Leitura recombinativa generalizada após procedimentos de correção com fading em pessoas com atraso no desenvolvimento cognitivo

Estudos têm investigado a aplicação de procedimentos de correção, como o ensino de cópia, ditado e oralização na promoção da leitura recombinativa em pessoas com e sem atraso no desenvolvimento cognitivo. A utilização de técnicas de apoio, como o fading, ainda não foram testadas nesses procedimentos como mais uma variável que poderia estar favorecendo de forma imediata, a leitura recombinativa generalizada. A presente pesquisa relata dois estudos. O estudo 1 com duas etapas, tendo como participantes dois alunos com atraso do desenvolvimento cognitivo. Na Etapa A, os alunos foram submetidos ao ensino das relações entre palavras ditadas e palavras impressas (AC) e em seguida, aos testes de equivalência entre figuras e palavras impressas (BC) e palavras impressas e figuras (CB). Após estes testes, foram aplicados os testes de leitura das palavras de ensino (MALA, PATO e BOCA) e das palavras de generalização (formadas a partir da recombinação entre as sílabas das palavras de ensino). Os participantes apresentaram apenas a leitura das palavras de ensino, após ter sido documentado a formação de classes de equivalência entre figuras, palavras ditadas e palavras impressas. Em seguida, foram aplicadas as sondas de controle pelas unidades silábicas, e após essas sondas, aplicou-se um procedimento de correção com destaque das sílabas específicas (sílabas identificadas após a aplicação das sondas de controle pelas unidades silábicas) durante o ensino de combinado de cópia, ditado e oralização. Após quatro exposições ao procedimento de correção, os participantes continuaram a apresentar somente a leitura das palavras de ensino. Na Etapa B, introduziu-se, no procedimento de correção, um fading in nas sílabas específicas. O participante MAR apresentou a leitura correta de todas as palavras de generalização após a segunda aplicação do procedimento de correção e o participante CLA após a terceira aplicação. Os participantes apresentaram a transferência de função para as novas formas verbais AB, AC, BC, CB, AB, AC, BC e CB. Estes resultados indicaram a necessidade de avaliar os dois procedimentos de correção de forma isolada. No Estudo 2, foram selecionados dois participantes com atraso no desenvolvimento cognitivo. Foi aplicado o mesmo delineamento experimental do Estudo 1, sendo que um participante foi submetido ao procedimento de correção e um outro, ao procedimento de correção com fading in. O participante FER foi submetido a procedimento de correção com fading in e o participante JOS ao procedimento de correção com destaque das silabas. Os dois participantes apresentaram a leitura recombinativa generalizada após a condução do procedimento de correção com fading in. Apresentaram ainda a transferência de função para as novas formas verbais AB, AC, BC, CB, AB, AC, BC e CB. Os resultados sugerem que o procedimento com fading in favorece de forma imediata a leitura recombinativa generalizada em pessoas com atraso no desenvolvimento cognitivo.

Determination of lead in eye shadow and blush by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry employing directSolid sampling

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Persistent luminescence fading in Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,R3+ materials: a thermoluminescence study

The fading of persistent luminescence in Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,R3+ (R: Y, La-Nd, Sm-Lu) was studied combining thermoluminescence (TL) and room temperature (persistent) luminescence measurements to gain more information on the mechanism of persistent luminescence. The TL glow curves showed the main trap signal at ca. 80 degrees C, corresponding to 0.6 eV as the trap depth, with every R co-dopant. The TL measurements carried out with different irradiation times revealed the general order nature of the TL bands. The results obtained from the deconvolutions of the glow curves allowed the prediction of the fading of persistent luminescence with good accuracy, though only when using the Becquerel decay law. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America

A light in the shadow: the use of Lucifer Yellow technique to demonstrate nectar reabsorption

Abstract Background Nectar reabsorption is a widely known phenomenon, related to the strategy of resource-recovery and also to maintain the nectar homeostasis at the nectary. The method currently performed to demonstrate nectar being reabsorbed involves the use of radioactive tracers applied to the nectary. Although this method works perfectly, it is complex and requires specific supplies and equipment. Therefore, here we propose an efficient method to obtain a visual demonstration of nectar reabsorption, adapting the use of Lucifer Yellow CH (LYCH), a fluorescent membrane-impermeable dye that can enter the vacuole by endocytosis. Results We applied a LYCH solution to the floral nectary (FN) of Cucurbita pepo L., which is a species known for its ability of nectar reabsorption, and to the extrafloral nectary (EFN) of Passiflora edulis Sims which does not reabsorb the secreted nectar. In all tests performed, we observed that LYCH stained the nectary tissues differentially according to the reabsorption ability of the nectary. The treated FN of C. pepo presented a concentrated fluorescence at the epidermis that decreased at the deeper nectary parenchyma, until reaching the vascular bundles, indicating nectar reabsorption in the flowers of the species. In contrast, treated EFN of P. edulis presented fluorescence only at the cuticle surface, indicating that nectar is not reabsorbed by that particular tissue. Conclusion LYCH is an efficient marker to demonstrate nectar reabsorption.

Analisi del protocollo Tor e del simulatore Shadow

L’obiettivo che si pone questa tesi è quello di analizzare alcune soluzioni esistenti riguardo i problemi riguardanti privacy e sicurezza informatica. Nello specifico sarà illustrato il programma Tor, un sistema di comunicazione grazie al quale si garantisce l’anonimato in Internet. Sponsorizzato inizialmente dall’US Naval Research Laboratory, all’origine veniva utilizzato per poter effettuare comunicazioni militari criptate; è stato successivamente un progetto della Electronic Frontier Foundation ed ora è gestito da The Tor Project, un’associazione senza scopo di lucro che si occupa del relativo sviluppo. Le ricerche e gli sviluppi riguardanti questa tecnologia vengono tuttavia resi difficili da problemi di scalabilità e dalla difficoltà di riprodurre risultati affidabili. Nel corso della tesi saranno illustrati gli studi riguardanti il simulatore Shadow, un progetto Open Source gestito da The Tor Project, che permette la simulazione del protocollo Tor. I risultati ottenuti dai test effettuati sul simulatore, possono essere riapplicati in seguito alla rete reale Tor, poiché grazie a Shadow è possibile testare ed ottenere risultati attendibili circa il comportamento e la corretta esecuzione del software Tor.

Coded slotted aloha with multipacket reception over block fading channels (for satellite networks)

Random access (RA) protocols are normally used in a satellite networks for initial terminal access and are particularly effective since no coordination is required. On the other hand, contention resolution diversity slotted Aloha (CRDSA), irregular repetition slotted Aloha (IRSA) and coded slotted Aloha (CSA) has shown to be more efficient than classic RA schemes as slotted Aloha, and can be exploited also when short packets transmissions are done over a shared medium. In particular, they relies on burst repetition and on successive interference cancellation (SIC) applied at the receiver. The SIC process can be well described using a bipartite graph representation and exploiting tools used for analyze iterative decoding. The scope of my Master Thesis has been to described the performance of such RA protocols when the Rayleigh fading is taken into account. In this context, each user has the ability to correctly decode a packet also in presence of collision and when SIC is considered this may result in multi-packet reception. Analysis of the SIC procedure under Rayleigh fading has been analytically derived for the asymptotic case (infinite frame length), helping the analysis of both throughput and packet loss rates. An upper bound of the achievable performance has been analytically obtained. It can be show that in particular channel conditions the throughput of the system can be greater than one packets per slot which is the theoretical limit of the Collision Channel case.

Response to Innes and Mattsson: Neospora caninum emerges from the shadow of Toxoplasma gondii

It is tempting to extrapolate research findings regarding the intensively studied Toxoplasma gondii to Neospora caninum. This is based on morphological and ultrastructural studies, the molecular phylogeny of both parasites, their wide host ranges in nature, their ability to invade many different cell types in vitro and the occurrence of homologous proteins in both species. However, as Innes and Mattsson point out, T. gondii is the most successful parasite worldwide, whereas N. caninum has a more limited host range. Thus, some of the most challenging questions are: (i) what is T. gondii doing that N. caninum is not doing, or is doing differently, that renders the former so much more successful? And (ii) can some of these features be exploited for the development of interventional tools to limit infection and pathology caused by N. caninum?

Fading pdf of free-space optical communication system with pointing error

A free-space optical (FSO) laser communication system with perfect fast-tracking experiences random power fading due to atmospheric turbulence. For a FSO communication system without fast-tracking or with imperfect fast-tracking, the fading probability density function (pdf) is also affected by the pointing error. In this thesis, the overall fading pdfs of FSO communication system with pointing errors are calculated using an analytical method based on the fast-tracked on-axis and off-axis fading pdfs and the fast-tracked beam profile of a turbulence channel. The overall fading pdf is firstly studied for the FSO communication system with collimated laser beam. Large-scale numerical wave-optics simulations are performed to verify the analytically calculated fading pdf with collimated beam under various turbulence channels and pointing errors. The calculated overall fading pdfs are almost identical to the directly simulated fading pdfs. The calculated overall fading pdfs are also compared with the gamma-gamma (GG) and the log-normal (LN) fading pdf models. They fit better than both the GG and LN fading pdf models under different receiver aperture sizes in all the studied cases. Further, the analytical method is expanded to the FSO communication system with beam diverging angle case. It is shown that the gamma pdf model is still valid for the fast-tracked on-axis and off-axis fading pdfs with point-like receiver aperture when the laser beam is propagated with beam diverging angle. Large-scale numerical wave-optics simulations prove that the analytically calculated fading pdfs perfectly fit the overall fading pdfs for both focused and diverged beam cases. The influence of the fast-tracked on-axis and off-axis fading pdfs, the fast-tracked beam profile, and the pointing error on the overall fading pdf is also discussed. At last, the analytical method is compared with the previous heuristic fading pdf models proposed since 1970s. Although some of previously proposed fading pdf models provide close fit to the experiment and simulation data, these close fits only exist under particular conditions. Only analytical method shows accurate fit to the directly simulated fading pdfs under different turbulence strength, propagation distances, receiver aperture sizes and pointing errors.