A-1A Supplemental Security Income Program, January 2010

A-1A - Supplemental Security Income Program

A-1A Supplemental Security Income Program, February 2010

A-1A - Supplemental Security Income Program

Link between genotype and antimicrobial resistance in bovine mastitis-related Staphylococcus aureus strains, determined by comparing Swiss and French isolates from the Rhône Valley.

Staphylococcus aureus is a major bovine mastitis pathogen. Although the reported antimicrobial resistance was generally low, the emergence of new genetic clusters in bovine mastitis requires examination of the link between antimicrobial resistance and genotypes. Here, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) profiles and standard antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined in order to characterize a total of 343 S. aureus cow mastitis isolates from two geographically close regions of Switzerland and France. AFLP profiles revealed similar population compositions in the two regions, with 4 major clusters (C8, C20, C97, and C151), but the proportions of isolates in each cluster significantly diverged between the two countries (P = 9.2 × 10⁻⁹). Antimicrobial resistance was overall low (< 5% resistance to all therapeutically relevant molecules), with the exception of penicillin resistance, which was detected in 26% of the isolates. Penicillin resistance proportions differed between clusters, with only 1 to 2% of resistance associated with C20 and C151 and up to 70% associated with bovine C97. The prevalence of C20 and C8 was unexpectedly high and requires further investigation into the mechanism of adaptation to the bovine host. The strong association of penicillin resistance with few clusters highlights the fact that the knowledge of local epidemiology is essential for rational choices of antimicrobial treatment in the absence of susceptibility testing. Taken together, these observations argue in favor of more routine scrutiny of antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic-resistant clones in cattle and the farm environment.

A-1A Supplemental Security Income Program, March 2010

A-1A - Supplemental Security Income Program

A-1A Supplemental Security Income Program, April 2010

A-1A - Supplemental Security Income Program

A-1A Supplemental Security Income Program, May 2010

A-1A - Supplemental Security Income Program

A-1A Supplemental Security Income Program, June 2010

A-1A - Supplemental Security Income Program

A-1A Supplemental Security Income Program, July 2010

A-1A - Supplemental Security Income Program

A-1A Supplemental Security Income Program, August 2010

A-1A - Supplemental Security Income Program

A-1A Supplemental Security Income Program, September 2010

A-1A - Supplemental Security Income Program

A-1A Supplemental Security Income Program, October 2010

A-1A - Supplemental Security Income Program

Principi d'unitat familiar i canvi de veïnatge civil per residència. Comentari a la STS, 1a, 14.9.2009

En la línia del que havia apuntat la majoria de la doctrina, la STS de 14.9.2009 considera que des de l¿entrada en vigor de la Constitució espanyola (1978) havia d'entendre's derogada la regla de propagació a l¿esposa del veïnatge civil del marit prevista a l¿art. 14.4 Codi civil espanyol [redacció de 1974]; això suposa que des d¿aleshores la dona casada podia canviar autònomament de veïnatge civil. Partint d'això, en el cas judicat, la dona va canviar de veïnatge civil per residència continuada a Catalunya durant més de deu anys sense declaració en contra (art. 14.3.2n CCe [1974] i 14.5.2n CCe [1990]), veïnatge civil català que mantenia en el moment de la seva mort, malgrat haver realitzat diferents manifestacions -que resulten ineficaces- en el sentit de tenir o de voler conservar el veïnatge civil navarrès.

IL28B polymorphisms leading to poor response to treatment are associated with low necroinflammatory activity and slow fibrosis progression in HCV genotype non-1-infected patients

Background and Aims: Genetic polymorphisms near IL28Bhave been associated with spontaneous and treatment-inducedclearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV). This is believed to proceed viathe appropriate activation of innate and adaptive immune responsestargeting infected hepatocytes. Intrahepatic inflammation is thereflection of the host cell immune response, but its relationshipwith IL28B polymorphisms has yet to be fully appreciated.Methods: We analyzed the association of IL28B polymorphismswith Metavir activity (≥1) and fibrosis scores (≥2) in 1114 HCVinfectedCaucasian patients enrolled in the Swiss Hepatitis C CohortStudy (629, 127, 268 and 110 infected with HCV genotype 1, 2, 3and 4, respectively). In a subgroup of 915 patients with an estimateddate of infection, the association between IL28B polymorphismsand fibrosis progression rate (FPR > median) was assessed. Singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interest were extracted froma dataset generated in a genome-wide association study and/orgenotyped by TaqMan assay. Associations of alleles with differentdegrees of activity and fibrosis were evaluated using an additivemodel of inheritance by multivariate logistic regression, accountingfor all relevant covariates.Results: The rare G allele at marker rs8099917 was associated withlower activity (P = 0.008) and fibrosis (P = 0.01), as well as slower FPR(P = 0.02). Most striking associations were observed among patientsinfected with non-1 genotypes (P = 0.002 for activity, P = 0.002 forfibrosis and P = 0.005 for FPR). In genotype 1-infected patients, theassociation with activity was observed only in the recessive model(P = 0.04), whereas other associations were not significant (P = 0.7for fibrosis and P = 0.4 for FPR).Conclusions: In chronic hepatitis C, IL28B polymorphisms linkedwith a poor virological response to therapy are also associated withreduced intrahepatic necroinflammation and slower liver diseaseprogression. These observations underscore the role played by thehost immune response in clearing HCV, especially in patients withHCV genotypes non-1.