825 resultados para social conditions


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Lâobjectif principal de ce mémoire est de vérifier lâeffet modérateur du soutien social hors-travail sur la relation entre les conditions de lâorganisation du travail et lâépuisement professionnel. Dans un deuxième temps, nous cherchons aussi à déterminer lâeffet direct que peut entretenir chacune des variables sur le niveau dâépuisement professionnel. Pour nous aider à réaliser notre recherche nous avons utilisé des données secondaires provenant de lâÃquipe de Recherche sur le Travail et la Santé Mentale, qui sont basées sur un échantillon de 410 travailleurs (civil et policier) du Service de Police de la Ville de Montréal (SPVM) atteint de décembre 2008 à février 2009. Les analyses multivariées réalisées ont révélé que plusieurs facteurs du travail ont une influence sur le niveau dâépuisement professionnel des employés du SPVM. En effet, lâutilisation des compétences, lâautorité décisionnelle et le soutien social au travail sont trois facteurs du travail qui agissent comme protecteur contre lâépuisement professionnel. à lâinverse, les demandes psychologiques, les demandes contractuelles (câest-à-dire les horaires de travail irréguliers ou imprévisibles), la supervision abusive ainsi que le conflit travail-famille sont quatre autres facteurs du travail qui font augmenter significativement le niveau dâépuisement professionnel. De plus, nos résultats soutiennent que le fait de vivre en couple, de ne pas avoir dâenfant, de vivre un conflit famille-travail et dâavoir un score élevé au trait de personnalité amabilité sont tout autant de caractéristiques associées à un haut niveau dâépuisement professionnel.Parallèlement, les analyses multivariées nâont pas permis de confirmer le lien modérateur du soutien social hors-travail sur la relation entre les conditions de lâorganisation du travail et lâépuisement professionnel.

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One of the distinctive characteristics of the water supply system of Greater Amman, the capital of Jordan, is that it has been based on a regime of rationing since 1987, with households receiving water once a week for various durations. This reflects the fact that while Amman's recent growth has been phenomenal, Jordan is one of the ten most water-scarce nations on earth. Amman is highly polarised socio-economically, and by means of household surveys conducted in both high- and low-income divisions of the city, the aim has been to provide detailed empirical evidence concerning the storage and use if water, the strategies used by households to manage water and overall satisfactions with water supply issues, looking specifically at issues of social equity. The analysis demonstrates the social costs of water rationing and consequent household management to be high, as well as emphasising that issues of water quality are of central importance to all consumers.

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Background: In an aging population an increasing number of elderly caregivers will be called upon to provide care over a long period, during which time they will be burdened both by caregiving and by the physiological effects of their own aging. Among them there will be more aged male caregivers, who will probably be less prepared than women to become caregivers. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between caregivers' gender, age, family income, living arrangements and social support as independent variables, and depressive symptoms, comorbidities, level of frailty, grip strength, walking speed and social isolation, as dependent variables. Methods: 176 elderly people (123 women) were selected from a sample of a population-based study on frailty (n = 900), who had cared for a spouse (79.3%) and/or parents (31.4%) in the past five years (mean age = 71.8 +/- 4.86 years; mean monthly family income in minimum wages = 4.64 +/- 5.14). The study used questionnaires and self-report scales, grip strength and walking speed tests. Results: 65% of participants evaluated caregiving as being very stressful. Univariate analyses of regression showed low family income as a risk factor for depression; being female and low perceived social support as a risk for comorbidities; being 80 years of age and above for low grip strength; and being male for social isolation indicated by discontinuity of activities and social roles. In multivariate analyses of regression, poverty arose as a risk factor for depression and being female for comorbidities. Conclusions: Gender roles, age, income and social support interacted with physical and emotional health, and with the continuity of social participation of elderly caregivers. Special attention must be given to male caregivers.