Análise de pedigree e estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para características de importância econômica em bovinos Tabapuã

Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV

Microsatellite markers for Bokermannohyla species (Anura, Hylidae) from the Brazilian Cerrado and Atlantic Forest domains

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Accuracy of genotype imputation in Nelore cattle

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Heritability of Growth traits in fragmented popularions of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae)

The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic control of growth traits in the initial phases of development in fragmented populations of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf., using microsatellite markers. For the effect two populations of C. langsdorffii were used: a municipal park located in Sao Jose do Rio Preto (SJRP) and at Assis Ecological Station (AES), both in the state of sao Paulo, Brazil. The model to estimate the heritability coefficient is the method of regression of a measure of phenotypic similarity and an estimate of kinship between paired individuals. The coefficients of relatedness and heritability were estimated for three classes of distance (10, 20 and 30 m) within populations. Estimates of heritability were low (maximum 0.15) for all traits, ranging from positive values for regenerating individuals of the population SJRP and from negative to positive for the juvenile population AES. In evolutionary terms, these results indicate little chance of changing the population mean of the characters studied by natural selection; with strong random environmental effects changing this average. The results also suggest that the heritability for height to decrease between regenerating to juvenile stage and the natural selection in natural populations is stronger in the early stages of plant development.

Advanced Molecular Surveillance of Hepatitis C Virus

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Phylogenetic signal and major ecological shifts in the ecomorphological structure of stream fish in two river basins in Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Genomic analysis for managing small and endangered populations: a case study in Tyrol Grey cattle

Analysis of genomic data is increasingly becoming part of the livestock industry. Therefore, the routine collection of genomic information would be an invaluable resource for effective management of breeding programs in small, endangered populations. The objective of the paper was to demonstrate how genomic data could be used to analyse (1) linkage disequlibrium (LD), LD decay and the effective population size (NeLD); (2) Inbreeding level and effective population size (NeROH) based on runs of homozygosity (ROH); (3) Prediction of genomic breeding values (GEBV) using small within-breed and genomic information from other breeds. The Tyrol Grey population was used as an example, with the goal to highlight the potential of genomic analyses for small breeds. In addition to our own results we discuss additional use of genomics to assess relatedness, admixture proportions, and inheritance of harmful variants. The example data set consisted of 218 Tyrol Grey bull genotypes, which were all available AI bulls in the population. After standard quality control restrictions 34,581 SNPs remained for the analysis. A separate quality control was applied to determine ROH levels based on Illumina GenCall and Illumina GenTrain scores, resulting into 211 bulls and 33,604 SNPs. LD was computed as the squared correlation coefficient between SNPs within a 10 mega base pair (Mb) region. ROHs were derived based on regions covering at least 4, 8, and 16 Mb, suggesting that animals had common ancestors approximately 12, 6, and 3 generations ago, respectively. The corresponding mean inbreeding coefficients (F ROH) were 4.0% for 4 Mb, 2.9% for 8 Mb and 1.6% for 16 Mb runs. With an average generation interval of 5.66 years, estimated NeROH was 125 (NeROH>16 Mb), 186 (NeROH>8 Mb) and 370 (NeROH>4 Mb) indicating strict avoidance of close inbreeding in the population. The LD was used as an alternative method to infer the population history and the Ne. The results show a continuous decrease in NeLD, to 780, 120, and 80 for 100, 10, and 5 generations ago, respectively. Genomic selection was developed for and is working well in large breeds. The same methodology was applied in Tyrol Grey cattle, using different reference populations. Contrary to the expectations, the accuracy of GEBVs with very small within breed reference populations were very high, between 0.13-0.91 and 0.12-0.63, when estimated breeding values and deregressed breeding values were used as pseudo-phenotypes, respectively. Subsequent analyses confirmed the high accuracies being a consequence of low reliabilities of pseudo-phenotypes in the validation set, thus being heavily influenced by parent averages. Multi-breed and across breed reference sets gave inconsistent and lower accuracies. Genomic information may have a crucial role in management of small breeds, even if its primary usage differs from that of large breeds. It allows to assess relatedness between individuals, trends in inbreeding and to take decisions accordingly. These decisions would be based on the real genome architecture, rather than conventional pedigree information, which can be missing or incomplete. We strongly suggest the routine genotyping of all individuals that belong to a small breed in order to facilitate the effective management of endangered livestock populations.

Epidemiologia molecular do vírus da Hepatite C: análise comparativa de diferentes regiões subgenômicas aplicadas a estudos de associação genética

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Auto/não-auto discriminação de raízes e o reconhecimento parental de Eucalyptus urophylla sob diferentes condições ambientais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estrutura genômica de uma população de suínos base Landrace

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estrutura populacional e análise de variabilidade genética em rebanhos ovinos brasileiros

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS

Medida do grau de relacionamento entre estímulos equivalentes

Este estudo apresenta um procedimento para verificar a existência de "graus de relacionamento" diferentes entre estímulos equivalentes por meio de uma medida quantitativa de compartilhamento de funções. Dois grupos de estudantes universitários participaram do estudo. Os participantes do grupo experimental estabeleceram classes de equivalência entre figuras abstratas e fotografias de faces expressando alegria, raiva e nojo. Em seguida, avaliaram algumas das figuras abstratas usando um instrumento de diferencial semântico. O mesmo instrumento foi utilizado na avaliação das faces e figuras pelos participantes do grupo controle, não treinados a estabelecer relações entre esses estímulos. Esses últimos participantes avaliaram as figuras como neutras e as avaliações que fizeram das faces corresponderam às avaliações das figuras equivalentes a elas feitas pelos participantes do grupo experimental. A comparação entre os valores atribuídos às faces e às figuras dá uma medida quantitativa do grau de relacionamento entre esses estímulos e essa medida pode ser usada no estudo de parâmetros da formação de classes como o número de nódulos.

Characterization of a monothiol glutaredoxin encoded by Chlorella virus PBCV-1

Annotation of the 330-kb Chlorella virus PBCV-1 genome identified a 237 nucleotide gene (a438l) that codes for a protein with ~35% amino acid identity to glutaredoxins (Grx) found in other organisms. The PBCV-1 protein resembles classical Grxs in both size (9 kDa) and location of the active site (N-terminus). However, the PBCV-1 Grx is unusual because it contains a monothiol active site (CPYS) rather than the typical dithiol active site (CPYC). To examine this unique active site, four sitespecific mutants (CPYC, CPYA, SPYC, and SPYS) were constructed to determine if the N-terminal cysteine is necessary for enzyme activity. Wild type and both mutants containing N-terminal cysteines catalyzed the reduction of disulfides in a coupled system with GSH, NADPH, and glutathione reductase. However, both mutants with an altered N-terminal cysteine were inactive. The grx gene is common in the Chlorella viruses. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the PBCV-1 enzyme support its relatedness to those from other Chlorella viruses and yet demonstrate the divergence of the Grx molecule.

Genetic Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Bioenergy Traits, and The Assessment of Genetic Variability in Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.). Moench)

Sweet sorghum, a botanical variety of sorghum is a potential source of bioenergy because high sugar levels accumulate in its stalks. The objectives of this study were to explore the global diversity of sweet sorghum germplasm, and map the genomic regions that are associated with bioenergy traits. In assessing diversity, 142 sweet sorghum accessions were evaluated with three marker types (SSR, SRAP, and morphological markers) to determine the degree of relatedness among the accessions. The traits measured (anthesis date [AD], plant height [PH], biomass yield [BY], and moisture content [MC]) were all significantly different (P<0.05) among accessions. Morphological marker clustered the accessions into five groups based on PH, MC and AD. The three traits accounted for 92.5% of the variation. There were four and five groups based on SRAP and SSR data respectively classifying accessions mainly on their origin or breeding history. The observed difference between SSR and SRAP based clusters could be attributed to the difference in marker type. SSRs amplify any region of the genome whereas SRAP amplify the open reading frames and promoter regions. Comparing the three marker-type clusters, the markers complimented each other in grouping accessions and would be valuable in assisting breeders to select appropriate lines for crossing. In evaluating QTLs that are associated with bioenergy traits, 165 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were planted at four environments in Nebraska. A genetic linkage map constructed spanned a length of 1541.3 cM, and generated 18 linkage groups that aligned to the 10 sorghum chromosomes. Fourteen QTLs (6 for brix, 3 for BY, 2 each for AD and MC, and 1 for PH) were mapped. QTLs for the traits that were significantly correlated, colocalized in two clusters on linkage group Sbi01b. Both parents contributed beneficial alleles for most of traits measured, supporting the transgressive segregation in this population. Additional work is needed on exploiting the usefulness of chromosome 1 in breeding sorghum for bioenergy.

Estrutura populacional e análise de variabilidade genética em rebanhos ovinos brasileiros

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS