959 resultados para sorgo sudão


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Mode of access: Internet.

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Includes bibliographical references.

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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a good alternative to be used as silage, especially in places with water scarcity and high temperatures, due to their morphological and physiological characteristics. The appropriate management, as the ideal seeding time, interferes both productivity and the quality of silage. The work was conducted with the objective of evaluating the agronomic and bromatological performance of varieties and hybrids of silage sorghum and their phenotypic stability in two seasons, season and off-season, in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. The experiments were performed at Capim Branco Experimental Farm of Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), located in the referred city. There were two sowing dates in the same experimental area, off-season (March to June 2014) and season (November 2014 to March 2015), and the varieties and hybrids were evaluated in both situations. The design was a randomized block with 25 treatments (hybrids and varieties of sorghum) and three replications. Agronomical and bromatological data were subjected to an analysis of variance; averages were grouped by Scott-Knott test at 5% of probability, through Genes computer program; and to estimate the stability, it was opted for Annicchiarico method. The flowering of cultivars, dry matter productivity, plant height, Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Crude Protein (CP) are affected by the environment and the variety. Regarding productivity and quality of the fiber, SF11 variety was superior, independent of the rated environment. In relation to the performance stability of dry matter, the varieties SF15, SF11, SF25, PROG 134 IPA, 1141572, 1141570 and 1141562 were highlighted. For the stability of the quality of fibers (FDA and FDN), the variety 1141562 stood out. The environment reduces the expression of characters “days of flowering”, “plant height” and “productivity of dry matter of hybrids”. From the 25 hybrids analyzed for productivity and stability of dry matter performance, seven were highlighted, regardless of the rated environment: Volumax commercial hybrid and experiments 12F39006, 12F39007, 12F37014, 12F39014, 12F38009 and 12F02006.

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Organo-mineral fertilizers have been used to both meet plants’ nutritional needs and reduce producers’ reliance on mineral fertilizers. This practice improves both the use of nutrients by plants and the soil structure due to the organic matter in these fertilizers. This study aimed to determine the effect of organic matter sources in the composition of organomineral fertilizers and compare it to the effect of traditional mineral fertilizers when it comes to the initial development of sorghum. Research was carried out in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Uberlandia, in Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sorghum seeds of grain-bearing simple hybrid 1G100 were used in the seeding process. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design in a 4 x 3 + 2 factorial arrangement. Factors included four levels (50, 75, 100 and 125% of 450 kg ha-1, which is the recommended dose for sorghum crops), three organic matter sources in the composition of the organomineral fertilizers (sewage sludge, filter cake, and peat), a control (100% mineral fertilizer), and an untreated check (no fertilizers). Each experimental plot consisted of four plants divided into two pots. Oxisol was used in all pots. Analyses were performed at 30 and 60 days after seeding (DAS) and targeted: plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, and leaf area. After this period, plants were removed from the soil, and had their aerial parts isolated to be dried in an air-forced oven before measurement of their dry mass. Means of the organomineral fertilizers outperformed those of both control and untreated check plots in almost all variables at 30 DAS. The only exception was variable stem diameter, in which organomineral fertilizers outperformed untreated check plots only. Sorghum fertilized with organomineral fertilizers also showed positive results in the variables analyzed at 60 DAS: even with dose reduction, their means were similar to those found in control plots. Organomineral fertilizers had higher means in some variables, such as diameter and dry mass of the aerial part, than both control and untreated check plots. In the conditions set in this study and considering the variables herein reported, organomineral fertilizers can substitute mineral fertilizers in the initial development of sorghum, even with some dose reductions.

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Brazilian sweet sorghum is used to generate ethanol and the bagasse is burned in industrial boilers or deposited on soil polluting the environment. This study evaluated the performance of sorghum plants and its bagasse silage nutritional value aiming to use it in the ruminant nutrition. Experiments were set up on the UTFPR campus at Dois Vizinhos-PR. The first trial was established on October 2nd, 2012 using the genotypes ADV 2010, Hunnigreen, Sugargraze, Volumax, BR 505, 503, 501 and the second trial at 2013 on November 27th assessing the materials ADV 2010, Sugargraze, Hunnigreen, EX 5110, BR 506, 508, 509 and 511. Experimental was laid out as a randomized block design with three replications. Results were analyzed through ANOVA comparing the averages by Duncan test at 5% error probability. As field variables were evaluated: plant height (Pl hei), green mass production (GM Prod), percentage of leaves, stems and panicles in relation to the plant, stems production without straw (Prod stems with straw), whole stems production (Who stems Prod), stem diameter (Stem diam), juice production (Juice prod) and Brix degree (oBrix). After juice plant extraction, forage bagasse was crushed and packed in silos for 60 days and green matter yield was estimated (GM). In bagasse silage gauged to buffer capacity (BC), dry matter (DM), mineral matter (MM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TC), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFCH), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin (LIG ) and digestibility "in vitro" (DIGIV). There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between genotypes regarding to green matter production and on average, the second crop yield was lower and reflected in the reduction of bagasse production. Bagasse silage DM was of 32.3% and 33.1%; NDF 73% and 65.8%, crude protein 3.8% and 5.9; pH 3.7 and 3.7; TC and 9.8 and 10.7. mg MS-1; the amount of NFCH was 11.1 and 13.5%; DIG of DM 36.9 and 62.4% for the respectively to the bagasse produced from materials grown in the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons. Hybrid genotypes had a better agronomic performance while the varieties were more efficient in bromatological indexes. And despite the high percentage of NDF and the low protein level, it is possible to feed ruminants with this coproduct.

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Para determinar la digestibilidad total aparente de la materia seca (DMS), energía (EDA), y nitrógeno (DAN) de una mezcla de sorgo (MSO) con un complejo enzimático (CE) en dietas para cerdos en crecimiento, se realizó un experimento en dos periodos de ocho días cada uno. Se utilizaron 24 cerdos (35 kg de peso vivo) distribuidos en un diseño de bloques al azar (periodo como bloque) con cuatro dietas y seis cerdos por dieta en un arreglo factorial de tratamientos 2 × 2. Los factores fueron dos ingredientes (MSO y maíz) con o sin CE resultando en las siguientes dietas: basal con maíz (DBM); DBM con la adición del CE (DBM+CE); dieta a base MSO (DMSO) y DMSO+CE. Los cerdos fueron alojados individualmente en jaulas metabólicas para la recolección total de heces. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el programa estadístico PROC MIXED de SAS, aplicando pruebas de ANAVAR, utilizando el procedimiento GLM-Tukey. No se encontró efecto del CE sobre las variables evaluadas. La EDA varió significativamente (P = 0,003) entre los dos ingredientes con valores de 3641,49 ± 42,95 kcal/kg MS y 3540,61 ± 55,82 kcal/kg MS para DBM y DMSO, respectivamente. La DAN fue mayor (P = 0,002) en la DBM (81,75±1,55 %) con respecto a la DMSO (77,06 ± 3,44%). Se concluye que la adición del CE no afectó la DMS, DAN y EDA de la mezcla de granos de sorgo evaluada en dietas para cerdos en crecimiento.

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Con el objetivo de determinar el aporte en nutrientes digestibles para cerdos de dos tipos de sorgo procesados por distintos métodos, se realizó una prueba de digestibilidad fecal aparente (DFA) con cerdos en recría. Se estudiaron seis dietas: T1: maíz molido (MM); T2: sorgo alto tanino (SAT) molido (SATM); T3: SAT extrusado (SATE); T4: silo de grano húmedo de SAT (SSAT); T5: sorgo de bajo tanino (SBT) molido (SBTM); T6: silo de grano húmedo de SBT (SSBT). Se utilizaron 18 cerdos, tres por tratamiento, con un peso promedio de 36,5 kg, alojados en jaulas de digestibilidad individuales. El periodo experimental comprendió siete días de acostumbramiento y cinco de recolección de heces. Se suministraron dos tomas diarias iguales, de una cantidad de materia seca equivalente el 6 % del peso metabólico corporal. Se realizó recolección total de heces. Se determinó la DFA de materia seca (MS), materia orgánica (MO), proteína cruda (PC) y energía bruta (EB). Se estimó el aporte en base seca de Proteína Digestible y Energía Digestible. Los resultados de DFA de MS, MO, PC y EB, en porcentaje, fueron respectivamente, MM: 90,27; 90,18; 81,65; 89,74; SATM: 89,45; 89,29; 73,31; 88,96; SATE: 90,78; 90,64; 81,94; 91,24; SSAT: 83,58; 83,41; 49,11; 83,22; SBTM: 91,23; 91,09; 72,63; 90,83; SSBT: 93,16; 93,05; 83,55; 92,78. Se concluye que el SBTM, el SSBT y el SATE tienen un valor nutritivo equivalente al maíz.

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Avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes disponibilidades hídricas sobre as características morfogênicas de capim-sudão BRS Estribo.

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Sementes de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) cv. EA-955 foram condicionadas em latas de metal vedadas, sacos de pano e de polipropileno e armazenadas sob condicoes naturais, em quatro localidades do Estado do Ceara: Fortaleza, Quixada, Morada Nova e Ubajara, com o objetivo de determinar a influencia da embalagem do local e do periodo de armazenamento sobre a qua qualidade fisiologica. Mensalmente, foi determinado o teor de umidade das smentes, e a cada dois meses a qualidade das sementes era avaliada por meio de testes de germinacao, vigor (comprimento da raiz) e peso seco de plantulas. Utilizou-se um delineamento no esquema fatorial, no qual os fatores eram cinco periodos de armazenamento (0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 meses) e tres tipos de embalagem (lata, pano, polipropileno), com quatro repeticoes. Durante o periodo de armazenamento, observou-se ser a lata de metal a embalagem que melhor preserva a qualidade das sementes. No que se refere aos locais, constatou-se que as smentes armazenadas um Ubajara mostraram melhor qualidade do que as sementes estocadas nas outras localidades.

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A oportunidade de utilização do sorgo biomassa como fonte para cogeração de energia nas usinas de cana-de-açúcar, durante o período de descanso desta cultura, permitiu à Embrapa Milho e Sorgo estabelecer um trabalho integrado com a indústria de máquinas para viabilizar a produção extensiva, principalmente na colheita mecânica, com a empresa Case New Holland, de Sorocaba-SP. Este trabalho foi muito importante para resolver um dos gargalos do sistema de produção do sorgo, que vinha utilizando as colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar, com modificações no arranjo das linhas de plantio, e com baixo rendimento. A possibilidade de utilização de uma forrageira, com alta capacidade operacional, entre 140 e 160 t/ha, com o arranjo de plantas normal, sem modificações, indicava ser um grande potencial para testes com o híbrido BRS 716, que vem demonstrando excelentes produtividades de massa verde, entre 120 e 150 t/ha, em um curto período de 150 a 180 dias. Este trabalho apresenta resultados inéditos no mundo, por sermos pioneiros com a cultura do sorgo biomassa, e teve a participação da Usina Santa Vitória, em Santa Vitória-MG, da empresa Energias Renováveis do Brasil - ERB; e da Usina Rio Vermelho, em Dracena-SP, que plantaram grandes áreas para testes dos sistemas de produção, além da Embrapa Meio Ambiente, em Jaguariúna, SP, com uma área de testes, de 5 ha.

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O sorgo produz bem em condições ambientais adversas, como a seca. A cultura do sorgo tem sido uma boa opção para produção de grãos e forragem nas situações em que o falta de água oferece maiores riscos para outras culturas, como o milho. Outra vantagem do sorgo é sua baixa suscetibilidade a micotoxinas (problema comum no milho), o que confere a este cereal grande aceitação para composição de rações para animais domésticos, suínos e aves, que são muito sensíveis à presença de micotoxinas. O agrônomo e pesquisador da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Cícero Beserra de Menezes, traz mais informações sobre o Sorgo: estenda sua safrinha com segurança.

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O sorgo contribui com 10 a 12% da área total cultivada para silagem no Brasil e se destaca por apresentar produtividade de matéria seca mais elevada que a do milho. O pesquisador Fernando Lucas Torres Mesquita, do Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco, mostra como produzir este alimento aos ovinos e caprinos, principalmente na época da seca.