现代质量管理理论在软件组织的应用

International Software Process Association (ISPA); Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Software (ISCAS); ISCAS Laboratory for Internet Software Technologies (iTechs)

基于ISO9000和CMM的软件质量管理系统的研究

中国计算机学会

具有严格操作语义的图形化软件过程建模研究

``软件危机''，这一始于上世纪~60~年代的概念，始终伴随着软件业的整个历史发展进程。 为了解决该问题，人们逐渐开始借鉴一些传统领域内的管理理论、方法和工具，以期解决软件开发中所面临的问题。其中，更多的是作为一种管理哲学，而不是具体管理方法的全面质量管理（Total Quality Management，TQM），在软件工程领域得到了广泛应用。全面质量管理对于软件工程的影响，一个很重要的方面是促进了软件过程和软件过程改 进的研究、实践。 作为软件过程研究的重要内容，软件过程建模是通过特定的方法对软件过程进行抽象、表示和分析以增加对软件过程的理解，并通过直接或者间接的方式指导实际软件开发活动。为了对软件过程管理活动提供方法和工具支持，人们提出了多种以过程为中心的软件过程工程环境（Process-centered Software Engineering Environment, PSEE），其最终目的是使得实际软件开发活动受软件过程模型的支配。但由于过程模型本身的正确性得不到保证、PSEE中执行的软件过程模型和实际开发过程之间的信息反馈缺乏客观性以及过程模型和实际开发过程之间的抽象层次不同和描述粒度不一致，导致PSEE中执行的软件过程模型和实际开发过程之间经常产生严重的偏差，以至于PSEE对实际开发活动逐渐地失去了支持和指导作用，进而使得投入大量成本所开发的软件过程模型无法发挥其应有的作用。 针对这些问题，本文提出了一种具有严格操作语义的图形化软件过程建模方法。由于在具有图形化表示方式的同时，又具备严格的操作语义，因此基于该方法所描述的软件过程比较易于分析。特别是，通过模型检测技术验证软件过程模型本身的正确性，可以减少由模型错误所导致的不一致；通过比较预定义的过程模型和实际开发过程，可以发现两者间的不一致并及时地消除。同时，具有严格操作语义的软件过程建模方法，可以为软件过程执行提供良好的支持。 首先，本文提出了一种具有严格操作语义的图形化建模语言——TRISO/ML。该语言具有图形化的表示方式，可以更容易地为软件工程人员所接受，以及更好地满足过程表示对易用性和可理解性的需求。该语言同时具有严格的操作语义，可以映射到多元PI演算，从而能够更准确地描述软件过程，避免歧义的产生。更为重要的是，该语言从行为角度出发，能够以一致的方式描述软件过程中的各种实体及其相互间的并发、同步和通信。 其次，在TRISO/ML语言的基础之上，提出了一系列的软件过程分析方法。主要研究如何利用多元PI演算的理论、方法和工具以及软件验证技术，对软件过程进行分析和验证。软件过程分析的研究主要集中在如下两个方面：a）软件过 程模型本身正确性的验证，以确保该模型准确地描述了所希望表达的内容。b）比较两个过程模型是否等价。 然后，基于软件过程移动性概念，研究了如何通过软件过程结构的变化支持过程的动态执行。软件过程移动性概念反映了软件过程执行时，由于软件过程实体的动态交互，导致构成软件过程的实体及其相互间的关系不断地发生变化。 软件过程移动性这一概念的提出，使得软件过程实体之间的关系可以在软件过程执行时动态地确立和调整，软件过程的定义随着过程信息的不断丰富而逐步地细化和明确，从而能够以更灵活的方式支持软件过程的表示和执行。 最后，描述了支持TRISO/ML的原型工具，包括基于TRISO/ML的过程表示、多元PI演算语义描述的自动生成，以及进一步的分析和验证。

可集成的制造执行系统

制造执行系统作为企业上层事务处理和低层设备控制系统之间的中间桥梁 ,在生产计划的优化调度、生产过程的改进等方面起着越来越重要的作用 ,并得到工业界广泛的认可和应用。本文总结了制造执行系统的发展历程和存在的问题 ,简要介绍了制造执行系统的功能、信息交互关系 ,以及信息技术对制造执行系统的冲击 ,进而引入工作流管理技术、智能Agent和面向对象技术 ,提出了可集成制造执行系统的体系结构、运行机制和开发方法 ,并对该系统的市场进行了分析与预测。

渤海造船厂计算机集成制造系统(BS-CIMS)

简介了渤海造船厂计算机集成制造系统（ＢＳ－ＣＩＭＳ）的系统结构，系统组成（工程设计、经营管理、财务管理、生产管理、建造作业和质量管理６个应用分系统），信息分类编码原则，计算机支撑环境，分系统之间信息界面和系统集成方案。

Impacto da certificação NP EN ISO 9001 na satisfação dos clientes

Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Gestão da Qualidade

Community-based Data Validation Practices in Citizen Science

Technology-supported citizen science has created huge volumes of data with increasing potential to facilitate scientific progress, however, verifying data quality is still a substantial hurdle due to the limitations of existing data quality mechanisms. In this study, we adopted a mixed methods approach to investigate community-based data validation practices and the characteristics of records of wildlife species observations that affected the outcomes of collaborative data quality management in an online community where people record what they see in the nature. The findings describe the processes that both relied upon and added to information provenance through information stewardship behaviors, which led to improved reliability and informativity. The likelihood of community-based validation interactions were predicted by several factors, including the types of organisms observed and whether the data were submitted from a mobile device. We conclude with implications for technology design, citizen science practices, and research.

Sistema integrado para empresas de construcción en Cusco

Actualmente las empresas requieren estrategias innovadoras, que permitan gestionar de forma integral, optimizando los recursos y maximizando los resultados. Siendo el objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación, diseñar un instrumento de gestión integral (gestión de la calidad, ambiental, seguridad y salud ocupacional) para el sector construcción en Cusco. Se realizó un análisis actual de la actividad de construcción, se planteó a diferencia de otras propuestas, el diseño que inicia con el diagnóstico, planificación, organización, ejecución, supervisión y optimización del sistema integral. Los resultados están expresados en el diagnóstico de los 3 sistemas, información clave, para el planteamiento y propuesta de las etapas posteriores; estructurando el planteamiento de los subprogramas basados en el diagnóstico integral, para finalmente determinar los lineamientos estratégicos, de implementación, evaluación y verificación del sistema, teniendo en cuenta la norma ISO 9001: 2008, ISO 14001:2004 y OSHAS 18001:2007; así como la legislación vigente para el Perú.

De la cooperativa agroalimentaria a la "learning netchain". Hacia un planteamiento teorico interorganizativo e interpersonal

Se propone un planteamiento teórico/conceptual para determinar si las relaciones interorganizativas e interpersonales de la netchain de las cooperativas agroalimentarias evolucionan hacia una learning netchain. Las propuestas del trabajo muestran que el mayor grado de asociacionismo y la mayor cooperación/colaboración vertical a lo largo de la cadena están positivamente relacionados con la posición horizontal de la empresa focal más cercana del consumidor final. Esto requiere una planificación y una resolución de problemas de manera conjunta, lo que está positivamente relacionado con el mayor flujo y diversidad de la información/conocimiento obtenido y diseminado a lo largo de la netchain. Al mismo tiempo se necesita desarrollar un contexto social en el que fluya la información/conocimiento y las nuevas ideas de manera informal y esto se logra con redes personales y, principalmente, profesionales y con redes internas y, principalmente, externas. Todo esto permitirá una mayor satisfacción de los socios de la cooperativa agroalimentaria y de sus distribuidores y una mayor intensidad en I+D, convirtiéndose la netchain de la cooperativa agroalimentaria, así, en una learning netchain.

Developing a model of innovation implementation for UK SMEs: A path analysis and explanatory case analysis

Continuous large-scale changes in technology and the globalization of markets have resulted in the need for many SMEs to use innovation as a means of seeking competitive advantage where innovation includes both technological and organizational perspectives (Tapscott, 2009). However, there is a paucity of systematic and empirical research relating to the implementation of innovation management in the context of SMEs. The aim of this article is to redress this imbalance via an empirical study created to develop and test a model of innovation implementation in SMEs. This study uses Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to test the plausibility of an innovation model, developed from earlier studies, as the basis of a questionnaire survey of 395 SMEs in the UK. The resultant model and construct relationship results are further probed using an explanatory multiple case analysis to explore ‘how’ and ‘why’ type questions within the model and construct relationships. The findings show that the
effects of leadership, people and culture on innovation implementation are mediated by business improvement activities relating to Total Quality Management/Continuous Improvement (TQM/CI) and product and process developments. It is concluded that SMEs have an opportunity to leverage existing quality and process improvement activities to move beyond continuous
improvement outcomes towards effective innovation implementation. The article concludes by suggesting areas suitable for further research.

Methodologies for traffic profiling in communication networks

Internet Tra c, Internet Applications, Internet Attacks, Tra c Pro ling, Multi-Scale Analysis abstract Nowadays, the Internet can be seen as an ever-changing platform where new and di erent types of services and applications are constantly emerging. In fact, many of the existing dominant applications, such as social networks, have appeared recently, being rapidly adopted by the user community. All these new applications required the implementation of novel communication protocols that present di erent network requirements, according to the service they deploy. All this diversity and novelty has lead to an increasing need of accurately pro ling Internet users, by mapping their tra c to the originating application, in order to improve many network management tasks such as resources optimization, network performance, service personalization and security. However, accurately mapping tra c to its originating application is a di cult task due to the inherent complexity of existing network protocols and to several restrictions that prevent the analysis of the contents of the generated tra c. In fact, many technologies, such as tra c encryption, are widely deployed to assure and protect the con dentiality and integrity of communications over the Internet. On the other hand, many legal constraints also forbid the analysis of the clients' tra c in order to protect their con dentiality and privacy. Consequently, novel tra c discrimination methodologies are necessary for an accurate tra c classi cation and user pro ling. This thesis proposes several identi cation methodologies for an accurate Internet tra c pro ling while coping with the di erent mentioned restrictions and with the existing encryption techniques. By analyzing the several frequency components present in the captured tra c and inferring the presence of the di erent network and user related events, the proposed approaches are able to create a pro le for each one of the analyzed Internet applications. The use of several probabilistic models will allow the accurate association of the analyzed tra c to the corresponding application. Several enhancements will also be proposed in order to allow the identi cation of hidden illicit patterns and the real-time classi cation of captured tra c. In addition, a new network management paradigm for wired and wireless networks will be proposed. The analysis of the layer 2 tra c metrics and the di erent frequency components that are present in the captured tra c allows an e cient user pro ling in terms of the used web-application. Finally, some usage scenarios for these methodologies will be presented and discussed.