A specimen of metal ornaments cast of the letter foundery of Binney & Ronaldson.

"An exact reproduction of the first type-founder's specimen book issued in America, photographed from the only known complete copy ... in the Typographic library and museum of the American type founders co. at Jersey City ... reproduced in collotype by the Meriden gravure co., Meriden, Connecticut, in an edition of 600 copies, of which 500 are for distribution to members of the American institute of graphic arts."- Note.

Steel castings handbook.

Includes bibliographies.

Essays on Entrepreneurship and Founder Pre-entry Knowledge

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Bayesian inferences on the recent island colonization history by the bird Zosterops lateralis lateralis

The founding of new populations by small numbers of colonists has been considered a potentially important mechanism promoting evolutionary change in island populations. Colonizing species, such as members of the avian species complex Zosterops lateralis, have been used to support this idea. A large amount of background information on recent colonization history is available for one Zosterops subspecies, Z. lateralis lateralis, providing the opportunity to reconstruct the population dynamics of its colonization sequence. We used a Bayesian approach to combine historical and demographic information available on Z. l. lateralis with genotypic data from six microsatellite loci, and a rejection algorithm to make simultaneous inferences on the demographic parameters describing the recent colonization history of this subspecies in four southwest Pacific islands. Demographic models assuming mutation–drift equilibrium or a large number of founders were better supported than models assuming founder events for three of four recently colonized island populations. Posterior distributions of demographic parameters supported (i) a large stable effective population size of several thousands individuals with point estimates around 4000–5000; (ii) a founder event of very low intensity with a large effective number of founders around 150–200 individuals for each island in three of four islands, suggesting the colonization of those islands by one flock of large size or several flocks of average size; and (iii) a founder event of higher intensity on Norfolk Island with an effective number of founders around 20 individuals, suggesting colonization by a single flock of moderate size. Our inferences on demographic parameters, especially those on the number of founders, were relatively insensitive to the precise choice of prior distributions for microsatellite mutation processes and demographic parameters, suggesting that our analysis provides a robust description of the recent colonization history of the subspecies.

Genetic analysis of complex demographic scenarios: Spatially expanding populations of the cane toad, Bufo marinus

Inferring the spatial expansion dynamics of invading species from molecular data is notoriously difficult due to the complexity of the processes involved. For these demographic scenarios, genetic data obtained from highly variable markers may be profitably combined with specific sampling schemes and information from other sources using a Bayesian approach. The geographic range of the introduced toad Bufo marinus is still expanding in eastern and northern Australia, in each case from isolates established around 1960. A large amount of demographic and historical information is available on both expansion areas. In each area, samples were collected along a transect representing populations of different ages and genotyped at 10 microsatellite loci. Five demographic models of expansion, differing in the dispersal pattern for migrants and founders and in the number of founders, were considered. Because the demographic history is complex, we used an approximate Bayesian method, based on a rejection-regression algorithm. to formally test the relative likelihoods of the five models of expansion and to infer demographic parameters. A stepwise migration-foundation model with founder events was statistically better supported than other four models in both expansion areas. Posterior distributions supported different dynamics of expansion in the studied areas. Populations in the eastern expansion area have a lower stable effective population size and have been founded by a smaller number of individuals than those in the northern expansion area. Once demographically stabilized, populations exchange a substantial number of effective migrants per generation in both expansion areas, and such exchanges are larger in northern than in eastern Australia. The effective number of migrants appears to be considerably lower than that of founders in both expansion areas. We found our inferences to be relatively robust to various assumptions on marker. demographic, and historical features. The method presented here is the only robust, model-based method available so far, which allows inferring complex population dynamics over a short time scale. It also provides the basis for investigating the interplay between population dynamics, drift, and selection in invasive species.

Reduced genetic diversity and significant genetic differentiation after translocation: Comparison of the remnant and translocated populations of bridled nailtail wallabies (Onychogalea fraenata)

Loss of genetic diversity and increased population differentiation from source populations are common problems associated with translocation programmes established from captive-bred stock or a small number of founders. The bridled nailtail wallaby is one of the most endangered macropods in Australia, having been reduced to a single remnant population in the last 100 years. A translocated population of bridled nailtail wallabies was established using animals sourced directly from the remnant population (wild-released) as well as the progeny of animals collected for a captive breeding programme (captive-bred). The aims of this study were to compare genetic diversity among released animals and their wild-born progeny to genetic diversity observed in the remnant population, and to monitor changes in genetic diversity over time as more animals were released into the population. Heterozygosity did not differ between the translocated and remnant population; however, allelic diversity was significantly reduced across all released animals and their wild-born progeny. Animals bred in captivity and their wild-born progeny were also significantly differentiated from the source population after just four generations. Wild-released animals, however, were representative of the source population and several alleles were unique to this group. Both heterozygosity and allelic diversity among translocated animals decreased over time with the additional release of captive-bred animals, as no new genetic stock was added to the population. Captive breeding programmes can provide large numbers of animals for release, but this study highlights the importance of sourcing animals directly from remnant populations in order to maintain genetic diversity and minimise genetic drift.

IGREJA DE CRISTO PENTECOSTAL NO BRASIL fundação, re(d)ação e teologia no contexto brasileiro de 1934 a 1986

O objetivo desse trabalho é investigar a compreensão do papel da Igreja e do fiel no mundo segundo as publicações da Igreja de Cristo Pentecostal no Brasil (ICPB) e interpreta os resul-tados em diálogo com o contexto social, cultural, econômico, político e religioso do Brasil da época. Como recorte temporal propõem-se os anos 1934-1986, o que contempla a época da chegada dos/as fundadores/as, Horace e Carolyn Ward, Chester e Rachel Miller e Annie e Russel Frew, vindos dos Estados Unidos; a época de Ernst Grimm, um pregador estoniano; e a época de José Pinto de Oliveira, primeiro brasileiro eleito superintendente geral. A ênfase nestas personalidades se torna também plausível por serem durante este tempo os principais escritores da igreja, autores e autoras dos textos a serem interpretados neste trabalho. A hipó-tese desse trabalho é que, paralelo à ascensão da liderança brasileira, ocorre uma crescente sen-sibilização para questões sociais, apesar de que esta dinâmica seja interrompida com o surgi-mento da ditadura militar a partir de 1964, mas, retomada já na década setenta do século pas-sado. Como método propõe-se a analisar o ensino teológico-doutrinário encontrado em publi-cações oficiais da ICPB, tais como os seus jornais oficiais, brasileiro e estadunidense, as suas edições da revista da Escola Dominical, as suas atas de convenções gerais, bem como livros e anotações e rascunhos de autoria dos/as pioneiros/as acima mencionados/as. Conclua-se que as teologias e análises do contexto encontradas nas publicações, justificam uma compreensão mais diversificada: por um lado, evidencia-se, em termos religiosos e políticos, uma maior pro-ximidade entre as posições defendidas pelos autores e as correntes mais conservadoras (ou até reacionárias) do país. Por outro lado, transparecem ao lado desse discurso dominante aborda-gens dissonantes e com o potencial de servirem de ponto de partida para uma atuação da ICPB e da sua membresia mais relevante na sociedade, inclusive a denuncia da injustiça socio-econômica, e que estes respectivos discursos são encontrados mais entre lideranças nacionais.

REDENÇÃO, LIBERDADE E SERVIÇO: A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DO PENSAMENTO DE ELLEN GOULD WHITE PARA UMA PRÁXIS EDUCACIONAL LIBERTADORA

O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi descrever e analisar os conceitos de redenção, liberdade e serviço nos escritos de Ellen Gould White (1827-1915), uma das fundadoras da Igreja Adventista do Sétimo Dia, refletindo sobre as implicações para a práxis educacional. Foram propostos quatro objetivos específicos, cada um dos quais se transformou num dos capítulos desta tese. Esses capítulos foram norteados por três hipóteses. A primeira sugeria que Ellen White apresenta características que a configuram como uma pensadora liminar , que viveu na fronteira . Usando teorias de Walter Mignolo, Boaventura de Souza Santos e Gloria Anzaldúa, observou-se que em Ellen White há traços de liminaridade, manifestos numa vida e discursos diferentes, que algumas vezes contrariaram o pensamento da maioria dominante, mas que se demonstraram positivos para a denominação. A segunda hipótese deste trabalho dizia respeito à existência de três possíveis eixos que norteiam a noção whiteana de educação: redenção, liberdade e serviço. O que antes era apenas uma aposta confirmou-se pela leitura e análise de obras fundamentais de White. De modo que a compreensão plena da noção whiteana de educação requer uma reflexão articulada desses três temas. Ou seja, não é suficiente que haja uma leitura separada deles ou mesmo uma abordagem justaposta. É necessário articulação. Finalmente, a terceira hipótese dizia que se o tema da liberdade está presente de maneira convincente nos escritos de Ellen White, então se pode pensar que sua filosofia educacional e consequentemente a práxis pedagógica é diretamente condicionada por essa abordagem. O que pode ser dito ao término deste trabalho é que, nos escritos whiteanos, a liberdade constitui-se numa espécie de fio dourado que perpassa os diversos assuntos e esperanças abordadas pela autora, começando pela narrativa da queda que implica na perda da liberdade e terminando na narrativa esperançosa de um mundo perfeito onde finalmente a liberdade responsável será recuperada. Conseqüentemente, a noção whiteana de educação é movida pela temática da liberdade humana: liberdade para pensar, para se desenvolver, para aprender, para criar, para servir, para deixar-se ser redimido.(AU)

A comunicação e o papel do comunicador nas ONGs sociais

Estudo sobre a comunicação em três organizações não governamentais de Curitiba-PR que se originaram em movimentos sociais, fundadas nas décadas de 1970, 1980 e 1990. Os objetivos da pesquisa compreenderam encontrar técnicas de comunicação utilizadas para se relacionarem com seus públicos e o papel desempenhado pelo comunicador nessas organizações. A metodologia empregada valeu-se de estudo de casos múltiplos, que incluiu como técnicas de busca de dados a pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e a realização entrevistas com líderes, fundadores e comunicadores das organizações estudadas. Como marco teórico buscou-se nos estudos de comunicação popular alternativa o embasamento para situar as análises realizadas. Dentre os resultados alcançados descobriu-se que, timidamente, há um avanço para o uso de técnicas de comunicação profissionalizadas e uma busca por um profissional que detenha a formação técnica, mas que antes de tudo esteja engajado, comprometido com as causas da organização.(AU)

Exits, entrances and entrepreneurship : an exploration of economic theories of entrepreneurship through new independent entry and infant exit

The thesis began as a study of new firm formation. Preliminary research suggested that infant death rate was considered to be a closely related problem and the search was for a theory of new firm formation which would explain both. The thesis finds theories of exit and entry inadequate in this respect and focusses instead on theories of entrepreneurship, particularly those which concentrate on entrepreneurship as an agent of change. The role of information is found to be fundamental to economic change and an understanding of information generation and dissemination and the nature and direction of information flows is postulated to lead coterminously to an understanding of entrepreneurhsip and economic change. The economics of information is applied to theories of entrepreneurhsip and some testable hypotheses are derived. The testing relies on etablishing and measuring the information bases of the founders of new firms and then testing for certain hypothesised differences between the information bases of survivors and non-survivors. No theory of entrepreneurship is likely to be straightforwardly testable and many postulates have to be established to bring the theory to a testable stage. A questionnaire is used to gather information from a sample of firms taken from a new micro-data set established as part of the work of the thesis. Discriminant Analysis establishes the variables which best distinguish between survivors and non-survivors. The variables which emerge as important discriminators are consistent with the theory which the analysis is testing. While there are alternative interpretations of the important variables, collective consistency with the theory under test is established. The thesis concludes with an examination of the implications of the theory for policy towards stimulating new firm formation.

Special issue of PDS - Based on PDDG meeting, Aston University, September 2007, in honour of Professor Norman Billingham

This edition of Polymer Degradation and Stability comprises selected papers presented at the 27th Polymer Degradation Discussion Group (PDDG) Conference, affiliated to the Macromolecular Group of the Royal Society of Chemistry, held at Aston University, Birmingham (UK), September 2007, in honour of Professor Norman Billingham for lifelong career in Polymer Science. Norman Billingham was one of the main founders of the PDDG meetings which have been held annually at different venues in the UK since 1976, and biennially since 1998. The PDDG meetings are forums for scientific developments and open discussion of all aspects of polymer degradation and stabilisation and have always provided younger researchers a platform for presenting and discussing their work in the field. This 27th PDDG meeting, chaired by Sahar Al-Malaika (Aston University), was dedicated to Norman Billingham, the Guest of Honour, in recognition for his distinguished contributions to Polymer Science particularly in the area of polymer degradation and stabilisation. The meeting was attended by 65 delegates from 15 countries in Europe, USA and Australia, many of whom have worked and collaborated with Norman at some points of their career. The guest editors of this issue wish to add their Congratulations to Norman Billingham for his outstanding contributions and achievements in the field of polymer degradation and stabilisation and to wish him very happy years ahead. We wish also to express our gratitude to Elsevier for sponsoring the 27th PDDG event and our appreciation to Professor Norman Billingham in his capacity as the Editor-in-Chief of Polymer Degradation and Stability, for the support and help received during the preparation of this special issue.

On Some of Professor Peter Rusev's Contributions

MSC 2010: 33-00, 33C45, 33C52, 30C15, 30D20, 32A17, 32H02, 44A05

Does start-up financing influence start-up speed? Evidence from the panel study of entrepreneurial dynamics

Why are some entrepreneurs able to start a new firm more quickly than others in the venture creation process? Drawing on pecking order and agency theory, this study investigates how start-up capital structure influences the time to either new firm founding or quitting the start-up process. The temporal aspect of the start-up process is one that is often discussed, but rarely studied. Therefore, we utilize competing risk and Cox regression event history analysis on a nationally representative sample of US entrepreneurs to investigate how start-up capital structure impacts the time in gestation to particular kinds of start-up outcomes. Our findings suggest that external equity has an appreciable impact on new firm emergence over time, and that the percentage of ownership held by the founders attenuates the benefits of external equity.

Philosophy's loss, neurology's gain:the endeavor of John Hughlings-Jackson

The year 2011 marked the centenary of the death of one of the founders of British neurology, John Hughlings-Jackson (1835-1911). By common consent he was a great clinician. But he was more. He endeavored to use clinical observations to throw light on one of the great problems of the modern world, the problem of mind. Hughlings-Jackson's daily contact with mentalities warped by neurological disease caused him to ponder deeply the nature of the mind-brain relationship, nowadays often known simply as the "hard problem. " In particular, he saw the danger of conflating mind and brain, a danger that has grown greater with the spectacular growth of neuroscientific knowledge during the last century. Although Hughlings-Jackson's neuroscientific thought is long outdated, his philosophic endeavors remain highly instructive. © 2012 by The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with sight threatening retinopathy and predicts the developement of preproliferative and proliferative retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes:a longitudinal analysis

troduct I on . An observational longitudinal study. P ur P ose . Assess the relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and DR cross-sectionally and longitudinally. M ethods . Adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who were re - cruited from a hospital-based diabetes clinic in the UK. Patients with pre-existing OSA, end-stage renal disease and non-diabetic retinopa - thy were excluded. OSA (apnoea hypopnea index ≥ 5 events/hour) was assessed by a single overnight home-based cardio-respiratory study (Alice PDX, Philips Respironics, USA). DR was assessed us - ing retinal images between 2007 and 2012. Sight threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) was defined as presence of pre-proliferative or proliferative DR, maculopathy or photocoagulation. Advanced DR was defined as pre-proliferative or proliferative DR. r esults . 199 patients were included (57.3% (n=114) men, 47.7% (n=95) White Europeans). STDR and OSA prevalence were 38.7% (n=77) and 62.8% respectively. A t b A sel I ne . STR prevalence was higher in patients with OSA (OSA+) compared to those without OSA (OSA-) [48.8% n=61 vs. 21.6% n=16, p<0.001]. After adjustment for confounders, OSA remained independently associated with STR (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.6-8.9, p=0.006), maculopathy (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.8-11.4, p=0.002) and advanced DR (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.02-15.3, p=0.047). Mild and moderate to severe OSA were independently associated with STR and maculopathy and only moderate to severe OSA was associated with advanced DR following adjustment for con - founders. l ong I tud I n A lly . Over the follow-up period of (4.4±1 years), more OSA+ patients progressed from no or background DR to advanced DR (15.3% (n=17) vs. 3% (n=2), p=0.01). OSA was an independent pre - dictor of advanced DR development after adjustment for confounders (OR 6.6, 95% CI 1.2-35.1, p=0.03). OSA did not predict the develop - ment of maculopathy. c onclus I ons . OSA is independently associated with STR and predicts the development of preproliferative and proliferative DR. Intervention - al studies are needed to assess the impact of OSA treatment on DR.