyze if Permanent Preservation Areas are regulated to the Brazilian Forestry Code (1965) and also diagnose areas of conflict. In relation to the use and occupation of land, the research has shown how the land is divided (agricultural crops and urban zones), and highlighted areas of conflict with the Permanent Preservation Areas. All of the information is contained in maps using Geographic Information Systems. However, it has become clear that environmental laws are not respected as much in urban areas as they are in rural areas. The PPA's are virtually nonexistent, thus creating damage to the environment and local population.

Estudo das ilhas de calor no município de piratininga/sp, por meio de dados orbitais.

The massive urbanization and activities arising from the uncontrolled growth of urban areas, result in changes on the climate, making it unhealthy. One factor that contributes to poor quality of life due to this fact is the islands of heat that consists in the accumulation of surface heat and raises the temperature in the cities. The vegetation consists of urban greening, urban forests and green areas, have the function to minimize this effect. To reconcile these factors, collected data on surface temperature by satellite images, LANDSAT 5 captured on 18/12/2012 point 75 e 76, orbits 221, band 6 and on-site survey with thermo-hygrometer, possessed the data, crossing the conducted vegetative survey and provided a management vision to improve the microclimate of the city under study. The vegetation coverage at urban area directly affects the ambient temperature, improving the urban micro-climate. The different analyzed surface coverage also affects the apparent temperature. Among the studied ranks, the eucalyptus cultivation, native forest, urban area and solo exposed areas with greater vegetation cover have mild temperatures and improved microclimate.

Caracterização do uso da terra em diferentes épocas na bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão paraíso- são manuel sp, por meio de sistemas de informações geográficas

This study aimed to evaluate a period of 38 years, the use and soil occupation of the Paradise River watershed, inserted in the citys of São Manuel and Areiópolis-SP using aerial photographs for the year 1972 and TM image (Thematic Mapper) obtained by the Landsat-5 satellite, in 2010, using geoprocessing techniques. The watershed in question is very important for the city of São Manuel-SP, because its urban area is inserted in its divisors which part of it belongs to the Environmental Protection Area (APA) Perimeter Botucatu-SP, considered a recharge area of the aquifer Guarani. Today, the development of agriculture faces challenges, which is to produce more food without impacting the environment. Allied to this concern, research institutions have sought new technologies that allow the detection and quantification of human actions, enabling interventions in order to minimize possible damage to the environment. Among these technologies can be cited Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which a large volume of data and information stored in a region at different times can be evaluated in the same time, suggesting different approaches to the planning of land use. The results of the mapping of areas of use and soil occupation result nine classes in 1972, and the coffee culture showed the biggest occupation (37.94%) of the total area. The 2010 mapping formulated twelve classes of use, which demonstrated the predominance of sugar cane (37.94%), on the areas occupied by coffee and pasture before. The land use maps of 1972 and 2010 showed results that show intense human activity in the modification of natural landscape.

Acompanhamento da dinâmica do uso do solo em uma bacia hidrográfica no Município de Botucatu (SP) por meio de geotecnologia

The increasing expansion of agricultural activities, without considering the potential and limitations of soils is a potential source of environmental degradation. Thus, the present study assessed the variation of use and occupation in 49 years, between 1962 and 2011 scenarios of watershed of São Caetano - Botucatu (SP). geoprocessing techniques were used in this study. In a Geographic Information System (GIS) - IDRISI – it was integrated information from IBGE digital cards, scale 1:50,000, plus aerial photographs (1962) and satellite images LANDSAT - 5 (2011). In the study area, we can view the progress of the urban area, which in 1962 was not present in the watershed. In 2011, the urban area occupied 21.37% of the total area. Even with this breakthrough occurring in the period of 49 years, there was an increase in the area of natural vegetation, which once occupied only 12.33% of the area (1962), and in 2011 represents 25% of the total area of the watershed, showing an increase in awareness on the importance of preserving nature. Thus, we can conclude that the analysis tools based on GIS enabled us to analyze variations in space and time and to propose alternatives to the correct use and occupation of land.

Uso inadequado de áreas de preservação permanente

O grande desafio da população mundial é a conservação ambiental, pois as Áreas de Preservação Permanentes, que têm papel vital dentro de uma microbacia, por serem responsáveis pela manutenção, preservação e conservação dos ecossistemas ali existentes. O presente trabalho visou analisar os conflitos de uso do solo em áreas de preservação permanentes (APPs) da microbacia do Alto Capivara - Botucatu (SP) através do uso de Sistema de Informações Geográficas e de imagem de satélite digital. A área com 4551,19ha, situa-se entre as coordenadas geográficas: 22o 51’ 57” a 22o 57’ 55” de latitude S e 48o 21’ 58” a 48o 26’ 38” de longitude WGR. O mapa de uso do solo de 2006 foi obtido a partir da classificação supervisionada em imagem de satélite digital de 23/10/2006. Na identificação digital dos alvos foram utilizadas as chaves de interpretação para imagens e as áreas foram determinadas através do software SIG – IDRISI. Os conflitos de uso nas áreas de preservação permanente foram analisados ao longo da rede de drenagem e das nascentes, conforme itens dos artigos 2º e 3º da Resolução nº 303 do CONAMA. A área de APP discriminada ao longo da rede de drenagem foi de 416,5ha (9,15%) . No entanto, 201,15ha da área de APP está ocupada com pastagem (48,3%), reflorestamento (1,23%) e 0,48% por área urbana de forma inadequada (conflito). Portanto, quase 50% de área de APP vem sendo parcialmente utilizada adequadamente.

Sistema de Informações Geográficas aplicado ao diagnóstico do uso da terra da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego São Caetano - Botucatu (SP)

The study aimed to obtain the land use of the watershed Stream São Caetano - Botucatu (SP), through the satellite image. The cartographic databases were: planialtimetric letter in digital format (IBGE) used in georeferencing, and satellite image. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) -IDRISI Selva was use to perform the image georeferencing and to do the final thematic map. In the software CAD - CartaLinx, it was performed the delimitation of the area under study (boundary, drainage network and areas of use and coverage). The land use of the watershed showed that pasture was the class which occupied most of the area, with 34.51% (1117,94 ha), the remainder of the area was urban (692,19ha), forests (809,79ha), cultures (599,96ha) and a very small part of reforestation (19,53ha). The use of remote sensing and geoprocessing were very satisfactory in the present work. Technologies must be increasingly used in agricultural and environmental studies, because technological tools, such as Geographic Information System (GIS), present speed, efficiency, reliable results, helping in increasing sustainability

Monitoramento da qualidade da água no Córrego Chumbeadinha - Ourinhos/SP

A água é um recurso vital para a existência de todos os organismos vivos, e a captação para uso doméstico, produção agrícola, mineração, produção industrial, geração de energia, atividades de lazer e práticas florestais podem levar à deterioração da sua qualidade, atingindo o ecossistema aquático e também a disponibilidade de água potável disponível para consumo humano. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo monitorar a qualidade da água do Córrego Chumbeadinha no município de Ourinhos-SP, que perpassa pela área urbana da cidade e é desprovido de mata ciliar em quase todo seu percurso, além de sofrer dois represamentos artificiais. O Córrego Chumbeadinha é um afluente de segunda ordem do Rio Paranapanema, percorrendo cerca 4 km de sua nascente até sua foz. Foram realizadas amostragens das seguintes variáveis: Sólidos em Suspensão, pH, concentração de oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade elétrica, temperatura da água, coliformes fecais, transparência da água, além do cálculo do índice de estado trófico, em quatro locais no curso do córrego, de setembro de 2009 a abril de 2010. Dessa forma, o córrego Chumbeadinha nasce com uma qualidade boa, apesar de sofrer forte pressão da expansão urbana, porém os demais pontos foram classificados como eutróficos, sendo registrada a presença de coliformes fecais em todas as amostragens. A falta de vegetação nas margens do lago pode ser a grande causadora da eutrofização, pois os sedimentos não encontram dificuldades para chegar até o curso d'água, assim interferindo diretamente no IET do lago.

Prevalence and geographical distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs in the urban area of Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, and can infect a wide variety of animals including humans. Domestic animals can be an important sentinel population for infection in the community. Occurrence of T. gondii infection was assessed in dogs in the urban area of Botucatu city, SP, Brazil. In the sample, 10% rate for error estimate, 95% confidence interval, and 5% significance level were established. Serum samples were collected from dogs during a rabies vaccination campaign, and were processed using modified agglutination test (MAT). Blood samples were collected from 670 dogs, with homogeneous distribution in five regions in the urban area, representing 3.74% of 17,910 animals vaccinated. In this sample, 17.3% (116/670) dogs (68 – 58.6% female and 48 – 41.4% male) were positive for T. gondii infection (p<0.03). Regarding age of the infected dogs 4.6% (4/88) were younger and 95.4% (84/88) were older than one year (p<0.01); the age of 28 positive animals were undetermined. The serum titers of anti-T. gondii antibodies were: 16 (69.8%; 81/116), 64 (13.8%; 16/116), 256 (15.5%; 18/116), and 1024 (0.9%; 1/116). Prevalence was distributed among the North 14.2% (19/134), South 18.0% (31/172), East 15.7% (19/121), West 21.6% (27/125), and Central 16.9% (20/118) regions of the municipality (p=0.5). In all these regions, females and dogs aged more than one year showed a higher occurrence of T. gondii infection (p<0.05).

Caracterização de conflitos de uso do solo em apps na bacia hidrográfica do córrego barra seca (pederneiras/sp)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise ambiental e morfométrica da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Santo Antônio - São Francisco Xavier (SP)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ciclo de cogeração a partir de resíduos de poda de árvores na cidade de Guaratinguetá

The current socio-economic situation has brought a need to look for alternative ways to get energy that allow reducing the high dependence on fossil fuel sources while deflect from the climate change arising from the result of the use of these energy resources. Renewable sources of energy, low and medium temperature appear as high potential of energy resources, which have a major influence on the way of life of the people to enable decentralized energy production. In Brazil, in particular, have also the need to decentralize the energy grid, currently focused on energy from water source. The current water crisis, exemplifies the urgency of betting on other energy sources, as a way to help in emergency situations such as the current one. Therefore, this study evaluates the possibility of using biomass as a heat source in a Rankine Cycle Organic where instead of water; it uses thermal fluid as working fluid, was compared the urban areas of the city of Guaratinguetá with the urban area of the metropolitan region of São Paulo. Thus, it was established two scenarios, so it was possible to establish the cycle to be used

Ciclo de cogeração a partir de resíduos de poda de árvores na cidade de Guaratinguetá

The current socio-economic situation has brought a need to look for alternative ways to get energy that allow reducing the high dependence on fossil fuel sources while deflect from the climate change arising from the result of the use of these energy resources. Renewable sources of energy, low and medium temperature appear as high potential of energy resources, which have a major influence on the way of life of the people to enable decentralized energy production. In Brazil, in particular, have also the need to decentralize the energy grid, currently focused on energy from water source. The current water crisis, exemplifies the urgency of betting on other energy sources, as a way to help in emergency situations such as the current one. Therefore, this study evaluates the possibility of using biomass as a heat source in a Rankine Cycle Organic where instead of water; it uses thermal fluid as working fluid, was compared the urban areas of the city of Guaratinguetá with the urban area of the metropolitan region of São Paulo. Thus, it was established two scenarios, so it was possible to establish the cycle to be used