Year-to-year changes of vertical temperature distribution in the California Current region: 1954 to 1986

Studies by Enfield and Allen (1980), McLain et al (1985), and others have shown that anomalously warm years in the northern coastal California Current correspond to El Niño conditions in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Ocean model studies suggest a mechanical link between the northern coastal California Current and the equatorial ocean through long waves that propagate cyclonically along the ocean boundary (McCreary 1976; Clarke 1983; Shriver et al 1991). However, distinct observational evidence of such an oceanic connection is not extensive. Much of the supposed El Niño variation in temperature and sea level data from the coastal California Current region can be associated with the effects of anomalously intense north Pacific atmospheric cyclogenesis, which is frequently augmented during El Niño years (Wallace and Gutzler 1981; Simpson 1983; Emery and Hamilton 1984). This study uses time series of ocean temperature data to distinguish between locally forced effects, initiated by north Pacific atmospheric changes, and remotely forced effects, initiated by equatorial Pacific atmospheric changes related to El Niño events.

Phytoplankton distribution in the coastal waters off Porbandar (Saurashtra)

Phytoplankton population (3.37-56.09 x 10 super(4) cells/1) and pigments (chil. a 1.10-26.8 mg/m super(3)) in the waters off Porbandar indicated wide variations. Higher cell counts and lower diversity of species were encountered in the nearshore waters as compared to the waters of the seaward side. The concentration of dissolved oxygen was correlated with the phytoplankton population and pigments. 71 species belonging to 28 genera of algae were recorded. Species of Nitzschia were dominant almost at all stations. Species of Chaetoceros were very common along the middle and western transects.

Rotifera from Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 3. New species and records with a list of Rotifera recorded and their distribution in different habitats from Sri Lanka

In two previous papers, the Eurotatorian fauna of Sri Lanka has been systematically dealt with. Description of 104 species is given in the previous papers. In the present study an additional twenty-two species are described. Of these two are new. The composition of the Sri Lanka Rotifera is discussed in relation to the fauna of other parts of the world. The distribution of the species in different types of habitats is studied on the basis of samples. A complete list of all Rotifera recorded from Sri Lanka so far is given for easy reference. Examples of localities where species were collected are also given.

Eco-biology of Mastacembelus pancalus (Ham.) and their distribution in different water bodies

The eco-biological of the spiny eel, Mastacembelus pailcalus in the river Padma, adjacent flood plains and ponds were influenced by various physico-chemical factors such as water temperature, water transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide and alkalinity. Flood plain areas are the best habitat for the M. pancalus with maximum abundance.

Lipid distribution in body and skin of four species of marine fish

The paper presents results of a study on the analytical characteristics of lipids from the skin and muscle of four important species of Gujarat coast fishes. Changes in characteristics like saponification value, iodine value and unsaponifiable matter of these lipids during different months of the year are also reported.

mtDNA haplogroup distribution in Chinese patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and G11778A mutation

Mitochondrial DNA background has been shown to be involved in the penetrance of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) in western Eurasian populations. To analyze mtDNA haplogroup distribution pattern in Han Chinese patients with LHON and G11778A muta

Everywhere and nowhere: nearshore software development in the context of globalisation

Offshore software development has been identified as one of the most striking manifestations of contemporary globalisation and as evidence of placelessness, the idea that information and communication technologies have rendered location irrelevant. Research in the International Business and Information Systems fields, in contrast, has suggested that all locations are not equal and has identified a number of characteristics that may influence the attractiveness of a location for multinational investment and offshoring, respectively. These literatures, however, focus almost exclusively on quantitative, economic characteristics that are seen as fixed and applying uniformly throughout a whole country. They therefore offer little guidance on the suitability of particular locations as offshoring destinations, especially in countries without a track record in offshore software development. Drawing on two cases of nearshore software development centres set up by offshore service providers in the Caribbean, this paper illustrates that, while the initial decision to establish the ventures reflected a logic of placelessness, characteristics of these particular locations affected their subsequent success. Through the findings, we therefore develop a typology of espoused, unanticipated and remediable locational characteristics, which illustrates that locational attractiveness may vary significantly within countries and that offshore service providers and government agencies can modify locational characteristics to their advantage.

On the applicability of the lognormal distribution in random dynamical systems

This paper is concerned with the probability density function of the energy of a random dynamical system subjected to harmonic excitation. It is shown that if the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the system conform to the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble, then under common types of loading the distribution of the energy of the response is approximately lognormal, providing the modal overlap factor is high (typically greater than two). In contrast, it is shown that the response of a system with Poisson natural frequencies is not approximately lognormal. Numerical simulations are conducted on a plate system to validate the theoretical findings and good agreement is obtained. Simulations are also conducted on a system made from two plates connected with rotational springs to demonstrate that the theoretical findings can be extended to a built-up system. The work provides a theoretical justification of the commonly used empirical practice of assuming that the energy response of a random system is lognormal.

Electroluminescence analysis and simulation of the effects of injection and temperature on carrier distribution in InGaN-based light-emitting diodes with color-coded quantum wells

This paper reports on an extensive analysis of the electroluminescence characteristics of InGaN-based LEDs with color-coded structure, i.e., with a triple quantum well structure in which each quantum well has a different indium content. The analysis is based on combined electroluminescence measurements and two-dimensional simulations, carried out at different current and temperature levels. Results indicate that (i) the efficiency of each of the quantum wells strongly depends on device operating conditions (current and temperature); (ii) at low current and temperature levels, only the quantum well closer to the p-side has a significant emission; (iii) emission from the other quantum wells is favored at high current levels. The role of carrier injection, hole mobility, carrier density and non-radiative recombination in determining the relative intensity of the quantum wells is discussed in the text. © 2013 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.